Lipid Deposition In Liver Research Articles

Liver Lipid Deposition in Caged Layers as Influenced by Fermentation By-Products and Level of Dietary Fat

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of 20% brewers dried grains (BDG), 10 to 20% distillers dried grains (DDGS), and 10% distillers dried solubles (DDS) in equicaloric-equifat and isonitrogenous corn-soy diets on hepatic lipid accumulation in caged layers. To assess the effect of dietary fat on liver fat, a low fat (3.3%) diet was compared to the high-fat basal.Experiment 1 was conducted in a controlled environment house for 8 weeks. Inclusion of fermentation by-products reduced (P<.05) relative liver weight (g/kg body weight) and liver lipid. Plasma lipid and cholesterol and performance were not altered by the diets (P>.05). Experiment 2 was conducted in summer in an open-sided house for 9 weeks with the same treatments. The results were similar to the first experiment except that liver hemorrhages were observed in the hens not fed fermentation by-products. Birds fed 20% BDG or DDGS had lower (P≤.05) liver fat than those fed 10% DDGS or DDS. In both experiments dietary fat had no significant effect on liver fat content or performance.The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of brewers and distillers fermentation by-products in controlling liver lipid accumulation in caged layers fed equicaloric-equifat and isonitrogenous corn-soy diets. This response is not related to the level of dietary fat and appears to be induced by an intrinsic nutritional property of these by-products.

The effect of myo-inositol deficiency on lipid metabolism in rats: III. The mechanism of an enhancement in lipolysis due to myo-inositol deficiency in rats

myo-Inositol deficiency in rats produced an overaccumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver due to stimulated lipolysis in the adipose tissue (Hayashi, E., Maeda, T. and Tomita, T. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 360, 134–155). The mechanism of the enhancement in lipolysis has now been investigated. The lipolytic response to adrenalin, corticotropin and insulin of the epididymal adipose tissue did not change due to the deficiency, but hormone-sensitive lipase activity, plasma adrenalin level and blood pressure were higher in the deficient rats. Adrenalectomy had no influence, but administration of sympathetic nervous blockers (reserpine, hexamethonium and bupranolol) inhibited the liver lipid deposition and an increase of serum free fatty acids in the deficient rats. These results indicate that the enhancement in lipolysis is mediated by an excitation of sympathetic nerve terminals innervating in the adipose tissues.

In vitro effects of insulin on liver lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the teleost, Notemigonus crysoleucas

1. 1. The effects of mammalian insulin on in vitro liver carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the cyprinid teleost, Notemigonus crysoleucas, were examined. 2. 2. Time course studies showed that the effects of insulin on liver lipid metabolism can be observed after 2 hr of incubation at 12°C and after 4 hr at 25°C. 3. 3. Insulin promotes lipogenesis in liver slices of Notemigonus at 12 and 25°C. A dose response was noted at 12°C, but not at 25°C. 4. 4. Glycogen deposition is stimulated in liver slices incubated with insulin at 12 and 25°C; the effects of the hormone are dose dependent at 12°C. 5. 5. Liver glycogen and lipid deposition occur in fish acclimated to 12°C, but in fish acclimated to 25°C both glycogen and lipid reserves are depleted from the liver. The effects of insulin on liver carbohydrate and lipid metabolism at 12 and 25°C appear to be quantitatively rather than qualitatively different.

Toxicity studies of some derivatives of pantothenic acid

Evidence of hepatotoxicity was not found in Sprague-Dawley rats given sodium pantothenate, d-panthenol, or d-pantethine intramuscularly in doses ranging from 0.2 g/kg to 2.0 g/kg. A slight increase in the amount of liver lipid deposition was observed in the rats weighing 110–120 g which were given 0.2 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg of d-panthenol, but not in rats weighing 220–275 g.

Hyperlipemic Effect of ACTH Injections in the Chicken

THE blood lipid responses observed following injections of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and various adrenal cortical hormones into man and animals are contradictory. In some instances cortisone injections (6–100 days) increased plasma cholesterol levels in man (Adlersberg et al. 1951), the rabbit (Dury, 1956; Gordon et al., 1954; and Wang et al., 1955) and the dog (Wang et al., 1955), but decreased cholesterol levels under different circumstances in man (Oliver and Boyd, 1956) and the rabbit (Wang et al., 1955).Cortisone, on the other hand, was found to be without effect on lipid metabolism in the chicken, as indicated by a failure to cause liver lipid deposition (Dulin, 1956) and failure to alter whole blood total lipid levels (Baum and Meyer, 1960).Results similar to those following cortisone injections have been reported following ACTH injections (7–10 days) in man (Adlersberg et al., 1951), the rabbit and the dog (Wang et al., …

Effects of reserpine on cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

SummaryRabbits given injections of res-erpine and fed a high cholesterol diet showed significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol levels and less lipid deposition in aorta, liver, spleen and adrenals than non-treated animals on the same diet. No variation was observed in rabbits treated with reserpine on a stock diet. Some rabbits treated with reserpine showed a kidney lesion similar to that described in rats treated with serotonin.