Cases Of Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Epidemiology and incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Iraqi population over 5 years (2014-2018).

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and life-threatening neoplasms worldwide, and is responsible for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. This study was aimed at providing updated information on oral squamous cell carcinoma in all Iraqi governorates for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018, including the annual incidence and demographic variables. The total number of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Iraq, along with associated demographic information (age, sex, and site), for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 was obtained. The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. A χ 2 test was performed to compare frequencies between male and female patients, among age groups, and among different OSCC sites. The χ 2 test was also used to assess the association of each OSCC site with age and sex. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05, and the confidence interval was set at 95%. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma for each year was calculated by dividing the number of OSCC cases per year by the population of Iraq, then multiplying the result by 100,000. A total of 722 cases were recorded. Statistically, oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be more prevalent in males and individuals over 40 years of age. The tongue was the most common site of occurrence. Lip squamous cell carcinoma cases were high in males. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.4 per 100,000 people. Males and older people are at relatively higher risk of developing oral cancer. The tongue is the most affected site, but any site in the oral cavity may be involved. Further exploration of the causes of oral malignancy in Iraq is necessary to improve prevention strategies.

PREVALENCE OF ACTINIC CHEILITIS AND LIP SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AMONG LIP LESIONS

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) among lip lesions in an oral pathology service and compare the results with literature data. Study Design A retrospective review of histopathologic and biopsy files of patients with lip lesions from an oral pathology service was conducted. Data regarding clinical characteristics and diagnosis were retrieved. A literature review (LR) of similar studies was performed in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Results Among 809 files of lip manifestations, there were 81 cases of AC (10.0%) and 46 cases of LSCC (5.7%). Both AC and LSCC mostly affected males (80.2% and 78.3%, respectively). From the LR, 4 articles were included. Overall, 2201 cases of lip manifestations were enrolled, of which 166 were from AC (7.5%) and 122 were from LSCC (5.5%). There was a male predominance in AC (75.3%) and LSCC (64.8%). Pooled data from the main study and LR showed that the prevalence of AC was 12.5% and the prevalence of LSCC was 6.9%. Conclusions The elevated prevalence of AC, a potentially malignant disorder, reinforces the importance of early diagnosis of lip lesions. To investigate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) among lip lesions in an oral pathology service and compare the results with literature data. A retrospective review of histopathologic and biopsy files of patients with lip lesions from an oral pathology service was conducted. Data regarding clinical characteristics and diagnosis were retrieved. A literature review (LR) of similar studies was performed in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Among 809 files of lip manifestations, there were 81 cases of AC (10.0%) and 46 cases of LSCC (5.7%). Both AC and LSCC mostly affected males (80.2% and 78.3%, respectively). From the LR, 4 articles were included. Overall, 2201 cases of lip manifestations were enrolled, of which 166 were from AC (7.5%) and 122 were from LSCC (5.5%). There was a male predominance in AC (75.3%) and LSCC (64.8%). Pooled data from the main study and LR showed that the prevalence of AC was 12.5% and the prevalence of LSCC was 6.9%. The elevated prevalence of AC, a potentially malignant disorder, reinforces the importance of early diagnosis of lip lesions.

Demographic and Clinicopathologic Features of Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Brazilian Multicentre Study.

Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.

Neck dissection indications in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma cases: Our experience in 96 cases

Neck dissection indications in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma cases: Our experience in 96 cases

Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis.

To investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β-tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE). Thirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study. NANOG was more expressed in the nuclei of AC compared to NE (p=0.007), as well as in high-risk AC cases (p=0.017) and well-differentiated LSCCs (no significance). There was an accumulation of nuclear NANOG from mild to moderate and severe ACs. NESTIN was significantly less present in NE compared to AC (p=0.001) and LSCC (p=0.003). There was a higher expression in severe dysplasia or high-risk AC and well-differentiated LSCC. These results indicate an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the early stages of carcinogenesis. β-tubulin was intensely present in all lesions. The results suggest an upregulation of NANOG and NESTIN in the biological behavior these diseases, mainly in the transformation from AC to LSCC.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF HDAC1, HDAC2 AND HAT1 IN ACTINIC CHEILITIS AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LIP

This research aimed to investigate the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HAT1 in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and actinic cheilitis (AC). 30 cases of LSCC and 30 cases of AC, as well 28 cases of non-neoplastic epithelium (NNE), used as a parameter, were evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was determined by the mean percentage of positive nuclei. There was a statistically significant difference for HDAC2 immunopositivity between AC (75.07%±29.70, mean ± standard deviation) and LSCC (51.06% ± 39.02) (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=.022), whereas control group showed 68.93% ± 24.00 of nuclear positivity. HDAC1 immunostaining percentages were 77.49% (± 24.95) in AC group, 74.76% (± 25.78) in LSCC, and 67.73% (± 29.14) in the control group. HAT1 immunostaining percentages were 89.59% (±13.12) in AC group, 87.02% (±14.56) in LSCC, and 84.81% (±19.67) in control.

PP - ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: ANATOMICAL LOCATION VERSUS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF KI-67, HER-3, MMP-2, AND MMP-9

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) commonly occurs in oral cavity, with the lower lip and tongue being common sites of involvement. This research aimed to elucidate the reason why lip SCC (LSCC) is considered to have a better prognosis compared with tongue SCC (TSCC). The following immunohistochemical markers were used: Ki-67, which is involved in cell proliferation; HER-3, receptor of the tyrosine kinase family that controls angiogenesis and extracellular invasion of the head and neck region and is considered a predictive factor for neoplastic behavior; MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are proteins responsible for the degrading components of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes. In total, 30 cases of LSCC, 29 cases of TSCC, and 18 controls (C) were included. Ki-67 was quantified in a total of 900 cells per case, while HER-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were quantified according to the percentage of positively stained cells. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis (alpha=5%). The results revealed no significant differences in the expression of HER-3, MMP-2, and MMP-9 between LSCC and TSCC. Cell proliferation was higher in LSCC than in TSCC, despite the former being considered to exhibit a better prognosis. Further studies are necessary to clarify this issue.

Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression during malignant transformation of the lip epithelium.

There is inadequate knowledge on the involvement of oncogenic mechanisms linked to the cyclin (CCND1) gene in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The aim of this study was to analyse the implication of cyclin D1 in the malignant transformation of lip lesions. We immunohistochemically studied 45 actinic cheilitis cases (15 mild dysplasia, 15 moderate dysplasia, 15 severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ), 30 LSCC cases with adjacent non-tumour epithelium and 15 normal oral epithelium samples for detection of cyclin D1, β-catenin and Ki-67. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expressions were significantly increased in the basal layer of premalignant epithelia and peripheral layers of tumour nests vs. Premalignant epithelia had lost their asymmetrical proliferative pattern. Lip carcinogenesis was associated with loss of the asymmetrical proliferative pattern, a preventive mechanism against lip oncogenesis, and with cyclin D1 overexpression.

Early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip: predictive factors for recurrence

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tumour thickness on other clinicopathological parameters in early stage lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-six consecutive patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected. The mean follow-up period for all patients was 32.0 ± 18.9 months. Forty-four tumours were staged as T1 and two were T2. Twelve patients underwent neck dissection. Two patients presented with neck metastasis in the follow-up period. Four patients (8.7 per cent) had local recurrence. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between microscopic tumour thickness and local tumour recurrence (r = 0.328, p = 0.045). Surgical margin control is important to prevent local recurrence, especially in thicker tumours. In addition, neck metastasis is rare in early stage lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. A 'wait and see' policy might be preferred in early stage T1 lower lip squamous cell carcinoma cases.

Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, myofibroblasts and Ki-67 in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), myofibroblasts (MFs) and epithelial proliferation have key roles in neoplastic progression. In this study immunoexpression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, presence of MFs and the epithelial proliferation index were investigated in actinic cheilitis (AC), lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and mucocele (MUC). Thirty cases of AC, thirty cases of LSCC and twenty cases of MUC were selected for immunohistochemical investigation of the proteins MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki-67. The MMP-1 expression in the epithelial component was higher in the AC than the MUC and LSCC. In the connective tissue, the expression was higher in the LSCC. MMP-2 showed lower epithelial and stromal immunostaining in the LSCC when compared to the AC and MUC. The epithelial staining for MMP-9 was higher in the AC when compared to the LSCC. However, in the connective tissue, the expression was lower in the AC compared to other lesions. The cell proliferation rate was increased in proportion to the severity of dysplasia in the AC, while in the LSCC it was higher in well-differentiated lesions compared to moderately differentiated. There were no statistically significant differences in number of MFs present in the lesions studied. The results suggest that MMPs could affect the biological behaviour of ACs and LSCCs inasmuch as they could participate in the development and progression from premalignant lesions to malignant lesions.

WNT‐5A, but not matrix metalloproteinase 3 or β‐catenin protein, expression is related to early stages of lip carcinogenesis

Oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin signaling occurs in numerous types of cancers, but little is known about the role of the Wnt protein family member, WNT-5A, in lip carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate WNT-5A, beta-catenin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 protein expression in actinic cheilitis (AC), and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Twenty-one cases of AC, and fifty-one cases of LSCC were analyzed, with normal lip mucosa used as a control. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of WNT-5A, beta-catenin, and MMP-3 immunostaining pattern and cellular distribution were performed. WNT-5A was observed in more than 50% of the cells, scattered in all layers of AC, in contrast to the absence of immunostaining in normal lip mucosa. AC presented a higher level of WNT-5A expression than LSCC (P = 0.0289, Fisher test), while MMP-3 immunoexpression was statistically more significant in LSCC than in AC (P = 0.0285, Fisher test). Immunolabeling of beta-catenin protein was differentially distributed between samples; the majority of AC cases (61.90%) demonstrated a membranous-cytoplasmic pattern, while a considerable number of LSCC cases (29.41%) revealed a cytoplasmic pattern, instead of the usual membranous pattern. The present results suggest that WNT-5A may be an important marker during initial events of AC malignant transformation, in which non-canonical and canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways could be involved. Additionally, WNT-5A might recruit other events in LSCC, such as MMP-3 protein synthesis, as its presence is increased in established malignant processes without beta-catenin dependency.

P63 Immunoexpression in lip carcinogenesis

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder, which can present degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and may even evolve into lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Since p63 is a protein homologous to p53, which can be associated with tumorigenesis in epithelial tissues, this study aims to evaluate it in AC and LSCC, in the hopes to estimate the biological behavior of these lesions. Forty AC lesions and sixty-five cases of LSCC were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using anti-p63 antibody with ten cases of normal lip mucosa used as a control group. In all AC and LSCC cases studied, it was possible to detect the presence of the p63 protein. There was no statistically significant difference between immunostained cells and degree of epithelial dysplasias, nor between the LSCC grading malignancy. Nevertheless, p63 immunoexpression showed to be significantly correlated with AC and LSCC lesions as compared to normal lip epithelium. The results indicate that p63 protein is consistently expressed in AC and LSCC, and might be of help in the differential diagnosis between normal and dysplastic/neoplastic epithelium, although the evaluation using a primary antibody to all isotypes did not prove to be a risk biomarker during lip carcinogenesis. Thus, the production of antibodies for the six different p63 isotypes is urged, since in isolation they can have predictive value, mainly the DeltaNp63 isoforms.

過去２年間に経験した口唇有きょく細胞癌の６例

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip has its characteristics on the points of its preceeding diseases, therapies and prognosis.Especially, its way of operation may include the cosmetic and functional problems of the lip. At present, the Abbe's flap method should be one of the best to disolve the problems.We report 6 cases of lip SCC that were experienced in our Department of Dermatology for the past 2 years, mainly about their clinical pictures, histopathology, methods of operation and prognosis.The ratio of male v.s. female was 5: 1. All occured on the lower lip.Five were clasified as papillomatous carcinoma. All belonged to stage I or II. Three cases belonged to grade 2. All 5 cases that underwent the Abbe's flap method are still alive at present. The case of grade 3 that could not undergo any operation because of a serious lung disease, and died of tumor after all, had the history of the longest course as long as 7 yeras untill the first visit.