Lip Region Research Articles

A new pin nematode, Paratylenchus sinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) in the rhizosphere of white mulberry from Zhejiang Province, China

Pin nematode species are widely distributed and known to be associated with damage to a variety of shrubs, grasses, fruit and flowering trees. So far, no pin nematode species has been reported from Mulberry in China. During this study, a new Paratylenchus species recovered from the rhizosphere of mulberry tree, in Zhejiang Province is described and molecularly characterized. The species can be characterized by having swollen and slender females, four incisures in the lateral field, lip region conoid with anterior end flattened and without submedian lobes. The slender females have stylet 56.2 (50–62) μm long, excretory pore located at the level of nerve ring; vulval region with small advulval flap; tail conoid gradually tapers to form a finely pointed terminus. The swollen females comparatively larger than slender females, vulval lips enlarged, protruding and bulges out from the body contour, the tail is shorter than the slender female ending in a finely pointed terminus. The male is devoid of stylet, spicule 17.5 (16.8–18.2) μm long. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 18S, ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this new species grouped within paratylenchid species clade. Morphologically, this new species belongs to the Group 10 of Paratylenchus sensu lato (stylet >40 μm, 4 lateral lines and advulval flaps present).

Morphological and molecular characterisation of one new and one known species of Makatinus Heyns, 1965 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) from Ukraine, with new insights into its phylogeny

Summary Makatinus ukrainicus sp. n. and a population of M. aquaticus, both from Ukraine, are described and illustrated using morphological, morphometric and molecular (28S rDNA) data. The new species is characterised by its 2.17-2.70 mm long body, 20-23 μm broad lip region, odontostyle 20.5-25 μm long at its ventral side and 23-27 μm long at its dorsal side, 591-672 μm long neck, uterus simple and 163-174 μm long or 2.0-4.7 corresponding body diam. long, V = 49.5-52.8, tail convex-conoid (29-39 μm, c = 61-86, c′ = 0.6-0.9), spicules 86-93 μm long, two pairs of adcloacal supplements, and 17-21 closely and regularly spaced ventromedian supplements without an hiatus. In general, the Ukrainian population of M. aquaticus fits well those previously known from Spain and Hungary, and its study confirms the identity of this species. The morphological and molecular data of the Ukrainian populations reveal an interesting diversity within the genus, which might not be a monophyletic taxon.

Redescription of Paracrobeles laterellus Heyns, 1968 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from Botswana

Summary Paracrobeles laterellus is redescribed from the North-West District (Koanaka Hill), Botswana, which forms part of the Kalahari Desert. A scanning electron microscopy study of the species is presented for the first time. This population is characterised by its adult body length, lateral field with three longitudinal incisures, lips with three tines, the middle one being shorter, primary and secondary axils with two guard processes, labial probolae bifurcate with basal ridge and smooth prongs, pharynx with very swollen and elongate metacorpus, spermatheca swollen, post-vulval uterine sac well developed, vagina sigmoid, female and male tails conoid, and characters of the spicules and gubernaculum. Morphologically, P. laterellus is very similar to P. kelsodunensis and P. mojavicus according to the morphology of the lip region, i.e., with two guard processes at the primary axils and robust spicules.

Effects of stress and temperature on creep behavior of a new third-generation powder metallurgy superalloy FGH100L

In this paper, a new third generation powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy, designated as FGH100L, was prepared by Spray Forming, followed by Hot Isostatic Pressing, Isothermal Forging and Heat Treatment. The effects of stress and temperature on the creep properties of the alloy were studied by analyzing the creep mechanism and fracture characteristics. The results show that the creep life of the alloy decreases significantly with the increase of stress and temperature. The creep fracture indicates mixed intergranular and transgranular fracture characteristics for all the tested specimens. However, at low stress or low temperature conditions, the intergranular fracture is more prominent in the fracture source region and almost no shear lip region can be observed in the final rupture region. With the increase of stress and temperature, the transgranular fracture becomes more prominent, and the shear lip region is enlarged. The misorientation within the grain decreases with the increase of stress and temperature, indicating that the higher the stress and the temperature, the lower the local strain the alloy can bear. Under the creep condition of high temperature and high stress, the misorientation is much larger around the original grain boundary than in the interior of the original grain, indicating that the internal strain of the alloy is mainly concentrated near the original grain boundary under this condition.

Use of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background: Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a worldwide zoonosis, with dogs being the main urban reservoirs. It is caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania spp. and is transmitted to mammals through a vector belonging to the phlebotomines family. Its treatment aims to reduce the parasitic load preventing these animals from being transmitters. Immunotherapy has been shown to be efficient in stimulating the patient's immune response, improving the general condition and preventing recurrence. This report describes the case of a dog diagnosed with canine visceral leishmaniasis submitted to immunotherapy and drug protocol, noting significant general improvement.Case: An 8-year-old female dog was treated with ulcerated lesions on the paw pads, nasal plane and lip region, onychogryphosis and ungeitis, in addition, hypertrophied popliteal lymph nodes and erosive lesions in the elbows, without improvement with previous treatments. Serological examination was then performed to diagnose leishmaniasis by the immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique with negative results. In addition, was performed puncture of the popliteal lymph node, sample in which amastigote forms of Leishmania were observed and blood sample analysis by immunochromatographic rapid test showing reagent result, confirming the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. The treatment protocol with marbofloxacin, allopurinol, prednisolone and domperidone was initiated. Thirty days later, there was a total improvement of the lesions and healing of the paw pads. Immunotherapy was then initiated by applying three double doses of recombinant vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis. The applications were made subcutaneously, with an interval of 21 days between them, still maintaining allopurinol. After six months a fourth double dose of the vaccine was applied and ten days later a new serological examination was performed using the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IIFR) technique with total dilution, with the result not reagent. Four months later, the patient was reevaluated and a new serological test was performed through the IIFR technique with total dilution and the result was reagent with high titration (1: 320). Then began the use of milteforan and domperidone. After two months, the patient received a new vaccination booster and the use of domperidone was discontinued. After ten days a new serological examination was performed using the IIIRF technique with total dilution, with reagent result, but with minimal titration (1:40).Discussion: Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic zoonosis of major public health importance. The dog, due to its proximity to humans, is considered the main reservoir of the disease. Although clinical signs are nonspecific, skin lesions such as nasal hyperkeratosis, ulcers and hyperpigmentation, as well as clinical manifestations such as lymphadenopathy, fever, epistaxis and ophthalmic changes are frequently observed. In this case, the patient presented most of the lesions described in the literature. Laboratory abnormalities in blood count and serum biochemistry, commonly observed, were not observed in the animal. The ELISA serological test, despite being used as a screening test, due to its ability to detect low antibody titers, was negative in this case. The diagnosis was confirmed by lymph node cytology, described in the literature as a confirmatory test despite being considered invasive by most authors and positive result in rapid immunochromatography test. With the protocol used, the animal showed improvement, being observed negative results or with low titration of anti-leishmania antibodies in a serological test performed using the IFAT technique, indicating a decrease in parasitic load.

Comprehensive treatment of massive macroglossia due to venous and lymphatic malformations

This study evaluated the outcomes of comprehensive treatment for massive macroglossia. Eleven patients with massive macroglossia due to venous malformations (VMs) and lymphatic malformations (LMs) underwent incision excision of two-thirds of the central wedge of the tongue; two of these patients underwent resection of lesions in the lower lip or floor of the mouth during initial treatment. In subsequent treatment, three patients underwent orthognathic surgery or resection of lesions in the lower lip and submental region, and four patients underwent one or two sclerotherapies. No patient had complications resulting from anaesthesia or surgery. Patients were followed up at 6 months postoperative, and all signs associated with the lesions had disappeared. The mean follow-up duration was 30.8 months. The aesthetic outcome was excellent for nine patients and satisfactory for two. Nine patients could take a soft diet and two a solid diet. Eight patients presented normal speech and three presented intelligible speech. Comprehensive treatment including incision excision of two-thirds of the central wedge of the tongue, as well as orthognathic surgery, the resection of lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region, and sclerotherapy, is effective for patients with massive macroglossia due to VMs and LMs.

Mid-sagittal Facial Soft Tissue Depth and Angular Facial Height – A Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background Craniofacial dimensions and facial soft tissue depths help forming the overall appearance of the face. Little is known about their dynamics with respect to facial growth and angular facial height. Aim This study determines correlation of the mid-sagittal facial soft tissue thicknesses with cephalic angulations and their changes with age and sex. Materials and Methods Ninety lateral cephalograms were collected and divided into three age groups. Image J ®software (version 1.50) was used for analysis. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software® (version 20.0). Results Thicknesses at the mid-sagittal points exhibited sexual dimorphism. There was significant difference in facial soft tissue thicknesses among the age groups. Significant difference in the lower lip region was found with Angle's class III molar occlusion. Soft tissue depths had significant positive correlation with age. Angular facial height presented strong negative correlation with age. Conclusion There is a strong inverse correlation between facial soft tissue thickness in the midline and angular facial height

Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related genera Bitylenchus, Sauertylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran.

During several nematological surveys in cultivated and natural habitats in Khuzestan and Zanjan provinces of Iran, a new species, Bitylenchus parvulus n. sp., two new records for Iran - namely, Tylenchorhynchus agri and Tylenchorhynchus graciliformis - and a population of Bitylenchus parvus and one of Sauertylenchus maximus were recovered and characterized based upon morphological and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by lip region with five to seven annuli, stylet 17.7 (17.0-18.5) μm long, sub-cylindrical tail narrowing abruptly near terminus giving a bluntly digitate shape to the tail tip, cuticle near anterior part of vulva wrinkled and post-rectal sac occupies whole of tail cavity. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from D2-D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA) for all studied species and the partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) for the new species. The representatives of Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus formed distinct clades from Tylenchorhynchus members, supporting the hypothesis in which Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus could be considered as valid genera, but rejecting the 'large-genus' concept for Tylenchorhynchus. Also, Sauertylenchus ibericus was proposed as a junior synonym of S. maximus based on the results from morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an identification key for all known species included in the three genera Bitylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Sauertylenchus is presented herein. The number of transverse annuli on the lip region and presence/absence of post-rectal sac were considered as the main diagnostic characters for classifying the species into seven groups, and other morphological and morphometric characters were subsequently used for distinguishing species in each group.

Management of Facial Bone Fractures with Frontonasal Open Head Injury: Case Report

Introduction: Patients with a facial fracture with open depressed frontal fracture and head trauma required prompt management. Delayed management of head trauma caused massive bleeding, infections, damage to brain function, or even caused by death. This case report aimed to explain the emergency treatment of facial trauma accompanied by an open depressed frontal bone. Case report: A 34-year-old female patient came with bleeding from the mouth to Hasan Sadikin Emergency Department. ± 1 day before admission, she had a history of the traffic accident. Extraoral examination there was edema at the facial region, post situational suturing at frontonasal, left palpebra and lower lip region, and lacerated wound at left palpebra region. Intraoral examination there was an open bite, hematoma, and edema at the upper lip, gingiva, and vestibule region. The patient was diagnosed with a facial fracture with open depressed frontal fracture and head trauma. This article will be reported a case about the management of open depressed fracture frontal with facial fractures by controlled bleeding to prevented aspiration. After the emergency management, the patients are treated at the ward for 4 days and the management of facial fractures by elective open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF). Conclusion: Immediate and appropriate treatment of facial trauma accompanied by head injury at the frontal region can prevent complications and morbidity of the patient

Description and molecular phylogeny of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran.

Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. is described by morphological, morphometric, and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by a body slightly curved with 402 to 612 μm length, 90 to 113 cuticular body annuli with smooth to irregular margins lacking of crenation with not more than one anastomoses, lip region not offset, small flattened submedian lobes, stylet robust (52.8-60.0 μm) with well-developed knobs, open vulva with simple anterior lip, straight vagina, filled spermatheca with globular sperms, presence of males, and conical-acute tail with last annulus bilobed or rounded. Discussions are made on the characterization of M. abolafiai n. sp. from the most closely related species, M. ozarkiense, and several other species having similar tail shape. Furthermore, results of phylogenetic analyses inferred from D2 to D3 expansion fragments of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and ITS rRNA gene sequences revealed the phylogenetic position of the new species within representatives of Criconematidae and supported morphological justifications for considering this population from Iran as a new species in the genus Mesocriconema.

A new rare nematode Nothocriconemoides hangzhouensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Hangzhou, China

The Family Criconematidae is commonly referred as ring nematodes that include some members with economic importance as plant parasites. During a recent nematode inventory survey at Zhejiang Province, China, a new species of genus Nothocriconemoides was detected in the rhizosphere of elm tree. Nothocriconemoides hangzhouensis n. sp. can be characterized by the female body having annuli with fine longitudinal striations and 2 to 3 anastomoses at the posterior half of the body. The first cephalic annulus is rounded and expanded enclosing the lip region, and the second annulus is narrow, offset, collar like. En face view shows a central elevated labial disk bearing four distinct equal-sized submedian lobes and “I” shaped oral aperture. Excretory pore is located 3–4 annuli posterior to esophageal bulb. Vagina is straight and vulva closed. The ventral side of postvulval annuli is inverted, in majority of individuals. Anus is indistinct and located on the next annuli posterior to vulva. Tail is short, conoid, with forked or branched terminus. Juveniles are devoid of collar-shaped annuli in the lip region. The cephalic region has two rounded annuli where the first annulus shows slight depression in the middle. Body annuli are finely crenated. Anus is indistinct and located 3 to 4 annuli from tail terminus. Tail is short ending in a single lobed terminus. Phylogenetic studies based on analysis of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28 S rRNA, ITS rRNA, partial 18 S rRNA, and coxI gene revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other criconematid species, thereby supporting its status as a new species of the genus. The new species showed close relationships with Discocriconemella sinensis. Additionally, this is the first record of genus Nothocriconemoides from China.

Analysis of THREE-year prevalence of oral cavity, neck and head tumors - a retrospective single-centre study.

SUMMARYThe purpose of the study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of oral cavity, neck and head tumors recorded at our department over a period of 3 years. Retrospective analysis included archival data on cancer patients treated at our department during the 2015-2017 period. A total of 1005 patients with proven carcinomas were selected for final analysis. Cancers were detected by ultrasound, x-ray, biopsy and clinical diagnosis. The mean age of patients was 58.4±19.3 years. The majority of cases (n=264; 26.3%) were detected in the 7th decade of life. The most common cancers were basal cell carcinoma in 374 (37.2%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 228 (22.7%) cases. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. There was no statistically significant age difference between genders. Recurrence of tumor occurred in 31 patients. The most common risk factor in both groups was sun exposure. The most common sites were lower lip, cheek and frontal region in men, and cheek region and nose in women (p<0.001). Men were found to be more susceptible to cancer development. This study showed differences between age groups, i.e. elderly patients had a much higher probability of developing cancer as compared to younger patients.

Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement Using Conditional Variational Auto-Encoders

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) are deep generative latent variable models that can be used for learning the distribution of complex data. VAEs have been successfully used to learn a probabilistic prior over speech signals, which is then used to perform speech enhancement. One advantage of this generative approach is that it does not require pairs of clean and noisy speech signals at training. In this paper, we propose audio-visual variants of VAEs for single-channel and speaker-independent speech enhancement. We develop a conditional VAE (CVAE) where the audio speech generative process is conditioned on visual information of the lip region. At test time, the audio-visual speech generative model is combined with a noise model based on nonnegative matrix factorization, and speech enhancement relies on a Monte Carlo expectation-maximization algorithm. Experiments are conducted with the recently published NTCD-TIMIT dataset as well as the GRID corpus. The results confirm that the proposed audio-visual CVAE effectively fuses audio and visual information, and it improves the speech enhancement performance compared with the audio-only VAE model, especially when the speech signal is highly corrupted by noise. We also show that the proposed unsupervised audio-visual speech enhancement approach outperforms a state-of-the-art supervised deep learning method.

First report of Xiphinema hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Vietnam.

For the first time, a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in the Central Highlands of Vietnam discovered a population of Xiphinema hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992. The Vietnamese population of X. hunaniense is characterized by having an offset lip region, lack of anterior genital branch, vagina directed backward, and a digitate tail. Morphological features and morphometrics of this population are in agreement with the type population of X. hunaniense except for some variations. In addition, molecular characterization of this population and phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA sequences of the genus are also provided.

Study of two species, one new and one known, of the genus Aporcella Andrássy, 2002 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Iran, with a note on its phylogeny.

Two species of the genus Aporcella, one new and one previously known, collected from cultivated fields in Iran are studied. Description, morphometrics, illustrations (both line and microphotographs) and D2-D3 sequences are provided for Aporcella talebii sp. n., which is characterized by its 1.66-2.02-mm-long body, lip region offset by constriction and 15-17 μm broad, odontostyle 14-17.5 μm long, neck 412-484 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 46-50% of total neck length, uterus simple and 1.6-2.0 times the corresponding body diameter long, V = 52-59, tail conical (40-50 μm, c = 37-47, c' = 1.1-1.4) with a weak but perceptible dorsal concavity at the end and male absent. Morphometrics, microphotographs and D2-D3 sequences of Aporcella simplex are also presented, this being its first Asian record. Molecular analyses confirm the monophyly of the genus, its close relationship with other taxa lacking pars refringens vaginae and the polyphyly of Aporcelaimidae.

On the identity of Eucephalobus oxyuroides (de Man, 1876) Steiner, 1936 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae), with an updated taxonomy of the genus and notes about its phylogeny.

The identity of Eucephalobus oxyuroides is discussed after studying two Iberian populations that fit the original description of the species. A new characterization is consequently provided as follows: 0.49 to 0.70 mm long body, lip region continuous with the adjoining body and bearing short probolae prongs, neck 132 to 158 µm long, spermatheca 23 to 47 µm long or 1.0 to 1.8 times the corresponding body diameter, post-vulval uterine sac 40 to 54 µm long or 2.0 to 2.5 times as long as the body diameter, V = 58 to 64, female tail conical elongate with very acute terminus (60-79 µm, c = 7.1-10.0, c′ = 4.9-5.8), male tail conical (36-49 µm, c =10.9-14.3, c′ = 2.4-3.4) with an elongate acute mucro, and spicules 21 to 22 µm long. Previous records of the species are revised. An emended diagnosis of the genus is proposed, and its taxonomy is updated with a list of species, key to their identification and illustrations. The evolutionary relationships of Eucephalobus, as derived from the analyses of 18S and 28S rDNA fragments, reveals that it occupies a basal position within the subfamily Cephalobidae.

Morphological and molecular data of two species of the rare genera Thada Thorne, 1941 and Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran.

Thada populus n. sp. was found in the rhizosphere of Populus euphratica in the city of Dezful, south-western Iran. The new species is characterized by its 365-453 μm body length, cuticle with transverse annuli 0.9-1.2 μm wide, lateral fields with four lines, lip region low with one or two annuli, 7.0-8.5 μm wide at base, longitudinal or slightly sigmoid amphidial slit, delicate stylet 8.4-9.8 μm long with posteriorly directed knobs, dorsal pharyngeal gland opening at 1.0-1.5 μm posterior to the stylet knobs, non-muscular and valve-less median bulb, pyriform and offset basal bulb, almost oval spermatheca, posterior position of vulva (V = 75-79%) without lateral membrane, short post-vulval uterine sac and conical tail with finely to broadly rounded terminus. Morphological differences of the new species with those of the type species, Thada striata, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with Malenchus spp., Filenchus facultativus, F. fungivorus and Filenchus sp. in Bayesian inference. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on Tenunemellus indicus, the second recovered species, the latter analysis using partial sequences of large subunit ribosomal DNA. In the inferred Bayesian tree, T. indicus formed a clade with Labrys fuzhouensis, Lelenchus leptosoma from the Netherlands, Malenchus spp. and Filenchus discrepans.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. and additional data on P. engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from northwest of Iran.

Two species of the genus Pungentus, one new and one known, collected in natural vegetation and cultivated soils in northwest of Iran, are studied. Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. is characterized by its 1.22 to 1.57 mm long body, offset lip region by a constriction and 7 to 9 μm broad, 18 to 21 μm long odontostyle, 304 to 348 μm long neck, 133 to 161 μm long esophageal expansion, mono-opisthodelphic female genital system without anterior uterine sac, slightly backward directed vagina, absence of pars refringens vaginae, V = 47−54, rounded-conoid caudal region (17.5–23 μm, c = 65–84, c´ = 0.7–1) with saccate bodies, and the absence of male. Molecular analysis, based on D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA (LSU), confirms the monophyly of the family Nordiidae and suggests the monophyly of the genus Pungentus, with the new species forming a clade with other Iranian species. New data are presented for six Iranian populations of P. engadinensis, and an updated key for the identification of Pungentus species is also provided.

Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA.

Pratylenchus penetrans is a common and important agricultural pest in Wisconsin, a USA state with a diverse agriculture. We compared populations from around the state to each other and to data published for populations around the world to gain insight on the variability of features important for identification of this cosmopolitan species. Thirteen isolates from samples collected in soybean fields in ten Wisconsin counties were established in monoxenic cultures. Analysis of morphological features revealed the least variable feature for all isolates collectively was vulva percentage. Features less variable within than among isolates were body width, lip region height, and stylet length. Some isolates showed only the smooth tail tip phenotype and others had a mix of smooth and annulated tail phenotypes. A suite of features provided sufficient pattern to group isolates into four clusters according to hierarchical agglomerative clustering and canonical discriminative analyses, but not with enough distinction to be useful for classification. Haplotype analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene of the 13 cultured isolates, 39 Wisconsin field populations, and published sequences representing five additional USA states and six countries revealed 21 haplotypes, 15 of which occurred in Wisconsin. Ten haplotypes represented in Wisconsin were shared with populations from Europe, South America, Africa, or Asia. Five haplotypes were unique to Wisconsin, six were unique to The Netherlands, and one was unique to Japan suggesting that even more COI diversity will be revealed when more COI sequences for P. penetrans become available. The maximum pairwise sequence variation was 6% and the SNPs did not alter amino acids, indicating cryptic biodiversity within the species worldwide. The cosmopolitan to localized scale of distribution of COI haplotypes could be due to frequent and ongoing dispersal events, facilitated by life history traits and the broad host range of P. penetrans. Regions of diverse agriculture, like Wisconsin, show promise for studying this important pest and our study confirms the utility of the COI mtDNA gene for studying variation within a species.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Epidorylaimus procerus sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Qudsianematidae) from Vietnam.

Epidorylaimus procerus sp. n., collected from a natural habitat in Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is distinguishable by its 2.16 to 2.46-mm-long body, lip region offset by depression and 15 to 17-µm broad, odontostyle 32 to 35-µm long, neck 415 to 461-µm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 47 to 52% of the total neck length, uterus 76 to 130-µm long or 1.0 to 1.5-body diameters, vulva transverse (V = 40-43), caudal region conical elongate (157-186 µm, c =12.1-14.4, c′ = 4.4-5.5) with blister-like bodies, and hyaline portion occupying one-fourth its length, and males absent. Molecular analysis shows a close relationship of the new species and E. lugdunensis, supporting monophyly of the genus Epidorylaimus.