Parameters Of Lipid Metabolism Research Articles

Conservative Treatment for Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: Real World Follow-Up Profiling and Clinical Evolution in 1300 Patients.

Background: Limited therapeutic tools and an overwhelming clinical demand are the major limiting factors in pediatric obesity management. The optimal protocol, environment, body mass index (BMI) change targets and duration of obesity-oriented interventions remain to be elucidated. Aims: We aimed to characterize the singularities of follow-up, anthropometric and metabolic evolution of a large cohort of pediatric patients with obesity in a specialized university hospital outpatient obesity unit. Patients and methods: Follow-up duration (up to seven years), attrition rate and anthropometric and metabolic evolution of 1300 children and adolescents with obesity were studied. An individualized analysis was conducted in patients attaining a high level of weight loss (over 1.5 BMI-SDS (standard deviation score) and/or 10% of initial weight; n = 252; 19.4%) as well as in “metabolically healthy” patients (n = 505; 38.8%). Results: Attrition rate was high during the early stages (11.2% prior to and 32.5% right after their initial metabolic evaluation). Mean follow-up time was 1.59 ± 1.60 years (7% of patients fulfilled 7 years). The highest BMI reduction occurred in the first year (−1.11 ± 0.89 SDS, p < 0.001 in 72.5% of patients). At the end of the follow-up, improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism parameters were observed (both p < 0.05), that were highest in patients with the greatest weight reduction (all p < 0.01), independent of the time spent to achieve weight loss. The pubertal growth spurt negatively correlated with obesity severity (r = −0.38; p < 0.01) but patients attaining adult height exceeded their predicted adult height (n = 308, +1.6 ± 5.4 cm; p < 0.001). “Metabolically healthy” patients, but with insulin resistance, had higher blood pressure, glucose, uric acid and triglyceride levels than those without insulin resistance (all p < 0.05). Preservation of the “metabolically healthy” status was associated with BMI improvement. Conclusions: Behavioral management of children with obesity can be effective and does not impair growth but is highly conditioned by high attrition. The best results regarding BMI reduction and metabolic improvement are achieved in the first year of intervention and can be preserved if follow-up is retained.

Expression Profile and Potential Function of Circular RNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Male Patients With Primary Gout.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a single-stranded covalently closed-loop structure, and their abnormal expression may participate in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Currently, knowledge of circRNAs in gout is limited. In this case-control study, human circRNA microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with primary gout (n = 5) and healthy controls (HC; n = 3). Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze significantly different circRNAs (fold change >1.5, p < 0.05). In addition, four significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect expression levels in 90 gout patients and 60 HC. Subsequently, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established to predict the function of circRNAs of interest. Microarray analysis indicated that 238 circRNAs were upregulated and 41 circRNAs were down-regulated in the gout group (fold change >1.5, p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in the pathogenesis of gout via various pathways. Moreover, the expression levels of hsa_circRNA_103657 and hsa_circRNA_000241 were significantly higher in the gout group than those in the HC group, and both correlated significantly with lipid metabolism parameters. Furthermore, the area under the curve of hsa_circRNA_103657 was 0.801 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.730–0.871; p < 0.001). Our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of primary gout. Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in the PBMCs of gout patients, and these differential circRNAs may play important roles in the development and progression of gout.

Effects of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on blood cells of rats

Aim. To study the effects of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on erythrocytes and platelets of rats.Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 23) were used for the study. The rats were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The rats from the control group were fed with standard rat chow. The rats from the experimental group had received a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks. In the rats, body weight and blood pressure (BP) were measured, an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out, and hematological and lipid metabolism parameters were analyzed. The conductance of erythrocyte KCa-channels was measured by the potentiometric method, and platelet aggregation was determined by the turbidimetric method.Results. Feeding the rats with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks resulted in obesity, BP elevation, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia with pronounced triglyceridemia. In the experimental group, a rise in the number of leukocytes, mainly due to granulocytes, and an increase in the number of platelets and their collagen-induced aggregation were observed. The red blood cell count in the rats of the experimental group did not significantly differ from that of the control group. In the experimental group, multidirectional changes in the membrane potential were observed in response to the stimulation of the KCa-channels in the erythrocyte membrane with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or artificial redox systems.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet leads to metabolic and hemorheological disorders that are typical of metabolic syndrome.

MRI assessment of the abdominal adipose tissue and the state of the abdominal aorta in patients with coronary artery disease: association with metabolic disorders

Aim. To evaluate potential associations between quantitative features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and anthropometric characteristics of obesity, metabolic disorders, and the state of the abdominal aorta in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients (average age 61.2 ± 7.2 years) with chronic CAD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 1.5 T MRI scanner using T2-weighted spin-echo modes. The area and volume of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were calculated at the L4–L5 level; the total volumes of abdominal SAT and VAT were determined. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as adipokine profile were studied in the blood serum.Results. In the course of a multiple linear regression analysis, we detected the independent determinants, which described 95% of the total VAT volume variability and were represented by waist circumference (WC) and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin. The model was characterized by the significance level p &lt; 0.000001, the residuals of the model were normal. We calculated the coefficients in the model: 1.39 for WC, –0.26 for HDL cholesterol, and –0.19 for adiponectin. We detected a positive correlation between the abdominal aorta (AA) diameter and SAT area at the L4–L5 level (rs = 0.48; p = 0.0014), which does not depend on gender, and reverse correlations between the aorta diameter and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0359) and postprandial glycemia (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0273). The patients with a dilated aorta (group 2), when compared with the patients with a normal aorta diameter (group 1), did not differ in the AT accumulation, but demonstrated decreased levels of HbA1c and postprandial glycemia, which resulted in a smaller number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion. We identified independent determinants of an increase in the total volume of abdominal visceral AT, such as an increase in WC and a decrease in serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels. Results of the study indicate the presence of a link between the AA remodeling, accumulation of subcutaneous AT, and impaired glucose metabolism.

Metabolic effects of ramipril and indapamide in hypertensive patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective. To assess the effects of combined antihypertensive therapy with ramipril and indapamide on insulin resistance, carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism, as well as the structure and function of the liver in hypertensive patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Design and methods. In a pre-post study, we included 30 patients with hypertension (HTN) 1–2 degrees in combination with NAFLD (Fatty Liver Index (FLI) &gt; 60) aged 45 to 65 years. Patients discontinued antihypertensive therapy 5–7 days before the initial examination. After that one of the fixed combinations of ramipril (2,5/5 mg/day) and indapamide (0,625/1,25 mg) were prescribed along with the lifestyle and weight reduction recommendations (the Mediterranean type of diet, a decrease in calorie intake by 500–1000 kcal from baseline, and physical aerobic exercise at least 150 minutes per week). All patients underwent clinical examination, measurement of office blood pressure (BP), ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), anthropometric parameters, assessment of the visceral obesity index (VAI), anthropometric parameters, VAI, the degree of adipose tissue dysfunction (ATD), the percentage of visceral and subcutaneous fat by the bioelectrical impedance method. We also assessed lipid, carbohydrate, purine metabolism and the structural and functional state of the liver before and after the treatment.Results. After 24-week therapy with a fixed combination of ramipril and indapamide (average dosage of 4,04 ± 1,24 and 1,01 ± 0,31 mg, respectively) HTN patients with NAFLD achieved target BP. There was a decrease in both office systolic BP (SBP) (p &lt; 0,001) and office diastolic BP (DBP) (p = 0,007) in 100 % of patients, as well as in ABPM indices. We observed a decrease in waist and hip circumferences (p ≤ 0,001 and p ≤ 0,001, respectively), the proportion of subcutaneous (p = 0,0134) and visceral (p = 0,002) fat. The number of patients with normal ATD increased (p = 0,030), while the proportion of patients with dysfunction decreased (p = 0,039). There was also a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0,027) and a decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0,002) and metabolic index (p = 0,030). We also found an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism with no change in purine metabolism. There was a favorable effect on the liver structure and function, and the number of patients with high alaninaminotransferase &gt; 40 U/L decreased (5 (16,7 %) vs 0, p = 0,026).Conclusions. Twenty-fourweek treatment with a fixed combination of ramipril and indapamide, together with recommendations for lifestyle changes and weight loss, led to a significant decrease in BP levels, the severity of insulin resistance, and visceral obesity. In addition, the treatment had a beneficial effect on the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as liver structure and function (decreased severity of steatosis and fibrosis).

Hsa_circRNA_102682 is closely related to lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To explore the relationship between circular RNA (circRNA) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the metabolic profile at the molecular level, and find a biological marker that can predict GDM early. Methods A retrospective case–control study was conducted using data and samples from women treated at a hospital in China between January 10 2018 and February 20 2019. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression level of hsa_circRNA_102682 in serum and analyze its correlation with lipid metabolism parameters. Results Advanced age and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy are risk factors for GDM. The expression level of hsa_circ_102682 was lower among the cases than the controls (p=.000). The levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), APOB, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were different between the controls and cases (p<.05). Hsa_circRNA_102682 was significantly correlated with triglycerides, APOA1, APOB, 1-h blood glucose in the serum of GDM patients, and the correlation coefficients were 0.319, 0.314, 0.286, and 0.311, respectively (p<.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.684 (95% confidence interval 0.611–0.756, p=.0001). Conclusions Hsa_circRNA_102682 may regulate lipid metabolism, participate in the pathogenesis of GDM. It can be used as a marker to predict GDM.

Xanthohumol Requires the Intestinal Microbiota to Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

The polyphenol xanthohumol (XN) improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity animal models. Because XN changes intestinal microbiota composition, the study hypothesizes that XN requires the microbiota to mediate its benefits. To test the hypothesis, the study feeds conventional and germ-free male Swiss Webster mice either a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat derived calories), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat derived calories), or a high-fat diet supplemented with XN at 60mg kg-1 body weight per day (HXN) for 10 weeks, and measure parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. In conventional mice, the study discovers XN supplementation decreases plasma insulin concentrations and improves Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). In germ-free mice, XN supplementation fails to improve these outcomes. Fecal sample 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis suggests XN supplementation changes microbial composition and dramatically alters the predicted functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota metabolizes XN into bioactive compounds, including dihydroxanthohumol (DXN), an anti-obesogenic compound with improved bioavailability. XN requires the intestinal microbiota to mediate its benefits, whichinvolves complex diet-host-microbiota interactions with changes in both microbial composition and functional capacity. The study results warrant future metagenomic studies which will provide insight into complex microbe-microbe interactionsand diet-host-microbiota interactions.

Assessment of the visceral adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with coronary artery disease: link to metabolism disorders and condition of the abdominal aorta

Abstract Aim MRI-quantification of the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and investigation of its interconnections with anthropometric parameters of obesity, carbohydrate metabolism and condition of abdominal aorta in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The study included 55 patients (mean age 61.2±7.2 y.o.) with chronic CAD. All patients underwent MRI of the abdominal AT and abdominal aorta segment on a 1.5 T MRI in standard modes. Calculation of the area and volume of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was conducted at L4-L5 level; the total volumes of abdominal SAT and VAT were calculated. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well adipokines' profile were measured in blood serum. Results To eliminate gender bias the data in the total group was corrected for the sex, height and body weight. In the course of the multiple linear regression analysis, we detected the independent determinants, which described 95% of the total VAT volume variability and were represented by waist circumference and serum levels of HDL cholesterol and adiponectin. The model was characterized by the significance level p&amp;lt;0,ehab724.116501, the residues of the model were normal. The evaluation of the coefficients in the model was as following: 1,39 for waist circumference, −0.26 for HDL cholesterol and −0,19 for adiponectin. We detected direct correlation between the aorta diameter and total SAT volume (rs=0.30), which was independent from sex; and reverse correlations between the aorta diameter and HbA1c level (rs=−0.40) and postprandial glycemia (rs=−0.40). Patients with dilated aorta when compared to the patients with normal aorta diameter did not differ in the AT accumulation, but demonstrated decreased levels of HbA1c and postprandial glycaemia, which was dependent upon the lower numbers of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Conclusion We have identified the independent determinants of the total volume of the abdominal visceral AT increase, which appeared to be increment of the waist circumference and decrease of the serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol. Results of the study indicate the presence of the interconnection between the processes of the abdominal aorta remodeling, accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue and carbohydrate metabolism impairments. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. MRI of the abdominal tissueMRI of the abdominal aorta

Application of the complex Edelim in pathogenetic management of patients with erectile dysfunction

AIM: To assess the degree of changes in complaints, dynamics of biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, penile hemodynamics in patients with ED during therapy with EDELIM in comparison with PDE-5 inhibitors. Assess the tolerability of the drug based on the analysis of reported adverse events.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was prospective comparative observational cohort. The study included 60 patients over 18 years old with complaints of persistent, at least 1 month, erectile dysfunction. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 patients with ED received Edelim on a regular basis, one capsule 2 times daily for 3 months; group 2 patients with ED received generic tadalafil 5 mg daily for 1 month, then 1 month break, then 5 mg per day for 1 month.&#x0D; RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.4 9.2 years. In group 1, significant differences were noted in the all hemodynamic and biochemical indicators, except for HDL levels (2.2 0.4 vs. 2.3 0.4 mmol/L; p = 0.067). In group 2, significant differences were noted in the dynamics of the IIEF-5 scale, the level of HDL, and the blood flow velocity in the right and left cavernous arteries. There were no significant differences in blood flow in the left and right dorsal arteries, levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure. In the 1st group of patients, there were no adverse events, in the 2nd group, in 3 patients mild side effects.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in the quality of erection in the group of patients taking Edelim is associated with decrease in the lipid profile, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, which can be regarded as a variant of pathogenetic conservative treatment of ED.

Dynamics of nutrition structure and metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese women with dietary counseling and remote monitoring

Aim. To study the effects of diet optimization and weight loss on the dynamics of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in women with overweight and obesity in six-month dietary counseling and remote monitoring.Material and Methods. A balanced caloric restriction by 240–250 kcal a day on average was recommended to 119 women with overweight and obesity. Actual nutrition was evaluated using special computer software “1C Nutrition Evaluation”.Results. The study showed a significant nutritional imbalance with a relatively high consumption of fats (40.4%) and low consumption of carbohydrates (39.6%), mainly due to the low consumption of starch. On the contrary, the consumption level of monoand disaccharides (20.9%) was twice as high as recommended (10%) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Dietary restriction and nutritional optimization led to a significant decrease in the values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipid metabolism. As a result, the risks and probability of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases decreased.Conclusion. Correction of eating habits allowed to establish a rational and balanced approach to dietary energy restriction and nutritional structure optimization. Achieved weight loss was associated with normalization of parameters of abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and lipid metabolism. Six-month dietary intervention in women promoted control of risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The results of the study may be used to improve the personalized technology of distant preventive counseling in primary health care aimed at weight loss to achieve both primary and secondary prophylactics of metabolic syndrome and chronic non-infectious diseases.

Assessment of the effect of bioactive nutrients and probiotic microorganisms on the parameters of lipid metabolism in the body

The aim of the work is a comparative study of the effect of vegetable nutrients - wheat germ oil (WGO), flour from wheat germ cake (WGC), and animal - concentrated tissue fish oil, origin on lipid metabolism indicators of students and university teachers, as well as an assessment of the probiotic factor in increasing the effectiveness of the target biologically active substances. The data obtained confirm the relation between the nutritional sufficiency of the body and the increase in lipid metabolism effectiveness and atherosclerosis risk reduction in students and teachers of an engineering university with the daily use of bioactive nutrients: WGO, WGCF, CTFO and their combinations with the biomass of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria consortium. The lipid metabolism was evaluated based on the analysis of indicators of the total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI). The values of these indicators were recorded before and after daily consuming the study foods for 30 days. The data obtained were analyzed for 3 age groups: 16 – 24, 25 – 44, and 45 – 65. It was found that WGO has the most effective antiatherosclerotic effect; the decrease in the TC level was 6.4%, the increase in the HDL concentration was 13.7%, the decrease in the LDL concentration was 11.3%, the decrease in the TG concentration was 17.1%, and the AI decreased by 22.6%, respectively. With WGCF, the changes in the studied parameters were 6.0, 12.3, 13.1, 13.1, and 22.1%, respectively. Together with probiotics WGO effectiveness increased in terms of the reduced TC level (1.9%), increased HDL concentration (8.2%), decreased LDL concentration (2.5%), reduced TG concentration (5.7%), and decreased AI (6.3%) for CTFO by 9.1, 26.1, 14.7, 24.1 and 31.2%, respectively. Thus, the dynamics of lipid metabolism indices objectively testifies to the positive effect of bioactive nutrients on human health indicators.

Serum Testosterone Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: To determine the serum testosterone levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with biochemical parameters of glycemic and lipid metabolism.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Diabetic outpatient department and Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital. Male type 2 diabetics (n=100) and age matched male (n=100) were included as cases and control for study purpose. Diagnosed cases of type 2 DM, male gender and 40 – 60 years of age were included in the study protocol. Physical examination of male type 2 diabetics was performed by a consultant physician. Sera were separated from blood and stored in refrigerators at – 200C. Blood glucose, A1C, and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc) were detected by standard laboratory methods. Serum testosterone was measured by ELISA (competitive immuno- assay) assay commercial kit. Data was entered in Statistical software SPSS 21.0 version (IBM, Incorp, USA) for statistical analysis (P≤0.05).&#x0D; Results: Mean±SD age of male type 2 diabetics was 53.2 ± 11.1 years compared to 54.5±10.4 years in control (P=0.056). Serum Testosterone in cases was 10.85±4.7 mmol/L compared to 13.39±3.8mmol/L in control (P=0.0001). Low testosterone level was noted in 46% male.Serum Testosterone shows inverse correlation with RBG (r= -0.31, P=0.003), A1C (r= -0.23, P=0.014), Cholesterol (r= -0.24, P=0.014), TAGs (r= --0.78, P=0.0001) and HDLc(r= -0.70, P=0.0001). Serum testosterone proved positively correlated with LDLc(r= 0.670, P=0.0001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study finds low serum testosterone in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in glycemic control, body weight management, lipid profiles and other biomarkers among obese type 2 diabetes patients initiated or switched to semaglutide from other GLP-1 receptor agonists

PurposeEvidence of the efficacy and safety of semaglutide among patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on or were switched to semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs remains limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of switching to semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on or were switched to semaglutide due to poor diabetes control with other GLP-1 RAs or other medications, or obesity. HbA1c, body weight, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, parameters of lipid metabolism, and parameters of liver function were measured before and 6 months after administration of semaglutide.ResultsA total of 50 patients were registered in the study. After switching to semaglutide (n = 43), HbA1c and body weight significantly decreased (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), respectively. The same findings were observed in semaglutide-naïve patients (p = 0.04, p < 0.02) (n = 7). Serum uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio decreased significantly as well (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, p = 0.02, p = 0.04), whereas serum creatinine did not change significantly (p = 0.51).ConclusionsSemaglutide showed excellent efficacy, even in patients switched from other GLP-1 RAs. Semaglutide appears to be a promising agent for blood glucose and body weight control in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and could be more potent in treating type 2 diabetes than existing GLP-1 RAs.

Питання терапії біліарної патології у дітей: вибір оптимального рішення

Актуальність. Захворювання гепатобіліарної системи — одна з найбільш поширених проблем педіатричної гастроентерології. Захворювання біліарного тракту (БТ) супроводжуються стійкими змінами обміну ліпідів, що сприяє тривалому холестазу і прогресуванню біліарної патології. Мета дослідження — вивчити ефективність застосування препарату Урсофальк® у комплексній терапії захворювань БТ і коморбідних станів у дітей. Матеріали та методи. У міському гастроентерологічному відділенні м. Харкова обстежено 55 дітей віком від 5 до 18 років (31 дівчинка та 24 хлопчика). Критерії включення пацієнтів у дослідження: захворювання БТ, що супроводжуються біліарним сладжем (БС) і порушенням ліпідного профілю (ЛП) сироватки крові. Діагностичний комплекс включав: аналіз клінічних даних, УЗД органів черевної порожнини, біохімічне дослідження сироватки крові («печінкові проби», ЛП). Усі діти отримували комплексне лікування з урахуванням коморбідної патології. Тривалість курсу терапії — 1 місяць. Пацієнти були розділені на дві групи залежно від жовчогінної терапії: 1-ша (основна) група отримувала традиційні жовчогінні засоби, 2-га (група порівняння) — препарат Урсофальк®. При статистичній обробці використані ліцензовані програмні продукти (Statistica, Excel). Результати. Клінічні прояви у дітей груп спостереження були представлені больовим і диспептичним синдромами. У всіх обстежених виявлено коморбідні стани і наявність БС до початку лікування. Після закінчення курсу лікування відзначалася позитивна динаміка клінічних симптомів, лабораторних показників і гомогенності структури жовчі. Застосування в комплексній терапії Урсофальку® дозволило повністю компенсувати відчуття тяжкості та іррадіацію болю, тоді як у дітей групи порівняння зберігалися больовий синдром, тяжкість у правому підребер’ї, диспептичні скарги. Слід зазначити, що застосування Урсофальку® дозволяє також нормалізувати структуру жовчі і біохімічні показники, що характеризують ліпідний обмін. Зареєстровано вірогідно (p &lt; 0,05) більш виражений ефект зменшення частоти порушень гомогенності жовчі в основній групі — на 65,5 % порівняно з групою порівняння — 27,3 %. Позитивна динаміка біохімічних показників при контрольному обстеженні відзначалася в обох групах пацієнтів, при цьому вірогідно (p &lt; 0,05) більш вираженими були зміни в групі дітей, які приймали Урсофальк®. Висновки. Застосування урсодезоксихолевої кислоти (УДХК) патогенетично обґрунтоване для корекції функціональних, метаболічних порушень при біліарній патології та коморбідних станах, що підтверджують результати спостереження. При призначенні Урсофальку® в комплексній терапії захворювань жовчовивідної системи у дітей відзначається швидка регресія і купіювання клінічних симптомів, нормалізація лабораторно-інструментальних показників. Урсофальк® є референтним препаратом УДХК. Наявність офіцінальної форми препарату Урсофальк® у спеціальній лікарській формі для дітей у вигляді суспензії дозволяє застосовувати УДХК в дитячому віці, починаючи з перших днів життя.

Bioactive Foods and Medicinal Plants for Cardiovascular Complications of Type II Diabetes: Current Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, not all patients are fully satisfied with the current available treatments. Medicinal plants have been globally investigated regarding their effect in CVD, yet the field is far from getting exhausted. The current paper aims to provide an evidence-based review on the clinically evaluated medicinal plants and their main therapeutic targets for the management of CVD in T2DM. Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from 2000 until November 2019, and related clinical studies were included. Lipid metabolism, glycemic status, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and anthropometric parameters are the key points regulated by medicinal plants in T2DM. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are the two most important mechanisms since inflammation and oxidative stress are the first steps triggering a domino of molecular pathological pathways leading to T2DM and, subsequently, CVD. Polyphenols with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, essential oil-derived compounds with vasorelaxant properties, and fibers with demonstrated effects on obesity are the main categories of phytochemicals beneficial for CVD of T2DM. Some medicinal plants such as garlic (Allium sativum) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum) have strong evidences regarding their beneficial effects; however, others have low level of evidence which reveals the need for further clinical studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to confirm the safety and efficacy of medicinal plants for the management of CVD in T2DM.

Micronutritional status after pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy: analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

Physical frailty and nutritional malassimilation are often observed after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. But long-term data concerning the course of micronutrient status is still missing. Micronutrient status after pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with a follow-up of 12 months was evaluated using data of a randomized controlled trial. 47 patients were randomized with respect to the physiotherapy regimen they received (intensified physiotherapy: n = 22; standard physiotherapy: n = 25). Nutritional status was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively after one week, 3, 6 and 12 months. BMI, body fat measurement and albumin, lipid, iron and bone metabolism parameters, vitamins A, B1 B6 and B12, homocysteine, folic acid, and trace elements were measured. Laboratory values were analyzed descriptively. Differences between the groups were analyzed using the t-test in SPSS. For vitamin D, B1, B6 and iron a deficiency over time could be demonstrated with 50% of all patients or more being below normal range. The other laboratory values were in low normal range after 3 months and later. Significant differences between groups were found in cholesterol, HDL and selenium levels (corrected p-values < 0.033 in all cases). Vitamin D and iron should be supplemented postoperatively in the long term, and vitamin B1 and B6 substitution should be considered in symptomatic patients. Levels of malnutrition induced fatigue should be comparable between both groups. However, the role of nutritional status on other health-related aspects such as quality of life should be the focus of further studies.Trial Registration Number in the German Registry for Clinical Studies: DRKS00006786; Date of Registration: 01.10.2014.

Effects of trans-anethole supplementation on serum lipid metabolism parameters, carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broiler chickens

This study investigated the effects of trans-anethole (TA) supplementation on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broilers. A total of 40 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments, respectively, fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg TA/kg diet for 42 d. 600 mg/kg of TA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) serum triglycerides (TG) on d 21 and d 42, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration on d 21, but increased (P < 0.01) serum HDL-C concentration on d 42. Dietary supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.01) the half chamber rate (HCR) and eviscerated rate (ER) of broilers. The drip loss (storing 24 and 48 h) and cooking loss of breast muscle in 600 mg/kg TA groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those in control group. The concentration of palmitoleic acid, daturic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-Linolenic acid, eicostrienoic acid, and pentosapentanoic acid (EPA), MUFA, and PUFA in the breast muscle were higher (P < 0.05) in the 600 mg/kg of TA group compared with other groups. Dietary inclusion of 600 mg/kg of TA also increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of Met, Thr, Asp, Ser, and Glu in breast muscle, tended to increase (P = 0.069) the Lys concentration. In conclusion, results indicated that TA inclusion improved the lipid metabolism, meat quality, fatty acid composition, and amino acid profile of breast muscle in broilers.

Lipid Metabolism Was Associated With Oocyte in vitro Maturation in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Undergoing Unstimulated Natural Cycle.

ObjectiveHyperlipidemia are common polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic dysfunctions and can adversely affect assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between lipid metabolism and ART outcomes in unstimulated natural cycles without the utilization of ovarian induction drugs, which is still uncertain.MethodsThis retrospective study included infertile women with PCOS between 21 and 40 years old undergoing unstimulated natural cycles from January 01, 2006 to December 31, 2019. Lipid metabolism was measured by body mass index (BMI) and serum biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C). ART outcomes were measured by number of oocytes retrieved, oocyte maturation quality and developmental potential, clinical pregnancy and live birth.ResultsA total of 586 patients were included in this study. Multivariate Poisson log-linear analysis showed that high TC (≥5.18 mmol/L), triglycerides (TG) (≥1.76 mmol/L), LDL-C (≥3.37 mmol/L) levelsand low HDL-C levels (≤1.04 mmol/L) were significantly (PTC = 0.001, PTG < 0.001, PHDL–C < 0.001, PLDL–C < 0.001) associated with increased number of oocytes retrieved. BMI was significantly negatively associated with maturation rate (P < 0.001), fertilization rate (P < 0.001) and transferrable embryo rate (P = 0.002). High TG levels and low HDL-C levels were also associated with decreased maturation rate (PTG < 0.001, PHDL–C = 0.026). Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant association between obesity (≥28.0 kg/m2) and decreased live birth rate (P = 0.004) as well as cumulative live birth rate (P = 0.007).ConclusionThis is the first study that focused on the relationship between basal lipid metabolism and ART outcomes in women with PCOS undergoing unstimulated natural cycles. The results showed that high levels of lipid metabolic parameters were associated with increased number of oocytes retrieved and obesity was closely associated with impaired oocyte maturation quality and developmental potential as well as poor live birth outcomes.

Hepatic Energy Metabolism Underlying Differential Lipidomic Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats

BackgroundLow-carbohydrate diets are suggested to exert metabolic benefits by reducing circulating triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations, possibly by enhancing mitochondrial activity. ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary carbohydrate and fat differentially affect hepatic and circulating TG, and how these mechanisms relate to fatty acid composition. MethodsSix-week-old, ∼300 g male Wistar rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat [HC; 61.3% of energy (E%) carbohydrate] or a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (HF; 63.5 E% fat) diet for 4 wk. Parameters of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function were measured in plasma and liver, with fatty acid composition (GC), high-energy phosphates (HPLC), carnitine metabolites (HPLC-MS/MS), and hepatic gene expression (qPCR) as main outcomes. ResultsIn HC-fed rats, plasma TG was double and hepatic TG 27% of that in HF-fed rats. The proportion of oleic acid (18:1n–9) was 60% higher after HF vs. HC feeding while the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1n–7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n–7), and estimated activities of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD-16 (16:1n–7/16:0), and de novo lipogenesis (16:0/18:2n–6) were 1.5–7.5-fold in HC vs. HF-fed rats. Accordingly, hepatic expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acaca/Acc) was strongly upregulated after HC feeding, accompanied with 8-fold higher FAS activity and doubled ACC activity. There were no differences in expression of liver-specific biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity (Cytc, Tfam, Cpt1, Cpt2, Ucp2, Hmgcs2); concentrations of ATP, AMP, and energy charge; plasma carnitine/acylcarnitine metabolites; or peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. ConclusionsIn male Wistar rats, dietary carbohydrate was converted into specific fatty acids via hepatic lipogenesis, contributing to higher plasma TG and total fatty acids compared with high-fat feeding. In contrast, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate feeding increased hepatic fatty acid content, without affecting hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.

Intensity of CD36 expression by monocyte subpopulations and blood lipid spectrum parameters in patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Introduction. At the current stage of the study of atherosclerosis, it has been established that chronic activation of innate immunity, causing persistent low-intensity sterile inflammation, plays a crucial role at all stages of atherogenesis. Laboratory evaluation of signaling pathways associated with molecular patterns (DAMPs) in atherosclerosis and related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Objective: to study the relationship between lipid metabolism parameters and CD36 exposure to circulating monocytes in patientwithout established CVD. Material and methods . The study included 42 patients aged 40–64 years without established atherosclerotic CVD, 19 (45.2 %) men and 23 (54.7 %) women. Dyslipidemia was detected in 95.2 % of patients. The blood serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine were determined with subsequent calculation of glomerular filtration rate. Phenotyping of circulating monocyte subpopulations was performed by flow cytometry on a Navios 6/2 device (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results and discussion . According to the results of correlation analysis, non-HDL cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with absolute ( r = –0.394; p = 0.013) and relative ( r = –0.432; p = 0.006) content of CD14 + CD16 ++ CD36 + TLR2 + monocytes. LDL cholesterol levels were also inversely correlated with the relative content of CD14 + CD16 + CD36 + TLR2 + monocytes ( r = –0.417; p = 0.018). According to correlation analysis, the level of non-HDL cholesterol inversely correlated with the intensity of CD36 expression on classical ( r = –0.650; p &lt; 0.0001), intermediate ( r = –0.323; p = 0.045) and non classical ( r = –0.480; p = 0.002) monocytes. Also, CD36 expression intensity on classical ( r = –0.449; p = 0.004) and non-classical ( r = –0.382; p = 0.016) monocytes was inversely correlated with remnant cholesterol levels. In addition, increased non-HLA cholesterol levels were associated with decreased TLR2 expression on CD14 + CD16 ++ monocytes ( r = –0.381; p = 0.018). It should be noted that a decrease in CD36 expression on intermediate monocytes was also associated with an increase in hs-CRP ( r = –0.657; p = 0.003). Conclusion . In patients without established atherosclerotic CVD, an increase in cholesterol content of atherogenic lipoprotein fractions was associated with a decrease in the number of CD14 + CD16 ++ and CD14 + CD16 + monocytes co-expressing CD36 and TLR2 as well as with a decrease in CD36 expression on classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes.