Serum Lipid Fractions Research Articles

Ameliorating Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed and Peel Extracts with Selenium on Ochratoxin-A Exposed Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Background and AimDrug-induced nephrotoxicity is extensively documented as the initial stage of kidney disease that particularly results in acute renal injury and chronic renal dysfunction. The single and combined effect of grape peel extract (GPE), grape seed extracts (GSE) and selenium (Sel) were investigated in current study for controlling of renal injury induced by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) in male rats. MethodsForty nine male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 10 g were injected with OTA (0.5 mg/kg bw) to induce nephrotoxicity, then treated with singleand combined applications of GSE, GPE and Sel. In addition, the OTA induced nephrotoxicity rats were screened for various biological and physiological parameters like food ingestion, body weight gain, liver weight, serum kidney biomarkers, serum lipid fractions, enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation indicators and histopathological studies. ResultsOur findings suggested that the combination of GSE 2 % and Sel (50–50) treatment reduced renal dysfunction in OTA-induced rats by significantly lowering lipid peroxidation indicators, lipid and kidneys profiles and enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants biomarkers followed by GSE 2 % then Selenium (0.4 mg/kg) in OTA. Histological analysis of the kidney revealed more severe renal tubule degeneration in OTA-induced rats, While GSE and GPE combonation showed only moderate glomerular tuft enlargement and minimal renal tubule deterioration. Furthermore, the combination of GSE 2 %+Sel (50–50) revealed normal histological structure. ConclusionsGrape seed extracts along with selenium mightbe used as dietary supplements to reduce renal toxicity induced by chemicals or compounds that cause nephrotoxicity.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Longitudinal Analysis in the PROMISE Cohort

Abstract Objectives Although preclinical studies have shown a beneficial impact of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, the current literature from human studies is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal associations of circulating levels of n-3 PUFAs with biomarkers of AT inflammation. Methods Longitudinal data from participants in the PROMISE cohort (n = 474) were used. AT inflammation was measured using circulating biomarkers at baseline and up to 2 follow-up visits. n-3 PUFAs were measured at baseline in 4 serum lipid fractions. Generalized estimating equations analyses evaluated longitudinal associations between n-3 PUFAs and AT inflammation, adjusting for covariates. Results Fully adjusted generalized estimating equation models indicated that higher baseline proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in total serum were significantly inversely associated with longitudinal change in soluble CD163 (all P < .05). A significant positive association of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with longitudinal change in adiponectin (P < .05) was also observed. Generally consistent associations were observed between n-3 PUFAs and soluble CD163 and adiponectin in the four lipid fractions. Conclusion These findings will add to the limited evidence on the potential role n-3 PUFAs have in the prevention and management of AT inflammation in humans and may help inform future interventions targeting chronic inflammation at the level of AT.

Correlations Between the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Serum Lipid Fractions With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction Age-related macular degeneration, a chronic and progressive disease, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally among the elderly population. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, including the presence of lipid metabolism alteration. Dysfunctional lipid handling within retinal pigment epithelial cells has been implicated in the accumulation of lipofuscin and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, all contributing to retinal degeneration. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the serum lipid fractiondistributions in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and December 2023 on 91 naïve patients with neovascular AMD and 90 controlsadmitted for routine cataract surgery. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological exam, including ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with central macular thickness (CMT) measurement. A complete blood count with differential and lipid fractions values was analyzed. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were comparatively analyzed between the control group and the test group. Results The groups were comparable in terms of age (73.84 ±7.52 years for the neovascular AMD group vs 72.1±10.92 years in controls; p=0.8) and gender distribution (p=0.243). The mean NLR and PLR values were slightly higher in the AMD groupbut not statistically significant (p=0.51, p>0.99, respectively). Comparative analysis of lipid profile fractions showed significantly higher HDL-C values in the exudative AMD group compared to normal subjects (61.27±19.4 mg/dL vs 50.99±7.86 mg/dL, p=0.006). Also, the proportion of subjects with HDL-C>60 mg/dL was higher in the exudative AMD group (p=0.014). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (189.77±53.39 mg/dL vs 190.43±37.84 mg/dL, p=0.681), LDL-C, and TG. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C and HDL-C values >60 mg/dL are significantly associated factors with neovascular AMD. However, there is no statistical correlation between the values of these biochemical parameters and visual acuity or CMT in the neovascular AMD patient group. Conclusions There were no correlations between NLR and PLR with neovascular AMD in the study group. Higher HDL-C valuesexceeding 60 mg/dL were associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and could represent a possible therapeutic target in neovascular AMD.

Association of lipid levels with motor and cognitive function and decline in Parkinson's disease.

Most studies have focused on comparing blood lipid biomarkers between Parkinson's disease (PD) and normal controls (NC). However, further research is necessary to explore the impact of blood lipid levels on motor and cognitive function, as well as the progression of motor dysfunction and cognitive decline over time. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between blood lipid biomarkers and these indicators in individuals with PD. The cohort study enrolled 157 PD patients and 146 NC from the Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from September 2017 to September 2019. Serum lipid fractions were detected in fasting serum samples. PD patients were followed up at 2 ± 0.6 years for clinical assessment. PD patients exhibited lower serum triglyceride (TG) levels as compared to NC (P = 0.008). PD male patients exhibited lower serum lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels than female patients (LDL-C: P = 0.034; TC: P = 0.019). Serum TG levels correlated significantly with Unified PD Rating Scale III, Hoehn and Yahr stage and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in PD patients. Additionally, serum TG levels were associated with follow-up motor function decline and cognitive decline in adjusted regression models in PD patients. To summarise, the study findings suggest that decreased serum TG levels are significantly associated with greater motor dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction and the greater deterioration of the two indicators.

The role of selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles on mitigating side effects of obesity in rats.

Twenty four adult male rats were divided into four groups, group1 control rats fed normal diet and the other three groups were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity and injected intraperitoneally with saline, SeNPs (30μg/kg b.wt) and ZnONPs (5mg/kg b.wt) respectively on the last two weeks of feeding (9th and 10th). HFD increased body weight, oxidative stress as indicated by elevated lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione and catalase levels, increased significantly serum lipid fractions, leptin, liver enzymes, creatinine and uric acid. While causing a substantial decrease in HDL-C and thyroid hormone T4 levels. The results confirmed that treatment with SeNPs and ZnONPs significantly reduced body weight, MDA and improved liver and kidney functions, ameliorated serum lipid fractions level and significantly increased glutathione, catalase, HDL-C and thyroid hormone. SeNPs and ZnONPs significantly mitigate hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. So, they might be potential candidate for obesity amelioration.

Association of Plasma Lipids with White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the common marker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Dyslipidemia plays a notable role in the pathogenesis of CSVD. However, the relationship between dyslipidemia and WMH is poorly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the association between serum lipid fractions and WMH in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A total of 901 patients with AIS were included in this study. The burden of WMH, including deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH), periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH), and total WMH load, were evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the Fazekas scale. All the WMH burden were set as dichotomous variables. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were collected. The association of serum lipid fractions with WMH burden was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The average age of the participants was 67.6±11.6 years, and 584 cases (64.8%) were male. About 33.5% (n = 302) patients were smoker, and 23.5% (n = 212) patients had a history of alcohol consumption. The proportion of previous diabetes, ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension was 39.0% (n = 351), 21.2% (n = 191) and 75.9% (n = 684), respectively. The average of serum HDL-c, TC, TG, LDL-c levels for all participants were 1.26 ± 0.28 mmol/l, 4.54 ± 1.06 mmol/l, 1.67 ± 1.09 mmol/l, 3.08 ± 0.94 mmol/l. There were no statistical associations between HDL-c, TG, TC, LDL-c and each type of WMH burden (P > 0.05) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Similar findings were found in subgroup analysis based on gender classification. Serum lipid levels were not associated with the presence of any type of WMH in patients with AIS.

Composition and distribution of fatty acids in various lipid fractions in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.

Fatty acids (FA) in follicular fluid (FF) are present in an esterified form [triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids] or as non-esterified FA, which partly originate from blood. However, a comprehensive comparison of blood vs. FF FA in various lipid classes is missing. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the FA composition in each lipid class of serum and FF, and to investigate their mutual correlations. A total of 74 patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment were involved in the study. Both in serum as well as FF, saturated FA and mono-unsaturated FA were predominant in non-esterified FA and triglycerides fractions while poly-unsaturated FA were mainly present in phospholipids and cholesterol esters fractions, although phospholipids also contained high proportions of saturated FA. Irrespective of the lipid class, the FA proportions differed between serum and FF (P < 0.05). Despite these differences, most of the FA in triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters of FF were well correlated with their proportions in serum. Nevertheless, only weak to moderate associations (r < 0.60) were observed for the majority of the FA in the non-esterified FA fraction. Differences in FA product/precursor-ratios were found between serum and FF, such as higher C20:4n-6 to C18:2n-6 and C20:5n-3 to C18:3n-3 in FF. FA metabolism (e.g. desaturation and elongation) takes place in cells of the intrafollicular micro-environment. Moreover, good correlations between esterified FA in serum and FF suggest esterified FA in blood could be representative of esterified FA in FF.

Beneficial effects of Naringin against lopinavir/ ritonavir-induced hyperlipidemia and reproductive toxicity in male albino rats.

This research work was planned to determine whether Naringin (NG) had any protective effects against lopinavir/ritonavir (LR)-induced alterations in blood lipid levels, hepatotoxicity, and testicular toxicity. Four groups of six rats each were used for the study: Control (1% ethanol), naringin (80 mg/kg), lopinavir (80 mg/kg)/ritonavir (20 mg/kg), and lopinavir (80 mg/kg)/ritonavir (20 mg/kg) + naringin (80 mg/kg). The drug treatment was continued for 30 days. On the last day, the serum lipid fractions, liver biochemical parameters, testicular antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), and the histopathology of the liver and testis tissue were assessed for all rats. Treatment with NG decreased significantly (p<0.05), the baseline serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). But these parameters were significantly (p<0.05) increased in LR-treated animals. Naringin, co-administered with LR, restored the liver and testicular biochemical, morphological, and histological balance. This study shows that NG can be used as a treatment for LR-induced biochemical and histological changes in the liver and testes and changes in serum lipid levels.

Long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of children worldwide. The causal mechanisms of ADHD remain unclear as the aetiology of this disorder seems to be multifactorial. One research field addresses the impact on lipid metabolism and particularly serum lipid fractions on the development of ADHD symptoms. This post hoc analysis aimed to investigate long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with ADHD and controls. Data of German children and adolescents from the nationwide and representative “Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS)” study were analysed at baseline and at a ten-year follow-up. At the two time points, participants in the control group were compared with those in the ADHD group, both before and after propensity score matching. Differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides were assessed between matched children with and without ADHD. In addition, subgroups with versus without methylphenidate use were compared at both time points. At baseline before matching, there were no significant differences for lipid parameters between participants in the ADHD group (n = 1,219) and the control group (n = 9,741): total cholesterol (Exp(ß) = 0.999, 95%-CI 0.911–1.094, p = .979), LDL (Exp(ß) = 0.967, 95%-CI 0.872–1.071, p = .525), HDL (Exp(ß) = 1.095, 95%-CI 0.899–1.331, p = .366) and triglycerides (Exp(ß) = 1.038, 95%-CI 0.948–1.133, p = .412). Propensity score matching confirmed the non-significant differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD group at baseline. At the 10-year follow-up, n = 571 participants fulfilled complete inclusion criteria, among them 268 subjects were classified as ADHD. The two groups did not significantly differ in lipid fractions, neither cross-sectionally nor with regard to long-term changes. There was also no significant difference between methylphenidate subgroups. In this sample of children and adolescents we could not reveal any significant associations between serum lipid fractions and the diagnosis of ADHD, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally; even when methylphenidate use was considered. Thus, further studies using larger sample sizes are required to investigate putative long-term changes in serum lipid fractions related to ADHD.

Increased LDL-cholesterol level is associated with deterioration of renal function in males.

ABSTRACTBackgroundRelationships between levels of serum lipid fractions and the time course of renal function are discrepant in the literature. Here we examined this issue by analyses of healthy subjects in a cohort.MethodsOf all subjects who received health examinations at Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo in 2006, subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those taking medication for dyslipidemia were excluded and a total of 5586 subjects (male/female: 3563/2023, mean age: 43 ± 8 years) were followed for 10 years.ResultsLinear mixed effect models showed that baseline low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the 10-year follow-up period after adjustment for confounders. Interactions between the follow-up year and baseline level of LDL-C or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) for eGFR values during the follow-up period were significant in males but not in females. There were no significant interactions for eGFR between the follow-up year and baseline levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, or HDL-C/triglycerides ratio. During the follow-up period, 346 males and 223 females developed CKD. When male subjects were divided into subgroups according to tertiles of baseline levels of LDL-C, the adjusted risk for CKD in the third tertial group was significantly higher than that in the first tertile group as a reference [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.39 (1.02–1.90), P = .035]. Such a difference was not observed for LDL-C tertiles in females or HDL-C tertiles in both sexes.ConclusionsA high LDL-C level may be a risk factor for new-onset CKD in apparently healthy males.

Executive functioning and serum lipid fractions in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014a possible sex-effect: the PACOS study

The association between dyslipidemia and cognitive performance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients still needs to be clarified. Aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of possible associations between serum lipids fractions and executive dysfunction also exploring the sex-specific contribute of lipids level on cognition. Patients from the PACOS cohort, who underwent a complete serum lipid profile measures (total cholesterol-TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL and triglycerides-TG) were selected. Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program were used to classify normal/abnormal lipid fractions. Executive functioning was assessed with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between lipids fractions and FAB score. Correlations between lipids fractions and FAB score were explored. Sex-stratified analysis was performed. Three hundred and forty-eight PD patients (148 women; age 66.5 ± 9.5 years; disease duration 3.9 ± 4.9 years) were enrolled. Women presented significantly higher TC, LDL and HDL than men. In the whole sample, any association between lipid profile measures and FAB score was found. Among women, a positive association between hypertriglyceridemia and FAB score under cutoff was found (OR 3.4; 95%CI 1.29–9.03; p value 0.013). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the FAB score and triglyceride serum levels (r = − 0.226; p value 0.005). Differently, among men, a statistically significant negative association between hypercholesterolemia and FAB score under cutoff (OR 0.4; 95%CI 0.17–0.84; p value 0.018) and between high LDL levels and FAB score under cutoff (OR 0.4; 95%CI 0.18–0.90; p value 0.027) were found. Our data suggest a sex-specific different role of lipids in executive functioning.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and myocardial ischemia: Association of haplogroup H with heart failure

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial DNA encodes subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain and is highly polymorphic in human populations. Mitochondrial DNA can be considered a candidate genetic locus for predisposition to cardiovascular diseases.Aim. To analyze the associations of the mitochondrial genome polymorphism and chronic heart failure in ischemic heart disease.Material and Methods. The study included two groups of individuals: patients with a combination of ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure (n = 175) and a population sample of residents of Tomsk (n = 424). Percentages of patients with chronic heart failure of NYHA classes II, III, and IV were 37%, 50%, and 13%, respectively. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination; body mass index and the lipid fractions in blood serum were determined. The average was 55.4 years in patients and 47.6 years in the population sample. Polymorphism of mtDNA was studied by sequencing the hypervariable segment of D-loop of mtDNA and subsequent classification of mtDNA haplotypes into the known haplogroups. The mtDNA haplogroup frequencies were compared between the samples using the Chi-square test. The associations of genotype with quantitative trait variability were analyzed by variance analysis.Results. Male patients showed a higher frequency of haplogroup H compared to the population (45.86% in patients and 35.4% in population) and a higher total frequency of haplogroup H subgroups except the most frequent subgroup H1 (36.94% and 25.22%, respectively). The values of significance level (p-value) and odds ratio (OR) were determined as follows: p = 0.04; odds ratio OR = 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–2.34) for haplogroup H as a whole; p = 0.02; OR = 1.74 (95% CI 1.12–2.70) for haplogroup H without subgroup H1. Analysis of quantitative traits revealed the associations of the same genetic marker (mtDNA haplogroup H) with the levels of high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.02) in blood serum of men in the population sample.Conclusion. The obtained results suggested that the most frequent European mtDNA haplogroup H may be a risk factor for the complications of ischemic heart disease in men.

Fatty Acid Profiles of Serum Lipid Fractions Change Minimally in Sled Dogs Before and After Short Bouts of Exercise

Although emerging data suggests a greater influence of gluconeogenic precursors, endurance sled dogs have long appeared to rely heavily on fatty acid oxidation for sustained energy production. However, much of the research investigating lipid utilization during exercise in sled dogs has been carried out with dogs subjected to extended bouts of endurance exercise. Less is known about changes in fatty acid composition in endurance training sled dogs subjected to short bouts of exercise, and fewer data define how fatty acid composition may change in distinct lipid fractions. As such, the study objective was to assess whether short bouts of submaximal exercise would affect fatty acid profiles of serum lipid fractions in endurance training sled dogs. Fifteen privately-owned Siberian huskies were used (8 females: 4 intact, 4 spayed; 7 males: 2 intact, 5 neutered), with an average age of 4.6 ± 2.5 years and body weight of 24.8 ± 4.2 kg. Throughout the diet acclimation and remainder of the study, all dogs were fed a dry extruded diet that met or exceeded all AAFCO nutrient recommendations. Dogs were weighed weekly and fed to maintain baseline body weight. A 12-week exercise regimen was designed to incorporate weekly increases in running distance, but weather played a role in setting the daily distance. On weeks 2, 5, and 11, an exercise challenge was implemented whereby dogs would run 4 km at 15 km/h in teams of 4. Pre- and post-exercise blood samples were taken, and gas chromatography was used to evaluate fatty acid profiles of all identified serum lipid fractions (cholesterol ester, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, phospholipids, triglyceride). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, with dog as a random effect and week and sampling time point as fixed effects. Composition of oleic (18:1n9), linoleic (18:2n6), and alpha-linolenic (18:3n3) acids in the free fatty acid fraction decreased by ~9, 10, and 60%, respectively, following exercise (P ≤ 0.05). The results presented herein suggest that aside from a degree of depletion of these 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids, short bouts of submaximal exercise do not induce considerable changes to sled dog fatty acid profiles.

Maternal GALNT2 Variations Affect Blood Pressure, Atherogenic Index, and Fetal Growth, Depending on BMI in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

BackgroundGALNT2 is a GalNAc transferase that regulates serum lipid fractions, insulin signaling, and lipogenesis. Genetic variants are implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this study was to investigate the association of GALNT2 rs2144300 and rs4846914 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of GDM and related traits.MethodsTwo SNPs were genotyped, and clinical and metabolic parameters were determined in 461 GDM patients and 626 control subjects. Genetic associations with related traits were also analyzed.ResultsThe genotype distributions of the two SNPs in GDM patients were similar to those in normal controls. However, significant differences were noted across the three groups of genotypes with respect to the examined variables in subjects in a BMI-dependent manner. The rs4846914 and rs2144300 SNPs of GALNT2 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure levels in nonobese GDM patients and atherogenic index (AI) in overweight/obese GDM patients. The rs4846914 SNP was also associated with fetal growth in overweight/obese GDM patients, and apo A1 and pregnancy weight gain in overweight/obese control women (all P<0.05).ConclusionsThe two polymorphisms in the GALNT2 gene are associated with variations in blood pressure, atherogenic index, and fetal growth in GDM, depending on BMI, but not with GDM. Our findings highlight a link between related phenotypes in GDM mothers and their fetuses and the genetic components.

English

The effects of using Moringa leaf powder (MLP) as feed additive on the differential cholesterol profile of broiler chickens at finisher phase was investigated in view of the scientific urge to find means of reducing fatty compounds in common meat products. One hundred and twenty,4-weeks old Abor acre broilers were used for this experiment and allotted to four different treatment groups (T1-T4). The control group; T1 was without MLP inclusion, T2 with 0.40% (of the total diet on dry matter basis) MLP inclusion, T3 with 0.80% MLP inclusion and T4 with 0.40% Liver fit powder (LVP-commercial product). Each group had three replicates with 10 chickens in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted four weeks at the end of which blood samples were collected for the serum lipid fractions analysis. Parameters investigated were Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis of variance. The results revealed that TC, TG, LDL and VLDL fractions of the serum cholesterol got reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05) in birds on T3 and T4 while HDL got increased significantly with inclusion of MLP. These results suggest that MLP is hypocholesterolemic in nature.&nbsp; Consequently, MLP inclusions compared favorably well with LVP and therefore can be used for reducing bad lipid fractions of serum of broilers at finisher phase to reduce the risk of high fat related diseases among the consumers. Keywords: Broilers, cholesterol, fatty meat, moringa leaf powder.

Serum lipid profile of Parkinson's disease patients: A study from the Northwest of Iran.

Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a long-lasting, neurological illness. Low levels of serum lipid fractions are related with a high risk of PD. Current investigation was designed to evaluate the concentration blood lipid fractions in patients suffering from PD and compared with healthy subjects.Methods:This case-control study was conducted from February 2016 to September 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. The present investigation consisted of 75 persons who had PD and 75 normal people. The blood levels of lipid fractions were measured by concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total cholesterol. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and student's t-test.Results:Serum level of TG was remarkably lower in patients with PD (111.92±8.75 mg/dL) compared with healthy subjects (123.64±9.97 mg/dL, P=0.008). Furthermore, we saw an important difference in the level of LDL-C (P=0.001) and TC (P=0.004) between the two groups. However, there was not any observed meaningful difference in the serum concentrations of HDL-C between the studied groups (P=0.135).Conclusion:Our results showed that the serum concentration of TG, LDL-C, and TC are noticeably lower in the PD suffering patients. Further investigations are needed to provide comprehensive information on the participants' cognitive layout and subsequent actions.

Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with polycystic kidney disease in Kano, Nigeria

A 37-year-old male patient known to have polycystic kidney disease (PKD) for the past 5 years presented with a 2-day history of severe chest pain at rest that was confirmed as acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). He was a known hypertensive for the past 5 years with a difficult-to-control blood pressure, but with preserved renal function. He had no family history of similar illness and has no personal history of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, or recreational drugs use. Apart from elevated blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg, physical examination was unremarkable. He was found to have dyslipidemia with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 0.87 mmol/l and hypertriglyceridemia (2.7 mmol/l), but other serum lipid fractions and fasting plasma glucose were within normal limits. His echocardiogram showed normal sizes of all cardiac chambers with preserved left ventricular (LV) function, inferior wall hypokinesia, and Grade I LV diastolic dysfunction, and he had no aortic aneurysm. He was admitted for 5 days, treated conservatively, and discharged after resolution of symptoms, troponin, and raised ST segments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Nigeria illustrating the rare association between PKD and acute MI in the young.

Assortment of kaempferol and zinc gluconate improves noise-induced biochemical imbalance and deficits in body weight gain

Abstract This study investigated the effects of pretreatment with antioxidants, kaempferol, and zinc gluconate on serum biochemical changes and impairment in body weight gain following noise-exposure in Wistar rats. Thirty-five animals were evenly grouped into five cohorts: Groups II, III, IV, and V were exposed to noise stress, induced by exposing rats to 100 dB (4 hr/day) for 15 days, from days 33 to 48 after starting the drug treatments. Treatment with kaempferol and/or zinc mitigated noise-induced deficits in body weight gain, and levels of serum lipid and protein fractions. The combined treatment significantly (p &lt; .05) decreased malondialdehyde concentration in kaempferol + zinc gluconate treated group, compared to the group administered deionized water + noise. This result demonstrates that biochemical dyshomeostasis and lipid peroxidation may be involved in the molecular mechanism underlying noise stress and the assortment of kaempferol and zinc gluconate produced an improved mitigating outcome in Wistar rats.

A Cross-sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Cholelithiasis

Introduction: Gallstones are one among the common gastrointestinal illness requiring hospitalisation and frequently occur in middle- aged otherwise healthy people with a prevalence of 10 to 15%. Women are more frequently affected than men. Most patients remain asymptomatic from their gallstones and remain silent throughout life. One major factor contributing to cholesterol stone formation is high concentration of cholesterol and lipids in bile secretion from liver. Changes in human behaviour and lifestyle over the last few decades have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of dyslipidaemia and gallstone disease worldwide. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with gallstones. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 82 patients who were admitted in a tertiary care centre with gall stone confirmed by ultrasound abdomen, during the period between November 2016 to October 2017. Patients with dyslipidaemia taking medicine were excluded. Data were entered in structured data sheet which includes all the variables and results were expressed in frequency and percentage. Results: Forty-two patients were found to have dyslipidaemia and the prevalence was found to be 51.2%. Maximum prevalence of cholelithiasis was found in the 41-50 years age group (58.5%). Fifty-six were females (68.3%). Twenty-four patients had very high Serum Low Density Lipoprotiens (LDL) levels. Twenty-three had high levels of Triglycerides (TG) (28%). Six had very low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level (7.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia estimated was 51.2%. Of the fractions of serum lipids, the LDL and triglycerides level elevations was more commonly detected in patients with gall stone.

Indicies of body composition and uric acid metabolism as markers of metabolic phenotype in normouricemic type 2 diabetic man

The purpose of the workisto investigate the relationship between body composition parameters and uric acid metabolism and lipid spectrum in obese type 2 diabetic male compared with non-obese patients. Materials and methods. In 34 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 45 to 75 years, with unsatisfactory glycemic control (HbA1c from 7.1 to 12.6 %), mainly with abdominal obesity, anthropometric parameters, characteristics of body composition (percentage of total and abdominal fat, segmental distribution of adipose and muscle tissue, by bioimpedance method), level of HbA1c, C-peptide, concentration of uric acid (UA), 24 h UA excretion, and serum lipid fractions were measured. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the degree of obesity: group 1—15 men with overweight without obesity (BMI 25.0—29.9 kg/m2); group2—19 obese men (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). The groups did not differ in age and disease duration. Results and discussion. Normouricemia was observed in almost all examined patients, without a significant difference in uricemia levels between two groups. In 42 % of obese patients, elevated UA excretion was significantly higher than in the non-obese group, which may reflect increased UA production during the day and increased urate elimination, which leads to normal uricemia. Comparison of body composition between groups with different phenotypes showed that obese patients had significantly higher percentages of total fat and visceral fat than non-obese individuals. Adipose tissue in both groups was evenly distributed between body segments. In obese patients, there was a significant increase in muscle mass, especially in the lower extremities, with some dehydration, as indicated by a decrease in the % water content. Conclusions. It has been shown that both variants of metabolic phenotypes in patients with type 2 diabetes (with and without obesity), under conditions of central fat accumulation and normouricemia, in many cases were accompanied by hyperexcretion of UA, which ensured the preservation of normal uricemia.