Blood Lipid Levels Research Articles

Status of sleeping habits and its influence on growth and metabolism of children in Beijing: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundSleep disturbances are associated with poor health outcomes in children. However, the sleep problems that occur in children’s growth and metabolism need to be further studied. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sleep habits on the growth and metabolism in school-aged children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 5832 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from 10 primary and secondary schools in a district in Beijing between 2022 and 2023. Children’s sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Body composition, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and blood lipid levels were assessed.ResultsGirls had a greater rate of sleep anxiety, while boys had a greater rate of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) across all age groups. Linear regression analysis showed that poor sleep habits were negatively correlated with height for age (HAZ) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = −0.111 and − 0.459, respectively; p < 0.05). SDB was significantly associated with BMI, fat mass percentage (FMP), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), SBP, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) across all age groups (p < 0.05), while SDB was positively correlated with HAZ only in children aged 6–11 years (β = 0.240, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient sleep was associated with FMP, WHtR, and overweight/obesity in children aged 6–11 years (p < 0.05). SDB was a risk factor for hypertension in children aged 12–18 years (OR = 1.847, p < 0.05).ConclusionsEvaluating the multiple aspects of childhood sleep habits is crucial for improving sleep-related children’s growth and metabolism. Age differences in sleep-related growth and cardiometabolic abnormalities should be considered in preventive interventions. Our study provides new insights into age differences in the influence of sleep habits on the growth and metabolism of children.

The diagnostic value of the combined application of blood lipid metabolism markers and interleukin-6 in osteoporosis and osteopenia

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyse the relationship of the blood lipid profile and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with osteoporosis and osteopenia and to explore the predictive value of the combined application of these biomarkers in osteoporosis and osteopenia.MethodsData from 276 patients treated in the orthopaedics department were retrospectively analysed. Their general information was collected, and the relationships among the blood lipid profile, IL-6 with bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were analysed. Patients were categorized based on their T scores for intergroup comparisons. Finally, the diagnostic efficiency of lipid metabolism markers and IL-6 for osteoporosis and osteopenia was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results(1) In both males and females, a negative relationship was observed between BMD and several biomarkers, including total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFAs), and IL-6. Additionally, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was negatively correlated with BMD only in females, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was positively correlated with BMD only in males. (2) FFAs and IL-6 were positively correlated with β-CrossLaps peptide in males. However, for females, TC, ApoB, LDL-C, and IL-6 were negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D. FFAs, IL-6, and age were negatively correlated with osteocalcin in males and females. (3) According to the T scores for the lumbar spine, the TC, ApoA1, ApoB, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, and IL-6 levels in the osteoporosis group and the TC, ApoB, LDL-C, and FFA levels in the osteopenia group were significantly greater than those in the normal bone mass group. Additionally, the osteoporosis group presented substantially higher levels of ApoA1, FFAs, and IL-6 than the osteopenia group. (4) IL-6 was positively correlated with FFAs, while a negative correlation was observed with TC, ApoA1, ApoB, HDL-C, and LDL-C. (5) The ROC curve revealed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for predicting osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.634, 0.713, 0.670, 0.628, and 0.516, respectively, whereas the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and ApoA1 was 0.846, and the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.842. In the sex stratification analysis, in males, the AUCs of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for the prediction of osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.596, 0.688, 0.739, and 0.539, respectively. In contrast, the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.838. In females, the AUCs of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio for predicting osteoporosis or osteopenia were 0.620, 0.728, 0.653, 0.611, and 0.502, respectively, whereas the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and ApoA1 was 0.841, and the AUC of the combination of TC, FFAs, IL-6, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio was 0.828.ConclusionThe levels of TC, FFAs, IL-6, ApoA1, and ApoB could contribute to changes in bone metabolism, moreover, FFAs could induce an increase in IL-6 further aggravating bone mass loss and leading to osteoporosis. Based on the comparison of the AUC results, the combination of TC, FFAs, and IL-6 with ApoA1 or the ApoA1/ApoB ratio can better predict osteoporosis or osteopenia in patients, and the diagnostic efficiency is significantly better than that of any individual indicator. The regulation of blood lipid levels should become a new target for clinicians to treat osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Study on the Mechanism of the Leaves of Dimocarpus longan Lour. in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes based on Metabolomics.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. The leaves of Dimocarpus longan Lour. (LYY), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Guangxi national characteristics often used in simple recipes to treat DM has attracted increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of LYY in diabetic rats from a metabolomic perspective. The type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rat model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSFD) combined with 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). After oral administration of LYY (10.7 g/kg) for 28 d, their weight, fasted blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid levels, and inflammatory factors were assessed. The feces, urine, and serum samples of the rats were collected, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) technology was used to explore the changes in the sample's metabolism spectrum and analyze the relevant targeted metabolic pathways. Compared with the diabetes group, LYY rats significantly delayed the reduction of body weight and decreased the FBG level (P <0.01); the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), IL-6, and TNF-α in serum significantly reduced (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased (P < 0.01). 2 candidate biomarkers were identified from feces samples, and 4 associated metabolic pathways were discovered. 13 potential biomarkers were screened from urine samples, leading to the identification of 16 related metabolic pathways. Similarly, 5 potential biomarkers were screened from serum samples, and 11 related metabolic pathways were found. LYY can regulate the metabolic disorder caused by T2DM by regulating amino acid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which provides a specific reference for the clinical treatment of T2DM.

Blood-brain barrier integrity disruption is associated with both chronic vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities.

Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus are increasingly linked to cognitive decline and dementia, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are closely associated with cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms behind their development remain unclear. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be a key factor, particularly in cSVD. This study explores the relationship between CRFs, BBB integrity, and WMH burden. The study included 155 participants from the Biomarkers and Cognition Study, Singapore (BIOCIS). CRFs were assessed through blood tests for glucose and lipid profiles, and blood pressure measurements. WMH volumes were quantified using MRI. BBB integrity was evaluated using a Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) assay with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMEC) exposed to participant plasma. Plasma from individuals with a higher WMH burden was associated with increased BBB disruption in hBMEC. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as body mass index, were correlated with greater BBB disruption. Regression analyses revealed that elevated blood glucose and lipid levels were linked to increased BBB disruption. Both periventricular and subcortical WMH burdens were associated with increased BBB disruption. This study highlights a relationship between CRFs, BBB disruption, and WMH burden, suggesting that CRFs may impair BBB integrity and contribute to WMH and cognitive decline in cSVD.

Body mass index is similar to alternative anthropometric indices in evaluating plasma lipids as proxy for cardiovascular disease in women with previous hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A cross-sectional study.

Women with previous hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overweight is a modifiable risk factor for both conditions. Anthropometric indices such as waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, estimated total body fat, a body shape index, waist-to-hip-to-height ratio, and index of central obesity improve estimation of cardiovascular death risk in the general population as compared to body mass index (BMI). We aimed to assess whether alternative body mass composition indices associate more strongly with postpartum blood lipid levels, as a proxy for CVD risk, than BMI. We also aimed to investigate whether associations differ between women with previous normotensive or hypertensive index pregnancies. In this cross-sectional study, we examined 296 women 1 or 3 years after an index pregnancy that was normotensive (n = 116) or complicated by a hypertensive pregnancy disorder, including preeclampsia (n = 133) or gestational hypertension (n = 47). Uni- and multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for age and smoking, were conducted to evaluate associations between postpartum body mass composition indices and blood lipids. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median BMI and overweight rates were higher in women with previous HDP than in controls (23.9 kg/m2 versus 22.8 kg/m2 and 44.4% versus 30.2%, both p ⩽ 0.03). No body mass composition indices in any pregnancy complication group showed stronger associations with adverse lipid levels than BMI. However, women with previous HDP more often displayed significant associations between adverse body mass composition indices and adverse lipid levels, compared with controls. Alternative anthropometric measurements are not better suited to evaluate circulating lipids as proxy for CVD risk after HDP, compared to BMI. We hence recommend using BMI in CVD risk assessment after HDP due to its current widespread use and feasibility.

Lipoprotein(a) and the risk of type I cardiorenal syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease: A retrospective clinical study

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the correlation between lipoprotein(a) (Lp-a) and coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated by type I cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with CAD admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Shaoxing Central Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022, with chief complaints of “chest distress and dyspnea.” Patient demographic data, biochemical indicators (including blood lipid levels and serum creatinine), cardiac function markers (such as pro-brain natriuretic peptide, pro-BNP), echocardiography, and coronary angiography results were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR): the CRS group (e-GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and the simple heart failure group (SHF group, e-GFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). A comparative analysis of baseline characteristics, lipid profiles, ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial size (LA), end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVSd), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) between the two groups was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp-a) levels and the occurrence of CRS. ResultsA total of 269 patients were included, comprising 149 males and 120 females with an average age of 76.0 ± 11.4 years. Significant differences were observed between the CRS and SHF groups in terms of age, history of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, serum triglycerides, Lp-a, and creatinine (all P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed an inverse relationship between Lp-a and e-GFR (r = -0.588, P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that Lp-a (OR = 1.980, 95 % CI: 1.269–2.992, P = 0.027) and age (OR = 1.584, 95 % CI: 0.955–1.913, P = 0.006) were positively associated with the development of CRS. ConclusionSerum Lp-a levels are positively correlated with the occurrence of CRS, potentially serving as an independent risk factor for CRS.

A Randomized Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with HFmrEF

This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba combined with Nicorandil in patients with heart failure who have a mild decrease in ejection fraction (HFmrEF).A total of 316 patients with HFmrEF were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group or a combination of the Ginkgo biloba and Nicorandil group, each group consisting of 158 patients. The control group received standard secondary preventive treatment, while patients in the combination group received oral Ginkgo biloba and Nicorandil based on stable conventional treatment. Both groups were treated continuously for six months. The age, sex, body mass index (BMI), New York Heart Association cardiac function classification, history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), heart rate, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and combined drug use of the patients in the two groups were recorded. The efficacy endpoints were BMI, heart rate, blood lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, renal function, HbA1c, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), LVEF, cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score after six months of treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups was recorded.After six months of treatment, the BMI, heart rate, NT-proBNP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels of patients in the Ginkgo biloba combined with Nicorandil group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The LVEF, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, VO2peak, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, 6MWD, and KCCQ scores were higher in the Ginkgo biloba combined with Nicorandil group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05) in the incidence of hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, headache, and hospitalization due to worsening heart failure.Ginkgo biloba combined with Nicorandil can effectively improve heart function, blood lipid levels, blood glucose levels, renal function, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life in patients with HFmrEF. Because there were no significant adverse reactions, they can be safely used.

Chrysanthemum extract mitigates high-fat diet-induced inflammation, intestinal barrier damage and gut microbiota disorder.

An effective intervention for obesity without side effects is needed. Chrysanthemum may be the preferred choice due to its influence in the improvement of glycolipid metabolism. This study assessed the efficacy of chrysanthemum and its flavonoids in mitigating high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, focusing on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 5 groups randomly: normal control (NC), HFD, HFD with chrysanthemum aqueous extract (CM), HFD with a low-dose flavonoid extract of chrysanthemum (FLL), and HFD with a high-dose flavonoid extract of chrysanthemum (FLH). The results showed that after 9 weeks of intervention with CM, FLL and FLH, the body weight and blood lipid levels of mice were reduced. The chrysanthemum treatment regimens down-regulated the gene expression and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6 and NF-κB, upregulated the gene expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin, and decreased the levels of LPS and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum. With CM, FLL and FLH, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were decreased, and the abundance of pernicious bacteria Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus and Enterococcus was decreased. Notably, the purified chrysanthemum flavonoid extract showed greater effects as compared to the CM. The study demonstrated that chrysanthemum extracts could achieve anti-obesity effects by strengthening the intestinal barrier function, relieving inflammation and modulating the gut microbial composition.

Effects of lipoic acid on production performance, meat quality, serum biochemistry and antioxidant function in heat-stressed broilers.

This study was aim to investigate the effects of lipoic acid (ALA) on performance, meat quality, serum biochemistry and antioxidant function of broilers under heat stress (HS). Two hundred1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into four treatment groups and each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 10 broilers each. The treatment group adopts a 2 × 2 two-factor setting, which is divided into two diets (basic diet or 250mg/kg ALA diet) and two temperatures (24 ± 1℃ or 33 ± 1℃). Starting from the 28th day of age, broilers are kept at room temperature (24 ± 1℃) or exposed to cyclic HS (33 ± 1℃ from 8:00 am to 18:00, 24 ± 1℃ from 18:00 to 8:00 am). HS significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). However, HS increased breast meat pH, serum uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Dietary ALA significantly decreased leg meat shear force and water loss rate, serum total bilirubin(T-BIL), UA, triglyceride (TG) and MDA of broilers. However, it increased daily gain (ADG), serum D-BIL and T-SOD. There is a significant interaction between temperature and additives. HS can destroy the balance of the oxidation-antioxidant system, and lead to damage to liver and kidney function and confusion energy metabolism. Dietary ALA improves the antioxidant capacity of broilers, reduces the level of blood lipids and liver and kidney metabolism, and increases the daily gain of heat-stressed broilers.

P-39 A LATE ONSET CASE OF CHYLOMICRON RETENTION DISEASE

Abstract Introduction Chylomicron retention disease (CRD) is an uncommon genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SAR1B gene, which encodes the Sar1b protein. Sar1b plays a role in transporting chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Often diagnosed in the early stages of life, CRD typically presents with failure to thrive, gastrointestinal symptoms and malabsorption of fat, which leads to secondary clinical conditions such as hepatomegaly, neuromuscular disorders, hypolipidemia and deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Clinical Case A 56-year-old male patient was referred to our endocrinology outpatient clinic with low blood lipid levels. He expressed pain on his hands and feet. He also described vomiting after fat-rich meals since his childhood. He had no history of smoking or alcohol consumption. His father had diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and his uncle had coronary artery disease. His physical examination was normal besides a peripheral sensorial neuropathy. His laboratory findings showed hypolipidemia and hypochromic microcytic anemia, alongside with vitamin B12, vitamin D and iron deficiency (Table 1). An abdominal ultrasonography was performed, the dimensions of both the liver and the spleen was normal, though a grade 1 hepatosteatosis was observed. An electromyelography was performed and the findings were compatible with axonal polyneuropathy. The patient was referred to the department of genetics for evaluation of familial lipid disorders. A genetic analysis was performed, and the analysis revealed a likely pathogenic heterozygous mutation in the NM_016103.4 c.243dupA p.A82fs*35 area of the SAR1B gene. The patient was diagnosed with chylomicron retention disease. He was referred to a dietetician for a low-fat diet. A bone mineral density scan was planned and oral vitamin D treatment was initiated, alongside with oral iron and vitamin B12 treatment. The patient was also referred to departments of neurology, ophtalmology and cardiology for possible systemic involvement. He was also referred to gastroenterology for endoscopic and colonoscopic scanning. Moreover, his close relatives were advised to be evaluated for CRD. Later on, one of his grandchildren was diagnosed with CRD and is currently under treatment in another institution. Conclusion Though rarely diagnosed during adulthood, CRD should still be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with hypolipidemia; especially in cases with vitamin deficiencies. Gastrointestinal symptoms often encountered during childhood may be absent or vague in adulthood, but careful systemic assessment and physical examination gives valuable clues in the diagnosis of CRD, alongside with appropriate laboratory and genetic analysis. Once diagnosed, other family members, especially children, of CRD patients should also be evaluated about this rare genetic disease. Financial disclosures: None Funding resources: NoneTable 1:Laboratory findings of the patient

Efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis in hyperlipidemia acute pancreatitis: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundThis study examines the role and effectiveness of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in managing hyperlipidemiclipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP).MethodsComparative analysis was conducted between two groups: one treated with DFPP and one without. Comparative parameters included blood lipid levels, inflammatory factors, vital signs, disease severity scores, and complication rates.ResultsA total of 97 HLAP patients were included in the study. Within-group analysis revealed significant pre- and post-treatment changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (N%), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), mean arterial pressure (MAP), bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores in the DFPP group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the without DFPP group showed significant changes in TC, TG, LDL-C, WBC, N%, SII, systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), panimmune-inflammation value (PIV), respiration rate (RR), and APACHE II scores (P < 0.05). Significant differences in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and RR were found between the DFPP and without DFPP groups (P < 0.05). The DFPP group exhibited greater reductions in TG levels and more individual variability. In terms of complications, the rate of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) differed significantly between the groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDFPP can significantly improve short-term outcomes, reduce lipid levels, and reduce the incidence of complications such as SIRS in HLAP patients compared with those not receiving DFPP treatment. The clinical utility of DFPP is considerable, and further exploration and implementation of this method are warranted.

Metrnl plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism

An imbalance in the metabolism of glycolipids largely causes numerous metabolic diseases that negatively affect human health. Metrnl plays an important role in glycolipid metabolism and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms. However, the expression level of Metrnl in diseases related to glycolipid metabolism remains controversial. Metrnl can increase the utilization of glucose by tissue cells in glucose metabolism and reduce the adverse effects of a high-glucose environment on the body; in lipid metabolism, it can affect the composition and level of blood lipids, reduce the accumulation of fat, and promote the browning of white fat. The clinical efficacy of exogenously administered recombinant Metrnl needs to be further investigated and verified. This review presents an overview of Metrnl, emphasizing its role in glycolipid metabolism and its association with related diseases. It offers a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of glycolipid metabolism-related conditions.

Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Hyperlipidemia Risk in IRAN; A Repeated Cross- Sectional Analysis

Introduction: The incidence of hyperlipidemia in Iran is on a consistent rise, potentially contributing significantly to increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and other health complications linked to elevated blood lipid levels. This study employs hierarchical Bayesian model to assess the heightened lipid risk on a broader scale across Iran's provinces. Methods: This study included individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia from all provinces of Iran in 2019. The primary focus of the investigation included essential variables such as the mean age, gender distribution, and the documented incidence of hyperlipidemia cases in each province. Population data, stratified by province, age group, and gender, were sourced from the Iranian Statistics Center database. The analysis employed the Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) model, with parameter estimation executed through the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. Results: In this investigation, the prevalence and spatial distribution of hyperlipidemia were explored within a diverse population of 1,609,538 patients across various regions in Iran. The relative risk of hyperlipidemia surpassed 1 in 16% of Iranian provinces (Posterior probability [PP] &gt; 0.8), with a calculated 95% Confidence interval (CI) of 0.304 to 0.879. The overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia was determined to be 0.815. Significant heterogeneity in hyperlipidemia was identified among different provinces, with Tehran exhibiting the highest relative risk (RR=1.701; 95% CrI: 1.69, 1.713). Notably, gender (RR=1.008; CI: 1.007, 1.009 for males and RR=1.005;CI: 1.003, 1.007 for females) and age were not found to have a statistically significant effect on the relative risk of the disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study sheds light on the spatial dynamics of hyperlipidemia in Iran. 16% of provinces displayed a heightened relative risk, emphasizing the need for targeted public health strategies.

Effects of Enterococcus faecalis Supplementation on Growth Performance, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and mRNA Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes and Intestinal Flora in Geese.

The effects of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, and mRNA expression related to lipid metabolism, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora were investigated in geese. A total of 60 male geese, aged 30 days and of similar weight, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Each group was divided into six replicates, with five geese per replicate. During the 45-day experiment, the control group received a basal diet, while the experimental group was provided with the same basal diet supplemented with E. faecalis in drinking water at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL. E. faecalis significantly increased the half-eviscerated weight of geese and improved ileal intestinal morphology (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced on day 5, while serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly decreased on day 25 (p < 0.05). By day 45, serum TG and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Additionally, E. faecalis significantly increased the HDL/LDL ratio and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p < 0.05). Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated on day 25, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were significantly increased on day 45 (p < 0.05). On day 25 of the trial, hepatic TG levels, FFA levels, and Oil Red O-stained areas in the liver were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), accompanied by significantly decreased mRNA expression of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCA) (p < 0.05). Conversely, the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). A 16S rRNA diversity analysis of ileal contents on day 25 revealed significant differences in intestinal flora composition between the control and E. faecalis groups. The 16S rRNA data demonstrated a strong correlation between microbial communities and lipid-related physiological and biochemical indicators (p < 0.05). In conclusion, E. faecalis supplementation promoted fatty acid oxidation, reduced blood lipid levels, alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved ileal morphology and intestinal flora diversity, thereby enhancing growth performance and lipid metabolism in geese. These findings suggest that E. faecalis is a promising probiotic candidate for development as a feed additive.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum vitamin D and continuous metabolic syndrome score among children and adolescents: roles of levels of inflammation in peripheral blood

BackgroundSerum vitamin D deficiency is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, however, evidence on its association with continuous metabolic risk in children and adolescents remains insufficient. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and continuous metabolic risk.MethodsThe cross-sectional analysis involved 4490 participants aged 6 ~ 18, and the longitudinal investigation included 1398 individuals aged 6 ~ 12 years. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Continuous Metabolic syndrome risk score (CMSRS), incorporating waist, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and glucose metabolism as four components, utilizes age- and gender-specific Z scores to evaluate metabolic risk. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to visualize dose–response relationships and generalized linear models (GLM) were used to estimate potential associations. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of levels of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).ResultsThe RCS indicated a negative linear association between serum 25(OH)D levels and CMSRS (P-overall = 0.0066, P-nonlinear = 0.1393). GLM revealed that compared to Q1, with the quartiles of serum 25(OH)D concentrations increase, the β value ranged from 0.028 (95% CI: − 0.093, 0.037) to 0.001(95%CI: − 0.067, 0.069), and then to -0.074 (95%CI: -0.146, -0.003, P for trend = 0.0659). For every 10 ng/mL increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration corresponded to the β value change -0.058 (95%CI: -0.098, -0.017). This association was more pronounced in younger or overweight/obese individuals. Furthermore, in the longitudinal study, as the baseline quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentration increased, the estimated change of subsequent CMSRS indicated a decreasing trend, ranging from -0.085 (95%CI: -0.203, 0.032) to -0.166 (95%CI: − 0.285, − 0.046), and then to − 0.174 (95%CI: − 0.296, -0.053, P for trend = 0.0031). The mediating proportion of levels of NLR was 7.2%.ConclusionsHigher serum 25(OH)D concentration is significantly associated with reduced CMSRS in children and adolescents, and adequate serum vitamin D levels play a prominent role in preventing long-term metabolic disorders, partly meditating by inflammation in peripheral blood.

Clinical Value of Renal Function Markers Combined with Blood Lipid Levels during Late Pregnancy to Predict Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a common complication of pregnancy and there is currently a lack of valuable diagnostic and predictive methods for it. This study aimed to explore the association between renal function markers, blood lipid levels in late pregnancy and PE, then assess the combined predictive value for PE. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study that selected 263 eligible patients in late pregnancy diagnosed with PE as the case group and 264 healthy parturients as the control group. All participants were hospitalized from January 2021 to December 2023. The levels of serum renal function [creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA) and urea] and blood lipid [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] were compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between these indicators and PE. Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of them for PE. p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the PE group had significantly higher levels of TG, Cr, UA, and urea than the control group [3.56 (3.01–4.38) mmol/L vs. 2.98 (2.50–3.42) mmol/L, 54.00 (47.00–62.00) μmol/L vs. 46.00 (42.00–51.00) μmol/L, 367.00 (305.50–425.00) μmol/L vs. 278.00 (244.00–306.00) μmol/L, 3.50 (2.75–4.40) mmol/L vs. 2.90 (2.60–3.55) mmol/L respectively]. Multivariable analysis showed that the serum TG [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.827 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.277–2.615)], Cr [AOR = 1.066 (95% CI = 1.028–1.106)] and UA [AOR = 1.016 (95% CI = 1.011–1.022)] were risk factors for PE (p &lt; 0.001). ROC curves revealed that areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.703 (95% CI = 0.658–0.747), 0.734 (95% CI = 0.691–0.777) and 0.822 (95% CI = 0.786–0.857) respectively. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combination of TG, Cr and UA were 0.864 (95% CI = 0.833–0.896), 76.4%, and 84.8%. Conclusions: The increased levels of serum TG, Cr and UA imply greater possibility of PE, thus they are considered as the risk factors. And their combination has a certain predictive value for PE, which may offer a fresh, convenient and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment of PE.

Tianxiangdan suppresses foam cell formation by enhancing lipophagy and reduces the progression of atherosclerosis.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of Tianxiangdan (TXD) on lipophagy in foam cells and its underlying mechanism in treating atherosclerosis, particularly focusing on its efficacy in lowering blood lipids. In vivo, ApoE-/- atherosclerosis mouse models were established for group intervention. Blood lipid levels of the mice were measured, lipid deposition and autophagy levels in atherosclerotic plaques were assessed, and co-localization of lipid droplets and autophagosomes was examined. In vitro, human THP-1 cells were induced into macrophages and then transformed into foam cells using ox-LDL induction. Different intervention groups were established. Total cellular cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), and autophagy levels were assessed, while the morphology and distribution of lipid droplets and autophagosomes in cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, TFEB, LC3II/I, ULK1, ABCA1, and p62. TXD effectively lowers blood lipid levels in ApoE-/- atherosclerotic mice, enhances lipophagy, and reduces lipid accumulation in foam cells and arterial lipid plaques. It achieves this by suppressing the expression of p85, Akt, and mTOR, while activating downstream autophagy signals such as TFEB, LC3II/I, and ULK1. Additionally, TXD reduces the expression of p62 and enhances the expression of the cholesterol transport molecule ABCA1. Our findings indicate that TXD activates lipophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to a reduction in lipid deposition within foam cells and plaques, thereby mitigating atherosclerosis.

The mediating role of maternal fasting plasma glucose level and lipid levels in the third trimester of pregnancy between pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring physical development at birth.

The findings of the study indicate that pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with offspring's physical development at birth, with the overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI group having an increased risk of macrosomia. The most effective prediction for macrosomia comes from a combination of BMI, FPG, TG, and HDL-C levels. Moreover, the influence of pre-pregnancy BMI on offspring's physical development is partially mediated by FPG, TG, and HDL-C. • Previous research has established correlations between pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring's physical development. • Previous studies have demonstrated that late pregnancy blood lipid and glucose levels significantly predict fetal physical development. • The combination of pre-pregnancy BMI, FPG, TG, and HDL-C is the most effective predictor of macrosomia. • FPG, TG, and HDL-C jointly mediate the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on physical growth.

Lactobacillus fermentum KP101 fermentation broth improves high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by modulation of liver lipid metabolism and intestinal flora dysbiosis

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a primary chronic liver ailment around the world, posing a significant threat to human health. Probiotics, living microorganisms that enhance intestinal flora equilibrium and mitigate blood lipid levels. This study aimed to identify probiotics with excellent antioxidant capacity from naturally fermented foods, and investigate their potential mechanisms in relieving high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver injury and modulating intestinal flora balance. These findings fundamentally benefit the advancement of functional probiotic foods. Lactobacillus fermentum KP101, isolated from kimchi, was evaluated for its antioxidant activity. Assessment of HFD-induced liver injury was based on the biochemical markers, protein expression levels, and liver histopathology. L. fermentum KP101 remarkably reduced mice serum and liver levels of TC, TG, LDL, ALT, and AST. L. fermentum KP101 intervention effectively modulated HFD-induced dyslipidemia and activated the AMPK signalling pathway to alleviate liver injury. Specifically, the protein expression levels of SREBP-1 and p-ACC presented an obvious reduction, while the expression of p-AMPK and PPARα was notably increased following L. fermentum KP101 treatment. Moreover, L. fermentum KP101 effectively mitigated intestinal flora dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. In summary, L. fermentum KP101 demonstrated efficacy in improving hyperlipidemia and liver metabolic disorders in mice with HFD-induced conditions.

Comparative study on blood pressure and metabolic improvements in hypertensive patients using copper bianstone scraping.

To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination hypertension dietary therapy program by comparing and analyzing the improvement of blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose in hypertensive patients who received copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination hypertension dietary therapy intervention. We selected 160 cases of hypertensive patients from July 2022 to March 2024 for the study. They were divided into 80 cases in the comparison group and 80 cases in the observation group according to whether or not they underwent copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified dietary therapy for termination of hypertension. In the comparison group, conventional Chinese dietary therapy with improved termination of hypertension was used, and in the observation group, copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese dietary therapy with improved termination of hypertension (DASH) was used on the basis of the comparison group. Differences in vitamin D, Homocysteine and serum calcium levels, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels were compared between the 2 groups. The decreases of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in the observation group were greater than those in the comparison group; the decreases of blood pressure and BMI in the observation group were greater than those in the comparison group. The difference in comparison was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). After the intervention, the improvement of homocysteine, vitamin D, serum calcium, albumin, hemoglobin and transferrin in the observation group was greater than that in the comparison group, and the difference was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Copper bianstone scraping combined with Chinese modified termination of hypertension dietary therapy in hypertensive patients has a better effect, can effectively improve the patient's blood glucose and lipid levels, improve the nutritional status of the patient, can be promoted in the rehabilitation management of hypertension.