Lipid Oxidation Research Articles

Polyphenol-Rich Cranberry Beverage Positively Affected Skin Health, Skin Lipids, Skin Microbiome, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to determine whether a polyphenol-rich cranberry beverage affects skin properties, lipids, and the microbiome in women using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Twenty-two women with Fitzpatrick skin types 2-3 were randomized to drink a cranberry beverage or placebo for six weeks. After a 21-day washout, they consumed the opposite beverage for six weeks. Six weeks of cranberry beverage significantly reduced UVB-induced erythema, improved net elasticity on the face and forearm, smoothness on the face, and gross elasticity on the forearm compared to the placebo. When stratified by age, these effects of the cranberry beverage were primarily observed in women >40 years old. SOD activities were improved after six weeks of cranberry beverage consumption compared to the placebo, while glutathione peroxide and TNF-α were improved compared to baseline. These effects were found to differ by age group. Skin lipid composition was modulated by both the cranberry beverage and the placebo. Cranberry beverages did not change α- or β-diversity but altered the abundance of several skin microbes at the species and strain level. Consumption of a cranberry beverage for six weeks improved specific skin properties and oxidative stress and modulated skin lipids and microbiome compared to placebo.

Montmorillonite nanoclay triggers immunity responses in wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, and suppresses uredospore germination

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes the important disease, yellow rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Montmorillonite nanoclay (MNC) is naturally occurring and biodegradable. This study assessed in vitro anti-germination effects of MNC on P. striiformis uredospores. Application of MNC at 150 mg L-1 completely inhibited uredospore germination, and MNC at 100 mg L-1 reduced yellow rust severity in wheat plants by 89%. Expression of defense-related genes was increased after MNC treatment at 100 mg L-1, by 5.23-fold for jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3 (JERF3), 4.89-fold for chitinase class II (CHI II), and 2.37-fold for pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1). Applying MNC at 100 mg L-1 also activated the antioxidant enzymes POD to 62.1 unit min-1 g-1 fresh wt, PPO to 21.6 units min-1 g-1 fresh wt, and CAT to 36.6 units min-1 g-1 fresh wt. MNC also enhanced phenolic content in wheat leaves (to 1489.53 mg 100 g-1 f. wt), and reduced lipid oxidation levels (to 5.6 μmol MDA g-1 fresh wt). MNC at 100 mg L-1 also mitigated damaging effects of P. striiformis infections on host leaf cell ultrastructure, increased leaf photosynthetic pigments, and increased wheat plant growth. These results show that MNC has potential as a natural control agent for yellow rust of wheat, although field testing of MNC is necessary before this material can be recommended for wheat production.

Bushen Huoxue formula attenuates lipid accumulation evoking excessive autophagy in premature ovarian insufficiency rats and palmitic acid-challenged KGN cells by modulating lipid metabolism.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has affected about 3.7% of women of reproductive age and is a major factor contributing to infertility. Bushen Huoxue formula (BHF), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is clinically used to treat POI in China. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms of BHF in combating POI using corticosterone-induced rats and palmitic acid (PA)-challenged human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Initially, ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the components of BHF. The pharmacodynamic parameters evaluated included body weight, ovaries index, and serum hormone in rats. Follicle numbers were observed using H&E staining. Additionally, PCNA and TUNEL staining were used to assess GCs proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Lipid accumulation and ROS levels were examined using Oil Red O and ROS staining. Protein expressions were determined by western blot. To probe mechanisms, cell viability and E2 levels in BHF-treated, PA-stimulated GCs were determined using MTT and ELISA, respectively. Cell apoptosis and ROS levels were assessed using TUNEL and ROS staining. Proteins related to lipid metabolism and autophagy in PA-stimulated GCs were studied using agonists. Our results shown that BHF effectively normalized serum hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Concurrently, BHF also significantly reduced follicular atresia and promoted cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis in POI rats. Furthermore, BHF mitigated ovarian lipid accumulation by modulating lipid metabolism, which included reducing lipid synthesis (expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α), increasing lipid catabolism (expression of adipose triglyceride lipase), and enhancing lipid oxidation (expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A). Mechanistically, the therapeutic effects of BHF on POI were linked with alleviation of lipid deposition-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and excessive autophagy, corroborating the results in PA-challenged GCs. After treatment with elesclomol (a ROS inducer) and rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) in GCs, the effects of BHF were almost counteracted under model conditions. These findings suggest that BHF alleviates the symptoms of POI by altering lipid metabolism and reducing lipid accumulation-induced ROS and autophagy, offering evidence for BHF's efficacy in treating POI clinically.

Analysis of Intact In Vivo Peroxidized Phospholipids from Bovine Retina via LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Using Autoxidized Retina Reference Standards.

Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are vulnerable to oxygen attack, thus making HUFA-rich, high metabolic rate/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating neurological tissue particularly susceptible to increased oxidative stress. Lipid oxidation is a putative early stage marker of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that reliable monitoring of oxidized neural lipids in vivo reveals early pathogenesis. Here, we present a novel methodology to detect and quantify intactin vivo ROS-driven peroxidized phospholipids (LPOx-PLs) in bovine retina extract. A protocol for preparing autoxidized pure phospholipids (PLs) and complex retinal extracts served as reference standards and was adapted to enable analytical parameter development. Fatty acid profiles of bovine retinas were first established with routine gas chromatography (GC) methods and used to customize mass spectrometry scanning for major HUFA-carrying PLs in the retinal extract. Targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry detected native (unoxidized) and oxidation-damaged PL regardless of the position of the O or O2 addition along the acyl chains and enabled quantification of relative signals from intact native and oxidized PL (5%-10% CV). MRM-triggered information-dependent acquisition (IDA) spectra confirmed the structure of peroxidized PLs, revealing that peroxidized species (+O-OH) dominated over single O-added species in vitro and in vivo. Positive identification and relative quantification are reported for 12 selected in vivo native and peroxidized phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. These results enable future studies of the initial peroxidation due to toxins, genetics, or other initiating events influencing in vivo oxidation levels and potentially the effectiveness of strategies to mitigate this mechanism of action.

Alcohol-associated liver disease - a current overview.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains a major and increasingly pressing concern in hepatology. ALD includes spectrum of conditions, each with unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Excessive alcohol intake is a leading preventable cause of physical harm, including ALD. The pathogenesis of ALD involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism disruptions, with genetic predispositions playing a major role. ALD progresses from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, and finally liver cirrhosis, which is marked by severe fibrosis and impaired liver function. Advanced ALD stages, particularly alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, are characterized by high mortality rates. Management of ALD primarily involves strict abstinence from alcohol, which can reverse early-stage disease or halt progression. Nutritional support, vitamin supplementation, and symptomatic treatment are also essential. Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but it is difficult for patients with a history of alcohol abuse to qualify for the procedure. Epidemiological data indicate a growing burden of ALD, especially among younger populations, exacerbated by increased alcohol consumption trends and the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on drinking behaviors. Despite ALD's significant impact, current therapies are limited, highlight- ing the need for innovative treatments and comprehensive patient management strategies. Individualized care, enhanced epidemiological research, and new therapeutic approaches are crucial to improving outcomes for ALD patients.

Thermal-induced interactions between soy protein isolate and malondialdehyde: Effects on protein digestibility, structure, and formation of advanced lipoxidation end products

Thermally processed lipid- and protein-rich foods have sparked widespread concern since they may degrade food nutrition and even risk food safety. This study investigated soy protein isolate (SPI) alterations of digestibility and structure, as well as the formation of potentially hazardous chemicals, i.e., advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), after interacting with malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid oxidation product) under high-temperature cooking conditions (100–180 °C, up to 60 min). In-vitro protein digestion of the SPI-MDA mixtures suggested that their room-temperature interactions damaged SPI digestibility, and increasing the temperature and the duration of the thermal treatment exacerbated the adverse effects. Protein oxidation, covalent aggregation of subunits, and changes in secondary and tertiary structures were revealed using thiol quantification, gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, which could explain reduced protein digestibility. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) identified seven non-crosslinked ALEs and two crosslinked ALEs. Increased MDA concentrations promoted the generation of ALEs. Moreover, the acrolein-derived ALEs with reactive carbonyl groups were prone to further reacting into crosslinked ALEs, potentially responsible for the subunit aggregation.

Effect of citrus fiber on physicochemical quality of Frankfurter sausages: A study on lipid oxidation and protein gel characteristics

Citrus fibers (CF) are frequently used to enhance the water-holding capacity and nutritional profile of meat products. However, their impact on the lipid oxidation and gel properties of emulsified meat products remains incompletely elucidated. This study aims to comprehensively assess the physicochemical and sensory attributes of frankfurter sausages enriched with CF and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The properties of lipid oxidation, protein intermolecular interactions, and microstructural changes in CF-enriched frankfurter sausages were investigated. The results indicate the potential role of flavonoids contained in CF in preventing lipid oxidation in frankfurters sausages. Furthermore, the incorporation of CF contributes to the formation of a denser microstructure, achieved through the exposure of protein hydrophobic groups and the transformation of α-helical structures into β-turn configurations. These findings advance the understanding of how CF impacts the quality of frankfurter sausages, offering insights for improving the utilization of CF resources and developing higher-value functional meat products.

PSVI-14 Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on first generation offspring oxidative status in skeletal muscle

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition (restricted- and over-nutrition) during gestation negatively impacts offspring pre- and post-natal growth. Previous work has identified decreased muscle mass and increased adiposity, leading to poor quantity and quality of animal protein products. Alterations in oxidative status, such as the imbalance of antioxidant activity and the production of free radicals, can result in oxidative stress damaging lipid membranes, proteins, and DNA. Changes in oxidative status may contribute to the poor growth outcomes observed in offspring from poorly nourished dams. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on the oxidative status in offspring skeletal muscle in sheep. We hypothesized that offspring of restricted- and over-fed ewes would have decreased antioxidant activity and increased products of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, multiparous Dorset ewes (n = 46) pregnant with twins were fed 100% (CON), 60% (RES), or 140% (OVER) of total nutrient requirements (NRC) from d 30 of gestation until parturition. Following parturition, ewes were fed a control diet throughout lactation. At d 282 of age semitendinosus (STN) samples were collected from rams at necropsy, and at d 284 of age muscle biopsies from STN were collected from ewes. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED with fixed effects of maternal diet and offspring sex. Data were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. The activity of the endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased by 45% and 33% in RES and OVER offspring, respectively, compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). Offspring sex did not alter STN SOD activity (P = 0.35). Muscle glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was decreased in RES offspring by 20% compared with CON (P ≤ 0.04), but neither differed from OVER offspring (P ≥ 0.24). Ewes had 34% greater GPx activity compared with rams (P < 0.0001). Offspring from RES and OVER ewes had 77% and 87% greater concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, when compared with CON (P < 0.0001). Ewes had 29% greater MDA concentrations compared with rams (P = 0.05). Protein carbonyl (PC), a marker of protein oxidation, concentrations were 36% and 38% greater in RES and OVER offspring, respectively, compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). The decrease in antioxidant activities and increase in products of protein and lipid oxidation in offspring from poorly nourished dams suggests dysregulation in skeletal muscle oxidative status that may contribute to the negative consequences observed in offspring. Future work should focus on determining the mechanistic role of skeletal muscle oxidative stress in the decreased quantity and quality of animal protein products and identifying potential strategies to mitigate alterations in oxidative status as a result of poor maternal nutrition during gestation.

An intrinsic mechanism of metabolic tuning promotes cardiac resilience to stress

Defining the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac resilience is crucial to find effective approaches to protect the heart. A physiologic level of ROS is produced in the heart by fatty acid oxidation, but stressful events can boost ROS and cause mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac functional impairment. Melusin is a muscle specific chaperone required for myocardial compensatory remodeling during stress. Here we report that Melusin localizes in mitochondria where it binds the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a key enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, and decreases it activity. Studying both mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, we found that Melusin reduces lipid oxidation in the myocardium and limits ROS generation in steady state and during pressure overload and doxorubicin treatment, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, the treatment with the lipid oxidation inhibitor Trimetazidine concomitantly with stressful stimuli limits ROS accumulation and prevents long-term heart dysfunction. These findings disclose a physiologic mechanism of metabolic regulation in the heart and demonstrate that a timely restriction of lipid metabolism represents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve cardiac resilience to stress.

Fortification of pullulan/cassava starch-based edible films incorporated with LC-EO nanoparticles and the application for beef meat preservation

A multipurpose food packaging film was created using pullulan and cassava starch as bases and sodium caseinate/zein-loaded Litsea cubeba essential oil nanoparticles as fillers. The study showed that the PS, PDI, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of LC-EO in SC/ZNPs1% were 206.34 nm, 0.28 %, −25.73 mV, and 89.69 %, respectively, indicating even distribution and good stability. FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed hydrogen bond formation and structural changes between nanoparticle-forming materials, while SEM analysis revealed uniform distribution and spherical morphology of SC/ZNPs1%.The study found that the psc4% film showed improved mechanical properties, including an increase in elongation at break from 14.76 % to 19.30 %, and enhanced barrier characteristics, despite a slight decrease in tensile strength from 28.53 MPa to 7.77 MPa. The pcs4% film enhanced hydrophobic characteristics from 39.06 % to 20.91 % and showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli O157:H7 at 28 mm and 23 mm inhibition zones, respectively, with improved antioxidant properties (76.16 %), effectively reducing bacterial populations, color, texture, and pH change and lipid oxidation in fresh beef for up to seven days. The psc4% film is a promising new active antibacterial and antioxidant food-packaging material.

Preparation of antibacterial composite film based on arginine-modified chitosan and its application in the preservation of ready-to-eat sea cucumber

An edible composite film was developed and applied for ready-to-eat sea cucumber storage to improve the product quality. The PAC film base is first prepared by mixing 0.5 % glycerin (GL) with 4 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 1 % arginine-modified chitosan (Arg-CTS) in the same volume. After the addition of nano-ZnO (ZnO) and thymol (Thy) to the PAC film base, the mechanical properties and functions were tested. Compared to the PAC film, the PAC-ZnO-ThyH composite film showed a 1.34-fold increase in the DPPH scavenging rate and a 2.19-fold increase in the ABTS scavenging rate. Contrary to the PAC film, the inhibition zone diameter of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus significantly increased by 2.35 and 4.08 folds in the PAC-Zno-ThyH film, respectively. After applying the PAC-ZnO-ThyH film to store ready-to-eat sea cucumber for 10 days, there was a significant reduction in weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and lipid oxidation levels to 1.47 and 1.26 folds to the Ctrl group. After preservation, the hardness and chewiness of ready-to-eat sea cucumber were maintained at 1079.62 ± 138.86 N and 913.73 ± 175.79 N, respectively. The novel PAC-ZnO-ThyH composite film can be used as an active food packaging for promising seafood applications.

Effects of phenolic acid grafted-chitosan hydrocolloids on the aldehyde contents from lipid oxidation in golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) fillets during pan-frying

The effects of phenolic acid grafted-chitosan hydrocolloids (CS-g-GA/FA) on aldehyde contents from lipid oxidation in golden pompano fillets during pan-frying was investigated with an established high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum method. Results indicated that pan-frying induced profound lipid oxidation and aldehydes generation with propanal, hexanal, nonanal, trans, trans-2,4-decadienal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal as the abundant species. CS-g-FA and CS-g-GA effectively decreased their contents by 23.74–27.42 %, 61.69–67.42 %, 41.83–53.91 %, 29.91–48.79 %, and 61.57–65.39 % after 3 min. Most aldehyde contents decreased with the extension of pan-frying time due to the volatilization and reaction. In terms of substrate depletion, CS-g-phenolic acids effectively inhibited unsaturated fatty acids oxidation due to their decent antioxidant activity than CS. The significant lower retention rates of aldehydes in the CS-g-phenolic acids groups compared with control in chemical mode confirmed the carbonyl ammonia condensation. These results suggested that CS-g-phenolic acids serve as novel coating to reduce hazardous compounds during aquatic products thermal processing.

The preservative effect of the black rice's cold, hot and ultrasonic ethanol extracts on the storage quality of beef patties

SummaryThis work aimed to determine the total anthocyanin and phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity of extracts of the black rice's cold, hot and ultrasonic‐assisted extracts and their preservative effect on the storage quality of beef patties. The three extracts exhibited high anthocyanin, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, and they were used in beef patties at five treatments (negative control without extract, positive control with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 7.5% cold extract, 7.5% hot extract and 7.5% ultrasound‐assisted extract). Raw and cooked beef patties were tested at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of cold storage in aerobically packaged polyethylene containers regarding pH, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity and microbial quality. While adding black rice extracts did not influence the proximate composition of raw samples (P > 0.05), it slowed down the pH and lipid oxidation during storage and provided pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) stability in all final products. The BHT and treatments with extract indicated a higher 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value than the negative control. Also, the incorporation of black rice extracts slightly retarded bacterial growth. These results suggest that the black rice extracts at 7.5% can be used effectively to protect beef patties from microbial spoilage and oxidation during cold storage for 12 days.

Impacts of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat extract on the physicochemical properties in dry-fermented sausages during storage

The present study was designed to compare different extraction methods in meoru (Vitis coignetiae Pulliat). The effect of meoru extract on the quality characteristics of dry-fermented sausages was also evaluated. Ground pork sausages were assigned to different groups: control without meoru hot water extract, M1 (with 0.01% meoru hot water extract), and M2 (with 0.02% meoru hot water extract). Antioxidant yield, phenolic compound content, and antioxidant properties such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were highest in groups with the meoru hot water extract. Both groups with meoru extract had significantly lower pH and moisture content at all storage times compared with the control. The inclusion of 0.2% meoru in sausages resulted in similar meat color values compared with the control. The rate of lipid oxidation significantly decreased in the groups with meoru extract addition. When the amount of meoru extract was increased to 0.02%, lactic acid bacteria was significantly enhanced. Therefore, 0.02% meoru addition using the hot water extraction method showed effective antioxidant performance, increased lactic acid bacteria, and color consistency in dry-fermented sausages during cold storage.

In Vitro Activation of Paraoxonase 1 by Steroids: An Experimental, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Modelling Study

AbstractParaoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that prevents lipid oxidation by hydrolysing lipid peroxides in the oxidised low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) structure, bound to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum, and exhibits esterase and lactonase activity. In this work, the hPON1 enzyme was purified from human serum using a hydrophobic gel with Sepharose 4B‐L‐tyrosine‐naphthylamine, and the affinity of some steroid derivatives previously isolated from fungal steroid biotransformations was examined on the pure hPON1 enzyme. The results indicate that all these derivaties activate the hPON1 enzyme to a different extent. Additionally, the binding potential of the most active five steroid derivatives to the PON1 enzyme to form a stable complex was explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The compounds with the highest potency in the enzymatic assay, S‐8 and S‐20, had the highest binding potential to the enzyme. The stability of the complexes formed by the two compounds was assessed and compared to the stability of the unbound enzyme structure. The enzyme‐compound complexes generally had similar stability to the unbound enzyme structure. Together with this, the MD simulation revealed that compound S‐8 would remain inside the enzyme's binding site during the simulation period, unlike compound S‐20. This situation varies according to the respective derivatives’ functional groups and hydrophobic characteristics.

Effect of flaxseed oil cyclolinopeptides on lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and lipid profile during in vitro digestion of high-fat beef

This study investigated the influence of flaxseed oil cyclolinopeptides (CLs) on lipid and protein oxidation during high-fat meat digestion. Fourteen CLs were identified in flaxseed oil through UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, with dominant CLA, CLB, CLE, and CLM. During in vitro digestion, CLs inhibited lipid oxidation products (lipid hydroperoxide, Malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal) and protein carbonylation. Compared to other groups, the lipid (16.28 ± 0.35) and protein (17.5 ± 0.6) oxidation was significantly inhibited, and antioxidant activity was remarkably increased when the CLs content reached 200 mg/kg. Through untargeted lipidomic analysis using Q-Exactive, it was observed that CLs mitigated the formation of oxidized triglycerides (OxTG) products and enhanced the hydrolysis of lipids to generate sphingolipid and polyunsaturated fatty-acids enriched glycerophospholipids imparting nutritional value to meat. Electron spin-resonance and fluorescence quenching showed that primary radicals such as alkyl and alkoxy radicals during high-fat meat digestion with flaxseed oil CLs significantly mitigate their formation. These findings collectively indicate that consuming CLs enriched flaxseed oil could reduce lipid oxidation and enhance the nutritional value of high-fat meat during digestion.

Oil polyunsaturated fatty acid composition but not tocopherol levels determine oxylipin formation in plant and algae oils during pan-frying

The oxidation of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in plant oils results in primary oxidation products known as oxylipins. It is not known whether the mechanisms of oxidation are driven primarily by oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition (i.e., more double bonds resulting in more rapid oxidation) or antioxidant (tocopherol) content. The present study addressed this unknown by measuring the effects of pan-frying on LA- and ALA-derived oxylipin concentrations in plant and algae oils with different baseline fatty acid and tocopherol concentrations. Oxylipins, free fatty acids and tocopherols were quantified in algae, olive, corn, canola, and soybean oils before and after 30 minutes of pan-frying. Fatty acid epoxides and hydroxides of LA or ALA were significantly elevated after pan-frying, whereas fatty acid diols were reduced. The level of change in oxylipins was lower in low-PUFA algae and extra virgin olive oils compared to soybean, canola and corn oils (high in PUFAs). Tocopherols decreased significantly after 30 minutes of pan-frying, particularly in oils with low PUFA composition. Minor changes were observed in free fatty acids. Our findings demonstrate that oil PUFA composition is a greater determinant of lipid oxidation than tocopherol content, and that PUFAs in high LA or ALA oils may spare tocopherol oxidation by acting as free radical scavengers.

Temporal analysis of water chemistry and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) health at two sites with divergent land use in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania, USA

Monitoring wild fish health and exposure effects in impacted rivers and streams with differing land use has become a valuable research tool. Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) are a sensitive, indicator species that exhibit signs of immunosuppression and endocrine disruption in response to water quality changes and contaminant exposure. To determine the impact of agriculture and development on smallmouth bass health, two sites (a developed/agriculture site and a forested site) in the Susquehanna River watershed, Pennsylvania were selected where bass and water chemistry were sampled from 2015 to 2019. Smallmouth bass were sampled for histopathology to assess parasite and macrophage aggregate density in the liver and spleen, condition factor (Ktl), hepatic gene transcript abundance, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and a health assessment index (HAI). Land use at the developed/agriculture site included greater pesticide application rates and phytoestrogen crop cover and more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides, wastewater-associated contaminants, hormones, phytoestrogens, and mycotoxins than at the forested site. Additionally, at the developed/agriculture site, indicators of molecular changes, including oxidative stress, immune/inflammation, and lipid metabolism-related hepatic gene transcripts, were associated with more contaminants and land use variables. At both sites, there were multiple associations of contaminants with liver and/or spleen macrophage aggregate density, indicating that changes at the molecular level seemed to be a better indicator of exposures unique to each site. The findings illustrate the importance of timing for land management practices, the complex mixtures aquatic animals are exposed to, and the temporal changes in contaminant concentration. Agricultural practices that affect hepatic gene transcripts associated with immune function and disease resistance were demonstrated which could negatively affect smallmouth bass populations.

Effect of Near-Freezing Storage Combined with High-Voltage Electric Fields on the Freshness of Large Yellow Croaker.

Seafood is highly perishable after being caught, making effective preservation technology essential. A few studies have explored the mechanisms of near-freezing storage combined with high-voltage electric fields for seafood preservation. This study uses near-freezing storage at -1 °C in conjunction with three high-voltage electric fields (5 kV/m, 8 kV/m, and 16 kV/m) to store large yellow croakers for 21 days and assesses their quality through sensory evaluation, pH values, malondialdehyde, total volatile basic nitrogen, and total viable counts. The results indicate that high-voltage electric fields effectively inhibit endogenous enzyme activity and microbial growth while reducing lipid oxidation in large yellow croakers. The preservation effect is optimal at an electric field strength of 16 kV/m, extending their shelf life by 9 days. These findings offer valuable theoretical and data-driven insights for applying near-freezing storage and electric field preservation technology in cross-regional fish transportation.

Using palm oil residue for food nutrition and quality: from palm fatty acid distillate to vitamin E toward sustainability.

Increasing global palm oil production yields a valuable palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) - a rich vitamin E (Vit-E) source and multifunctional ingredient in the food agro-industry - that can be utilized to achieve sustainability. This article reviews trends in the use and role of PFAD and its Vit-E in the food sector and proposes an integrated agro-industrial concept toward sustainability. Vit-E can be separated from PFAD with diverse and impactful pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-ultraviolet effects. Based on in vivo experimental tests, PFAD and Vit-E supplementation can enhance the productivity and quality of livestock-based food products. PFAD is a plasticizer and antistatic packaging material in food packaging systems, and its derivatives can be used as food additives. Meanwhile, the Vit-E molecule in packaging can extend food shelf life by maintaining color stability, reducing lipid oxidation and rancidity, adding antimicrobial properties, and influencing changes in packaging properties such as water vapor, tensile strength, melting point and other physical properties. Toward sustainability, an integrated agro-industrial design has been proposed to implement clean production, increase the added value of palm oil industry residues, minimize environmental risks and increase profits to achieve long-term social welfare. In conclusion, PFAD residues and their Vit-E content have shown broad benefits in the food sector and prospects toward sustainability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.