Abstract
The aim of the work is a comparative study of the effect of vegetable nutrients - wheat germ oil (WGO), flour from wheat germ cake (WGC), and animal - concentrated tissue fish oil, origin on lipid metabolism indicators of students and university teachers, as well as an assessment of the probiotic factor in increasing the effectiveness of the target biologically active substances. The data obtained confirm the relation between the nutritional sufficiency of the body and the increase in lipid metabolism effectiveness and atherosclerosis risk reduction in students and teachers of an engineering university with the daily use of bioactive nutrients: WGO, WGCF, CTFO and their combinations with the biomass of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria consortium. The lipid metabolism was evaluated based on the analysis of indicators of the total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI). The values of these indicators were recorded before and after daily consuming the study foods for 30 days. The data obtained were analyzed for 3 age groups: 16 – 24, 25 – 44, and 45 – 65. It was found that WGO has the most effective antiatherosclerotic effect; the decrease in the TC level was 6.4%, the increase in the HDL concentration was 13.7%, the decrease in the LDL concentration was 11.3%, the decrease in the TG concentration was 17.1%, and the AI decreased by 22.6%, respectively. With WGCF, the changes in the studied parameters were 6.0, 12.3, 13.1, 13.1, and 22.1%, respectively. Together with probiotics WGO effectiveness increased in terms of the reduced TC level (1.9%), increased HDL concentration (8.2%), decreased LDL concentration (2.5%), reduced TG concentration (5.7%), and decreased AI (6.3%) for CTFO by 9.1, 26.1, 14.7, 24.1 and 31.2%, respectively. Thus, the dynamics of lipid metabolism indices objectively testifies to the positive effect of bioactive nutrients on human health indicators.
Highlights
The need for timely diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, interpretation of changes in the blood lipid profiles, and effective correction of disorders is beyond dispute
Analysis of lipid metabolism indicators for three age groups before the start of the experiment showed that the total cholesterol (TC) level in the first two groups of the surveyed participants was within the borderline level – 5.03 mmol/l; in the third group, it exceeded the norm: 5.82 mmol/l
As a result of the reception wheat germ oil (WGO) and Concentrated tissue fish oil (CTFO) in the first age group, the outcomes demonstrated a decrease in the TC level, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentration, TG level, and atherogenic index (AI) values by 9.2, 9.6, 23.1, 27.8%, respectively, and an increase in the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration by 18.2%
Summary
The need for timely diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, interpretation of changes in the blood lipid profiles, and effective correction of disorders is beyond dispute. In this regard, it is relevant to search for and assess alimentary factors that provide energy needs of the body utmost normalize its functional state, and implement non-drug methods for correcting lipid metabolism disorders (Arabidze and Tebloev, 2008; Popov et al, 2016; Bouillon and Antonio, 2020; Longo, Ferrari and Zocchi, 2017; Mohammed Farugue, 2018). In addition to lowering the LDL levels, policosanol has been found to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, protect HDL from the damaging effects of free radicals, and inhibit excessive platelet aggregation (Arruzazabala and Carbajal, 2012; Arruzazabala, Valdes and Mas, 2013; Canetti, Morera, and Illnait, 2012; Carbajal, Arruzazabala and Mas, 2012)
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