Lip Makeup Research Articles

Relationships between subjective experience, electroencephalogram, and heart rate variability during a series of cosmetic behavior.

Cosmetic behavior is an important daily activity, especially for women, because it increases visual attractiveness, self-confidence, and positive emotions. However, it is unknown whether a relationship exists between physiological measures and subjective experiences during the series of cosmetic behaviors. Electroencephalograms (EEG) and electrocardiograms (ECG) from thirty female participants who were asked to look in a mirror after applying skincare, as well as base, eye, cheek, and lip makeup were recorded. The price range of cosmetic products was also considered. Subjective evaluations of the skin surface, emotions, and self-confidence were equally measured after looking in the mirror at each step of the cosmetic behavior. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine whether the subjective experience could be explained by the variety of cosmetic products and/or physiological responses. The subjective evaluation was summarized into the following three factors using a factor analysis: self-confidence, hedonic perception, and negative emotion. Each theta-band (4-6 Hz) power, alpha-band (8-13 Hz) power of the EEG, and heart rate variability measures were subjected to a principal component analysis separately. The linear mixed models indicated that the variation in the self-confidence score and the negative emotion score was explained only by the steps of cosmetic behaviors, that is, self-confidence increased while negative emotions decreased as the steps of cosmetic behaviors proceeded. On the other hand, the hedonic perception score was explained by the interaction of the steps of cosmetic behaviors and price, indicating that positive tactile perception and positive emotion were higher when luxury cosmetic products were applied than when affordable products were applied. Furthermore, the model indicated that the hedonic perception score was positively associated with the alpha-band power over occipital sites whereas sympathetic nervous system activity was negatively associated with the alpha-band power over lateral central sites. These results suggest that positive perceptual and emotional experiences are associated with greater attention to somatosensory information than to visual information and sympathetic autonomic nervous system activities. The current results also emphasize the possibility of using physiological measurements as objective measures of cosmetic behavior.

Impact of facial palsy impact on make-up habits: An observational cohort study

ObjectiveThe esthetic problems inherent to peripheral (PFP) are frequent causes of complaint. Make-up is advocated as a form of therapy and can alleviate symptoms of depression. The aim of the present study was to collect data on make-up habits in female PFP patients and assess links with esthetic and/or functional complaints. Material and methodsTwo questionnaires were drawn up to compare make-up habits in female PFP patients and women in the general population. The first was sent out between September and December 2019, to 39 House-Brackmann grade III PFP patients (group A), and the second on-line questionnaire was sent to a control population of 1385 women (group B). ResultsPFP patients used make-up more often than controls at weekends (χ2=16.38; P=0.0009) and while at home (χ2=8.21; P=0.042), and more often with foundation (χ2=17.21; P=0.0006) and lip make-up (χ2=59.31; P<0.0001). The greater their functional complaint, the less they made up their eyes. The greater their self-confidence and the more they felt attractive, the less they made up their lips. ConclusionThe differences in make-up use found in the present study aimed to mask facial palsy and were related to the esthetic complaint, impacting social life.

Lip color diversity: An intricate study.

Lip investigations and characterizations in the literature are less prevalent than for skin, particularly on the topic of color diversity. However, as the consumer demand increases for a nude lip makeup result, that is, shades close to the bare lip color, the identification and modification of lip color is essential for the cosmetic industry. The objective was to highlight lip color diversity among three ethnicities (Caucasian, African and Hispanic), through the use of a spectral color measurement device especially adapted to the lip area, and to consider lip color ethnic specificities and overlaps. The inferior natural lip color was measured with a full-face hyperspectral imaging system, SpectraFace (Newtone Technologies, Lyon, France), on 410 healthy women aged 19 to 68 (Caucasian French, Caucasian American, African American, and Hispanic American women). A hierarchical ascending classification, was deployed to determine clusters based on the lip colorimetric parameters along two strategies to identify the best statistical analysis to preserve the lip color diversity. Lip color is a continuous color space, with great intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic diversity, especially for African American women in terms of chroma and lightness. Among the two strategies of data analysis, our two-step statistical clustering analysis yielded 11 groups (i.e., 11 lip tones), revealing an accurate representation of the scope of diversity, but also of the overlaps. The 11 lip tones/colors could potentially serve as target shades for the development of a more diverse and inclusive range of lip cosmetics, such as nude lipsticks.

“Biar Mirip K-pop Idol”: Optimalisasi Penampilan K-pop Dance Cover di Kota Makassar

Cosmetic products are important in changing the appearance of the face to look like a K-pop idol. The ideal facial appearance standard that the dance cover wants to achieve is one that reflects glowing, thin cheeks, long and colored hair, and a no makeup, makeup look. Although the existing literature has examined how to look as similar as possible to a dance cover, a few if any, has looked at their references in the selection and use of cosmetic products, and this article fills this gap.&#x0D; Using qualitative approach, this study involves ten informants, consisting of four men and six women. Their age ranges between 19 and 27 years, and they are active members of AEON dance cover who also work in different sectors (freelancers, bank employees/frontliners, models. Data collection was conducted by combining observation and interviews.&#x0D; The study shows that face is the part of individual body for dance cover where make-up is most optimized because face is the most important part of being able to determine how similar the dance covers is to the K-pop idol being played. Cosmetic products play a significant role in optimizing the appearance of dance covers to as much as similar to their K-pop idols. Therefore, to optimize the most similar and the best facial appearance, the totality of dance cover is very important. This totality is not only related to the use of make-up cosmetic products (that are visible on the surface), but also related to the use of facecare cosmetic products behind the make-up). both before and after performing. While cosmetics makeup consists of facial, eye and lip makeup; cosmetic care consists of daily care and plus-plus treatment. However, whatever product is used really depends on skin type and the suitability of the product for individual's face. When the product used is suitable (cocok) for the skin in question, then the use of product will be continued. However, when the product is not suitable, then trying (coba) another product is an alternative, until the dance cover finds a product that suits their facial skin. Coba (trying) and cocok (suitable) are conceptually the basis for getting products that suits individual skin. Although information about cosmetic products is obtained by dance covers from social medias (TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, in selecting products, they rely more on YouTube as a valid source of information than other social medias. This is because reviews on YouTube are reviewed by the users themselves, while reviews on other social media (such as TikTok and Instagram) are created by content creators and are intended to promote the products being reviewed

프리티와 섹시 이미지의 걸 그룹 메이크업 연구

This study aimed to make a comparative analysis of color and shape in eye and lip makeup between South Korean girl groups with a wide appeal of pretty and sexy image to understand ingredients of South Korean style makeup in order to provide basic data for Chinese girl groups to apply to their makeup. First of all, when it comes to color for pretty image, eye shadow saw orange red or reddish orange have its desired effect, and so do orange on cheeks and red on lips. With regard to shape for pretty image, penciling eyebrows naturally straight and drawing eye lines extended horizontally with no emphasis on the outer corner of the eye to make eyes look long had the much more desired effect. In addition, incurved lips, with cupid’s bow upper lip and lip lines not clear, proved to be effective. In brief, such makeup designs may be what is recommended as an effective option for Chinese girl groups to have their pretty image. Secondly, as far as color for sexy image goes, eye shadow saw orange red or orange enjoy its apposite effect, and so does red purple, red or orange red on cheeks and on lips. As regards shape for sexy image, penciling eyebrows naturally straight and drawing eye lines extended horizontally with an emphasis on the outer corner of the eye to make eyes look long had its desired effect. Besides, out curved lips, with cupid’s bow upper lip and lip lines underscored, turned to work well. In short, this makeup design option can be a good suggestion for Chinese girl groups to have their sexy image.

The Influence of Cosmetics Purchase Behavior on Makeup before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in College Women

This study attempted to investigate the influence of cosmetics purchase behavior on Makeup before and after the COVID-19 pandemic against college women, and the results found the followings: First, after the COVID-19 outbreak, base Makeup, color Makeup, lip Makeup, cheek Makeup and contour Makeup decreased while basic Makeup increased. Second, concerning the effects of cosmetics purchase behavior on Makeup before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, ‘trend-pursuing purchase’ and ‘conspicuous purchase’ had a positive influence on Makeup before the COVID-19 outbreak with statistical significance. In addition, ‘trend-pursuing purchase’, ‘brandoriented habitual purchase’ and ‘rational purchase’ revealed a positive effect on Makeup after the worldwide pandemic with statistical significance. In sum, college women’s cosmetics purchase behavior have had an influence on their Makeup before and after the COVID- 19 pandemic. It is anticipated that the study results would be helpful in developing sales strategies as basic data for cosmetics development and marketing.

팬데믹시대 선호되는 아이메이크업 이미지에 관한 연구

This study attempted to investigate the trend of eye makeup which has drawn more attention after people started to wear a mask in the pandemic era. For this, 4 most common eye makeup images were suggested, and a questionnaire survey was performed against a total of 398 women in their 10-50s living in Seoul &amp; Gyeonggi, Gwangju &amp; Jeolla and Jeju. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis, using SPSS 21.0, and the results found the followings: In the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, lip makeup has been skipped while eye makeup has been more emphasized. In terms of a preferred eye makeup image, ‘natural (57.8%)’ was the highest, followed by ‘classic (24.6%)’, ‘cute (13.1%)’ and ‘sexy (4.5%)’. In other words, a natural image was most preferred. As the COID-19 pandemic becomes a prolonged crisis, more people started to recognize the importance of eye makeup. In fact, 70.4% were positive about the trend and future of eye makeup.

A Study on Changes in Women's Makeup Interest and Use Patterns Before and After the Outbreak of COVID-19

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate through empirical analysis how the outbreak of Corona 19 has changed women's interest in and use of makeup in domestic women in their teens to 40s. Methods: A survey was conducted on women in their teens to 40s residing in Seoul from the third week to the fourth week of September 2020, and statistical processing of the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program. Results: The overall interest in makeup was found to have been lower after the outbreak of Corona 19. This means that the overall interest in make-up, the need for make-up, product purchase, and appearance satisfaction have decreased after the outbreak of Corona 19 compared to before the outbreak of Corona 19. In addition, lip-oriented makeup such as lip makeup and lipstick appeared to have decreased compared to before the outbreak of Corona 19, which was found to affect women's use of cosmetics. Conclusion: It has been shown that the mandatory use of masks reduces the purchase of cosmetics and also reduces makeup for beauty purposes by women. In addition, it was found that instead of minimizing makeup on the part (lips) that is not exposed when wearing a mask, makeup on the part (eyes or face) exposed when wearing a mask is rather more interested.

Color reproduction in virtual lip makeup using a convolutional neural network

AbstractRecently, it has become possible to examine the suitability of cosmetic products by virtual makeup techniques so that shoppers can buy products online. The virtual makeup can also be utilized at offline stores to prevent possible sanitation problems associated with swatching. Faithful color reproduction is one of the most important factors in virtual makeup applications. Thus, the color difference between the virtual and real makeup results needs to be minimized. However, most previous studies on virtual makeup focus on the recommendation of makeup style rather than on the accuracy of color reproduction. This article proposes an accurate lipstick color reproduction method based on convolutional neural network. This study indicates that the proposed method using a convolutional neural network results in the minimum value of color difference compared with linear regression and multilayer perceptron algorithms.

18∼19세기 조선과 에도의 색조화장 연구

This study analyzed the makeup of Joseon and Edo reflecting the sociocultural aspect and trend of the time as the 18SUPth/SUP and 19SUPth/SUP centuries female culture, and also examined the characteristics in the modern perspective. This study considered the makeup expressed in genre paintings of Joseon and Ukiyo-e of Edo by focusing on the powder makeup, eyebrow makeup, and rouge makeup. The concrete characteristics are as follows. First, powder makeup in the 18SUPth/SUP and 19SUPth/SUP centuries Joseon and Edo was expressed into dry texture with the use of powder and lively texture with the use of cheek rouge. The expression of lively facial texture in the modern Joseon and Edo was also viewed as an aspect of female culture aiming to reveal the individuality and difference in the relationship with eyebrow shape and color expression. Second, he eyebrow makeup of Joseon and Edo women was classified into straight shape, rising shape, slanted shape, arch shape, standard shape and hikimayu. The arch-shape eyebrows showing the feminine and sensuous images, were the envy as the eyebrows of beauty, in relation to the sensuality. The straight-shape eyebrows and rising-shape eyebrows expressed the individual and enterprising makeup images. Third, regarding the color expression of rouge for lip makeup, the Joseon and Edo very boldly used R(v) and R(s) respectively. With the dark eyebrows(Bk), cheek rouge in R(p) & RP(b), and lip rouge(R), the intense and fancy makeup was in popular. The characteristic of Edo’s lip rouge was the fancy color combination in accordance with the use of colors like G(v) and PB(dp). The dynamic and bold color expression for makeup was preferred.

Research on Virtual Makeup System Based on SDM

This paper presents a visual-based virtual makeup system, which uses a camera to turn a user's computer into a virtual mirror. With this system, users do not need to experience in physical store, through the computer user can pick their own designated color lipstick, and to see their lip’s color effect of lipstick in real time. The system first detects the user's face and the positions of user's lips. Based on feature point detection and alignment, the SDM[1] algorithm is used to detect the lip’s feature points in real time. It is highly accurate, fast and it can meet the real-time requirements. We set the lips as the region of interest, then smooth the edge of lips, through the gamma correction to solve the lips of the light compensation because light compensation have a big influence to my lip makeup effect, and finally to achieve lip color. The user can freely choose the lipstick color in the video to watch the effect of the using lipstick. The biggest advantage of the system compared to other existing lip systems is it’s real-time and accuracy.

Calcium spirulan derived from Spirulina platensis inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 attachment to human keratinocytes and protects against herpes labialis

Chronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects. We investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a sulfated polysaccharide contained therein. The inhibitory effects of HSV-1 were assessed by using a plaque reduction assay and quantitative PCR in a susceptible mammalian epithelial cell line and confirmed in human keratinocytes. Time-of-addition and attachment experiments and fluorescence detection of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP16 were used to analyze the mechanism of HSV-1 inhibition. Effects of Ca-SP on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 replication and uptake of the ORF45 tegument protein were tested in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In an observational trial the prophylactic effects of topically applied Ca-SP were compared with those of systemic and topical nucleoside analogues in 198 volunteers with recurrent herpes labialis receiving permanent lip makeup. Ca-SP inhibited HSV-1 infection invitro with a potency at least comparable to that of acyclovir by blocking viral attachment and penetration into host cells. Ca-SP also inhibited entry of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. In the clinical model of herpes exacerbation, the prophylactic effect of a Ca-SP and microalgae extract containing cream was superior to that of acyclovir cream. These data indicate a potential clinical use of Ca-SP containing Spirulina species extract for the prophylactic treatment of herpes labialis and suggest possible activity of Ca-SP against infections caused by other herpesviruses.

천연색소를 함유하는 유중폴리올(Polyol-in-Oil) 립메이크업 제품에 관한 연구

립 메이크업 제품은 음식물과 함께 체내로 유입되므로 안전성에 대한 필요성이 다른 화장품보다 크다. 또한 합성 안료인 타르계 색소에 대한 안전성 문제가 지속적으로 부각되고 있는 상황에서 천연색소에 대한 요구가 점점 증가되고 있으며, 많은 종류의 천연 색소가 개발되고 있다. 하지만 립메이크업 제품에 합성색소 대신 천연색소를 이용하기에는 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 대부분 천연 색소는 안토시아닌 계통의 친수성 물질로 구성되어 있지만, 기존의 입술 화장료는 오일과 왁스로 이루어진 무수상태의 유분산 제형이 대부분이기 때문이다. 따라서 립메이크업 제품은 상기에서 설명한 바와 같인 무수제형이기 때문에 수용성인 천연색소를 사용할 경우에 색상발현도가 낮고 불안정하여 제형에서 색소가 분리되기 쉽다. 또한 천연색소는 pH, 열 및 일광 등에 의해 쉽게 변하는 단점이 있는데, 무수제형에서는 이에 대한 조절이 쉽지 않아 안정도에 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 천연색소를 사용하여 인체에 안전하면서 색상 표현력이 우수한 립메이크업 조성물에 대하여 연구를 수행하였고, 천연색소를 유중폴리올 에멀젼에 포집하여 색소의 안정도를 확보하였으며, 수분증발 시 생기는 건조함이 없는 우수한 보습력을 갖는 립메이크업 제품을 제조하였다. Lip make-up products can be easily taken into body with food. For this reason, those products are requires to meet lots of qualifications compared with other cosmetic products. In addition, concerns about safety on synthesized tar pigments is constantly issued. Thus, demand of natural pigments is gradually increased and many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. However, there are some problems when natural pigments are applied to cometic products instead of synthetic ones. There is a reason that most of natural pigments consist of hydrophilic materials of sort of anthocyanin, but the existing lip make-up products is anhydrous oil dispersion type without water consisting oil and wax. Therefore, when watersoluble natural pigments are applied to anhydrous lip make-up products, color expression is lower and phase separation occurs due to the instability of the product. In addition, natural pigments have disadvantages that they can easily change by pH, heat and sunlight. There are troubles of stability because it is not easy to adjust for these factors in case of anhydrous forms. Aim of study is to develop lip make-up products which have not only safe to human but being high in expression of color by using natural pigments and securing stability of colorant as natural pigments are offered to polyol in oil emulsion. Then, lip make-up products which have heavy moisture while having not dryness that is created when the moisture evaporates are developed.

뷰티 트랜드에 따른 화장 이미지 유형별 화장색채와 질감 변화 분석

This study aims to investigate makeup images shown in the beauty trends and analyzes the characteristics of makeup colors depending on the types of facial makeup. This survey's collected data includes a total of 365 makeup colors which have been shown in the beauty trends for the last three years. The pictures and vocabularies shown in such data were analyzed and thus we could have classificatorily six kinds of makeup images. In addition, makeup colors were divided into two subcategories: eye makeup and lip makeup, both of which have the most significant impact on the makeup images. As the results, the types of makeup images shown at beauty trends were classified such as natural image, gorgeous image, elegant image, sophisticate image, and romantic image. If analyzing yearly changes, active, romantic, and elegant images were common in 2008, and natural image displayed a certain strong tendency amid pro-environmental trends in 2009, and gorgeous images were appeared apparently in 2010, while natural image showed a bullish tendency yet. Regarding to color characteristics by makeup images shown at beauty trends, YR color in eye makeup and R in lip makeup looked bullish generally, and a lot of changes were shown in color tones. This fact gives help in grasping fashion colors and color tones of yearly makeups. Based on these results, this study examines makeup colors for expressing makeup images closely, and then suggests that it could be utilized in makeup color planning.

정조시대와 에도시대(江戶時代)의 화장문화(化粧文化)와 수발문화(鬚髮文化)의 비교 연구

In the Edo period speaking of hair culture, common women wore decorative pigtail ribbons on the right, and twisted from side to side their tressed hair in such a manner as ungeunmeori and traemeori. Instead of gachae, common women used gogae made of their own hair, ungeunmeori on forehead, or jjokjinmeori at the back of head. During the Edo period, people women naturally exposed their necklines as a way of exposing their faces in the aesthetically ceremonial act of wearing make-up. As for lipsticks, they rouged extracts from red petals of safflowers mainly on their lips, and sometimes on their cheeks by blending this with white powder. Samurai families disliked women who wore thick lip makeup. In the latter period, women painted their necklines or foreheads black, applied a small amount of rouge on their cheeks thinly or thickly, and colored a reddish color into their fingernails by using petals and leaves of balsam flowers. Despite the chronological and spatial proximity of the King Jeongjo period and the Edo period, it was found that there were no similarities between two countries' cosmetic cultures. Moreover, it was discovered that current TV dramas were being produced, even not based on historical evidence in the Jeongjo period.

A Study on the Comparison of the Glam and Punk Make-up - Focused on the 1970s -

【Popular music unites people who have different genders, ages, locals, and values. Through the popular music, youth interchange their emotion and create their fashion. Fashion and music formed the twin pillars on which the first historically significant youth sub-culture was built. Glam rock and Punk rock which won popularity in the 1970s influenced the fashion of the times. The purpose of this study is to compare Glam and Punk make-up which appeared as a symbol of the rebel against an older generation. The methodology utilized in this study was the analysis of materials from the survey through the literature, internet sites, and visual references. The results of this study are as follows: In face make-up, Glam used a white base to appear cosmic; on the other hand, Punk used a white base to appear pale and horrid. In eye make-up, Glam used black, pink, and blue eye shadow, and accented the eye by using black eye lines. Punk used black eye shadow, and drew black circles or squares around eyes. In lip make-up, Glam used pink, purple, red, and black lip color and silver and pink lip gloss to glitter. Punk used red and black lip color to appear horrid. In body make-up, Glam used glitter powder to appear with a bright skin. Punk drew tattoos and horror patterns in their body. The common themes of Glam and Punk make-up were rebellion, androgyny, and the beauty of ugliness as well as a self-created persona.】

Do cosmetics enhance female Caucasian facial attractiveness?

This study sought to investigate whether cosmetics do improve female facial attractiveness, and to determine whether the contribution of different cosmetic products are separable, or whether they function synergistically to enhance female beauty. Ten volunteers were made up by a beautician under five cosmetics conditions: (i) no make-up; (ii) foundation only; (iii) eye make-up only; (iv) lip make-up only; and (v) full facial make-up. Male and female participants were asked to view the 10 sets of five photographs, and rank each set from most attractive to least attractive. As predicted, faces with full make-up were judged more attractive than the same faces with no make-up. Sex differences within the results were also apparent. Women judged eye make-up as contributing most to the attractiveness. Men rated eye make-up and foundation as having a significant impact on the attractiveness of a full facial makeover. Surprisingly, lipstick did not appear to contribute to attractiveness independently.