Abstract
The Family Criconematidae is commonly referred as ring nematodes that include some members with economic importance as plant parasites. During a recent nematode inventory survey at Zhejiang Province, China, a new species of genus Nothocriconemoides was detected in the rhizosphere of elm tree. Nothocriconemoides hangzhouensis n. sp. can be characterized by the female body having annuli with fine longitudinal striations and 2 to 3 anastomoses at the posterior half of the body. The first cephalic annulus is rounded and expanded enclosing the lip region, and the second annulus is narrow, offset, collar like. En face view shows a central elevated labial disk bearing four distinct equal-sized submedian lobes and “I” shaped oral aperture. Excretory pore is located 3–4 annuli posterior to esophageal bulb. Vagina is straight and vulva closed. The ventral side of postvulval annuli is inverted, in majority of individuals. Anus is indistinct and located on the next annuli posterior to vulva. Tail is short, conoid, with forked or branched terminus. Juveniles are devoid of collar-shaped annuli in the lip region. The cephalic region has two rounded annuli where the first annulus shows slight depression in the middle. Body annuli are finely crenated. Anus is indistinct and located 3 to 4 annuli from tail terminus. Tail is short ending in a single lobed terminus. Phylogenetic studies based on analysis of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28 S rRNA, ITS rRNA, partial 18 S rRNA, and coxI gene revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other criconematid species, thereby supporting its status as a new species of the genus. The new species showed close relationships with Discocriconemella sinensis. Additionally, this is the first record of genus Nothocriconemoides from China.
Highlights
The Criconematidae family is commonly referred as ring nematodes
A combined analysis of the three genes was not undertaken due to some sequences not being available for all species
Criconematids have been widely accepted as a monophyletic group based on the esophageal structure, monodelphic ovary and sexual dimorphism
Summary
The Criconematidae family is commonly referred as ring nematodes. The family contains 5 subfamilies and 17 genera (Geraert, 2010). There are many criconematid genera and species that following formal descriptions are seldom mentioned again in the scientific literature One such example is the genus Nothocriconemoides (Maas et al, 1971). The genus contains only two species i.e. Nothocriconemoides crenulatus (Ivanova, 1984) and Nothocriconemoides lineolatus (Maas et al, 1971) that were described from Tadzhikistan and Suriname, respectively. Both species were found associated with forest soils; no association has been reported from soils of cultivated areas (Geraert, 2010). PCR products of sufficiently high quality were sent for sequencing by Invitrogen (Shanghai, China)
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