Lip Cancer Research Articles

Survival probabilities and trends for lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancers in Northern Portugal in the period 2000-2009.

BackgroundOral cancer represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Our aim was to analyse the survival probabilities and trends of patients presenting with lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancers, who were residents in the north of Portugal.MethodsUsing cancer-registry data, we conducted a population-based study of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancers diagnosed in the period 2000–2009, among residents in the north of Portugal. Net survival was estimated using the Pohar-Perme estimator. Excess hazard ratios (for gender, age group, tumour location, stage, residence area and period of diagnosis) were estimated using flexible parametric models.ResultsA total of 2,947 cases (79.5% males) were included of which 18.5% were located on the lip, 56.2% in the oral cavity and 25.3% in the oropharynx. A large proportion of patients were diagnosed in stages III and IV (18.6% and 48.7%, respectively). The 5-year net survival (5yr-NS) for all three cancer sites together was 46% (95%CI 44–48), being 88% (95%CI 83–94), 41% (95%CI 38–43) and 27% (95%CI 23–30) for lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer, respectively. The 5yr-NS stratified by tumour stage was 84% (95%CI 78–90) for stage I, 69% (95%CI 63–76) for stage II, 42% (95%CI 37–47) for stage III and 19% (95%CI 16–21) for stage IV. When comparing the periods 2000–4 and 2005–9, no overall improvements in survival were observed. However, when analysed by stage, a significant reduction in the adjusted excess mortality was observed for stages II (p = 0.021) and III (p < 0.001).ConclusionMore than half of the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers were diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, having a low survival probability. Improvements in survival in the first decade of this century were limited to stages II and III, which were the result of changes in hospital cancer care practices.

Immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) isoform and apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) in actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but this process is not fully understood. This study evaluated the immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) isoform and apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) in AC and lower lip SCC (LLSCC). Twenty-two AC and 44 LLSCCs (22 with regional nodal metastasis and 22 without metastasis) were selected. The percentages of nuclear (GRα) and cytoplasmic (GRα, Bcl-2, and Bax) staining in epithelial cells were assessed and correlated with clinical (tumor size/extent and clinical stage) and histopathological parameters (risk of malignant transformation for AC and histopathological grade of malignancy for LLSCCs). Expression of GRα was observed in all cases studied, with relatively high median percentages of positive staining. When compared to AC, LLSCCs exhibited lower nuclear expression and higher cytoplasmic expression of GRα (P < 0.05). Regarding clinicopathological parameters, significant differences were only found for cytoplasmic expression of GRα according to the histopathological grade of LLSCCs (P = 0.036). Higher expression of Bax compared to Bcl-2 was observed in AC and LLSCCs (P < 0.05). In LLSCCs, there was a positive correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of GRα (P = 0.006). Reduced nuclear translocation and increased cytoplasmic expression of GRα may be important events in lip carcinogenesis but are not involved in the progression of LLSCC. The role of GRα in lip cancer development does not seem to be primarily related to modulations in the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax.

Modulatory Effect of Mushroom Extract on 7, 12-Dimethyle Anthracene (DMBA)-Induced Lip Cancer in Albino Rats

Background: Oral cancer constitutes approximately 25% of all cancer types. 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) has been widely used as an active chemical inducer for mammary carcinogenesis. COX-2 enzyme is frequently found in certain types of cancer, including colon, lung, breast, pancreas, head, and neck cancers and is usually associated with poor prognosis and short survival. Mushrooms contain polysaccharides that are thought to inhibit tumor growth and viral infection by stimulating immune cells. Objective: The present work aimed to investigate the effect of mushroom extract on DMBA-induced lip carcinogenesis in albino rats and correlate the results with COX-2 tissue expression.Materials and methods: Thirty-six adult female albino ratswere divided into three groups as follows (twelve rats each); Group 1: (–ve control group in which each rat was given 1 ml sesame oil via gastric gavage as a single weekly dose for 6 weeks). Group 2: DMBA (+ve control group in which each rat was given DMBA emulsion via gastric gavage as a single weekly dose for 6 weeks). Group 3: DMBA+M (Experimental group in which each rat was given DMBA emulsion for 3 weeks and was co-administered with mushroom extract (dissolved in distilled water) for the following 3 weeks via gastric gavage. Lip specimens were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemically prepared for COX-2 expression. The area fraction expressed by COX-2 was calculated histomorphometrically. The data was expressed statistically as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.).Results: Both mucous membrane and skin side of Group 2 specimens showed signs of basement membrane rupture as well as hyperchromatic, pleomorphic and dysplastic epithelial cells. Connective tissue showed invasionwith dysplastic epithelial cells, dilated and congested blood vessels with many inflammatory cells. However, the mucous membrane side Group 3 exhibited almost intact basement membrane and only few hyperchromatic epithelial cells. The connective tissue displayed less inflammatory cell infiltration with almost absent invasion while, skin side of Group 3 presented some epithelial areas with intracellular edema but apparently minimal invasion of epithelial cells in the dermal connective tissue.The immunoexpression pattern of COX-2 in both mucous membrane and skin side of Group 2 was clear and strongly positive in epithelial and connective tissue cells. However, Group 3 showed down regulated expression of COX-2.Statistical results presented a significantly reduced expression of COX-2 in Group 1 followed by Group 3, while the highest expression was shown in Group 2.Conclusion: Mushroom extract is a possible natural source that may limit the carcinogenic effect of a known carcinogenic agent by suppressingits inflammatory reaction and invasive power.

Gulf of Mexico Seafood Harvesters, Part 2: Occupational Health-Related Risk Factors

The purpose of this literature review, the second in a series following one on traumatic injuries and fatigue, is to identify potential health hazards to inform a study of occupational health and safety among fish harvesters in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Fish harvesters are potentially at a high risk of occupational illnesses in GoM fisheries. GoM fishers engage in harvesting shrimp, finfish, oysters, crabs, and clams. Method: The method is a narrative literature review. Search terms that included safety, seafood, occupational, fishing, oyster, clam, shrimp, crab, and GoM were used to identify relevant literature in combination (i.e., a string search). Results: A total of 53 manuscripts were reviewed, of which only two regarded the GoM, but 19 were from the US Atlantic Coast. Musculoskeletal disorders are widespread across the fishing sector. Other hazards include bites and stings from aquatic animals (some of which may be life-threatening), vessel engine noise, dermatoses, and other skin afflictions (including possible strep infection of wounds), solar ray-induced eye diseases, and respiratory exposures (such as to protein aerosols) that can cause asthma. Diving poses multiple breathing and other hazards. Conclusion: While fish harvesters are protected from respiratory problems when working on the well-ventilated deck and dermal hazards by wearing gloves, musculoskeletal, bite and sting, ocular, engine-related hearing loss, and skin, lip, and eye cancer hazards are potentially serious risks among GoM fish harvesters.

Hydrochlorothiazide Is Associated with Modest Excess Risk for Melanoma

Hydrochlorothiazide use is associated with excess risk for lip and nonmelanoma skin cancers, especially squamous cell cancers. Investigators in Denmark

Malignant transformation of actinic cheilitis: A systematic review of observational studies.

The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the malignant transformation rate of actinic cheilitis (AC). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, OvidSP, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria comprised of observational human studies involving the malignant transformation of AC and publications in English. Studies included in this review were clinical follow-up, cohort, retrospective, or prospective investigations. The search yielded 1126 articles, and after exclusion, 34 full-text articles were eligible for full-text analysis. Only one article met the inclusion criteria. Based on the included article, it was determined that the malignant transformation rate of AC to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 3.07%. Excluded articles focused on the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment efficacies of AC, and no malignant transformation rate was assessed. There is a need for more clinical studies on the malignant transformation of AC, as lip cancer is a public health concern. High-risk populations, including those living in tropical regions, have excessive exposure to UV radiation, and have older aged males, fair-skinned people, and smokers should be identified to prevent AC and its malignant change. Health practitioners should facilitate early intervention to prevent the progression of AC to SCC of the lip.

Defining Survivorship Trajectories Across Patients With Solid Tumors

Survivorship involves a multidisciplinary approach to surveillance and management of comorbidities and secondary cancers, overseen by oncologists, surgeons, and primary care physicians. Optimal timing and coordination of care, however, is unclear and often based on arbitrary 5-year cutoffs. To determine high- and low-risk periods for all tumor types that could define when survivorship care might best be overseen by oncologists and when to transition to primary care physicians. In this pan-cancer, longitudinal, observational study, excess mortality hazard, calculated as an annualized mortality risk above a baseline population, was plotted over time. The time this hazard took to stabilize defined a high-risk period. The percent morality elevation above age- and sex-matched controls in the latter low-risk period was reported as a mortality gap. The US population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database defined the cancer population, and the US Census life tables defined controls. Incident cases of patients with cancer were separated into tumor types based on International Classification of Diseases for Oncology definitions. Population-level data on incident cancer cases was compared with the general US population. Overall mortality and cause of death were reported on observed cancer cases. A total of 2 317 185 patients (median age, 63 years; 49.8% female) with 66 primary tumor types were evaluated. High-risk surveillance period durations ranged from less than 1 year (breast, prostate, lip, ocular, and parathyroid cancers) up to 19 years (unspecified gastrointestinal cancers). The annualized mortality gap, representing the excess mortality in the stable period, ranged from a median 0.26% to 9.33% excess annual mortality (thyroid and hypopharyngeal cancer populations, respectively). Cluster analysis produced 6 risk cluster groups: group 1, with median survival of 16.2 (5th to 95th percentile range [PR], 10.7-40.2) years and median high-risk period of 2.5 (PR, 0-5.0) years; group 2, 8.3 (PR, 5.1-23.3) and 2.5 (PR, 4.0-8.0) years; group 3, 2.8 (PR, 1.4-3.7) and 7.0 (PR, 6.0-11.1) years; group 4, 1.6 (PR, 1.5-1.8) and 6.0 (PR, 5.1-11.4) years; group 5, 0.8 (PR, 0.5-1.2) and 0.8 (PR, 0.5-1.2) years; and group 6, 0.5 (PR, 0.4-0.8) and 12.0 (PR, 9.3-12.9) years, respectively. Subanalyses of selected tumor types in these groups revealed that stratifying on stage and histologic type can change the risk cluster and guidance for care. These findings indicate that a standardized 5-year surveillance period is inadequate for some cancers while excessive for others. High-risk cancers require the most resources with the longest high-risk period, highest persistent baseline mortality risk, and longest period of primary cancer mortality, all arguing for longer follow-up with an oncologist in these cancers.

Moesin Involvement in Oral Carcinogenesis of the Lower Lip.

This study analyzed moesin immunoexpression in 91 lip squamous cell carcinomas and its influence in patients' prognosis. Moesin immunoexpression was evaluated at the invasive tumor front by a semi-quantitative score method. The association of moesin with the clinicopathological variables was analyzed by the Chi-square test, the survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and the survival curves compared using the log-rank test. The expression of moesin was strong at the invasive tumor front and weak/negative in differentiated cells such as keratin pearls. There was no association between moesin expression and the clinicopathological variables, but there was a tendency for patients with lip cancer and strong moesin expression to have lower 5- and 10-year overall and disease-free survival rates. Our results confirm the participation of moesin in oral carcinogenesis and suggest that this protein can influence the survival rates of patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Incidence of type 2 diabetes among oral cancer patients in Hungary

Data proves that Hungary has a leading role in the statistics of oral cancer and patients living with type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to understand the statistical correlation between oral cancer and metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose) due to the valuable data from the Semmelweis University. We analyzed the data of 835 patients diagnosed with malignant oral cancer and 587 tumor-free control patients. We investigated the incidence and location of oral cancer among patients living with diabetes, and compared these datasets with our previous data from 14 years earlier. We found that in oral cancer patients, 26.1% had diabetes and 20.8% had impaired fasting glucose; in the control group these ratios were 10.8% and 11.1%. This difference is significant (p<0.05). 14 years ago in the tumor group 14.6%, in the control group 5.6% had diabetes, while 9.7% and 5.5% had impaired fasting glucose. Lip cancer had the biggest incidence. The rise of type 2 diabetes in the tumor group was significant. This could be a burden for the health care system. We want to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation between health care professionals. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(20): 803-807.

The association between immunoexpression levels of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes and lip squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among the immunoexpression levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors in patients with LSCC. The immunoexpression levels of Mn-SOD, GPx, and MPO were examined in 76 LSCC tissue samples using immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray slides, and compared to those in normal lip mucosa adjacent to venous lakes (normal controls), normal tissue adjacent to corresponding tumors (NTACT), and recurrent tumors. Associations between immunoexpression levels and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using the Student's t-test. The prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox regression. The immunoexpression levels of Mn-SOD, GPx, and MPO were significantly different among the normal controls, NTACTs, tumors, and recurrent tumors (Mn-SOD: p=0.001, GPx: p<0.001, MPO: p<0.001). Lower lip cancer was associated with higher Mn-SOD immunoexpression levels (p=0.04) and probably indicated higher oxidative stress. Lymph node involvement with a lower immunoexpression level of MPO (p=0.007) indicated compensatory mechanism to attenuate oxidative damage. A low Mn-SOD immunoexpression level was borderline significantly associated with a worse prognosis for disease-specific survival, and it was probably related to a lower capacity for coping with oxidative stress.

High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in early stage buccal mucosa and lip cancer: report on 12 consecutive patients and review of the literature.

To evaluate clinical outcome and toxicity using high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy in head and neck carcinomas. Between September 2004 and April 2010, a series of 12 patients with lip (7 patients) or buccal mucosa (5 patients) cancers were treated by exclusive interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The median age of the patients was 71.5 years (range, 47-87). Stages were T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 in 6 and 6 patients, respectively. A dose of 27 to 54 Gy in 9 to 16 fractions, 3 to 4.5 Gy per fraction, 2 fractions per day with a minimal gap of 6 h in between was delivered. After a median follow-up of 46 months (range, 10-85), the disease-free and overall survival was 83% (10 of 12 patients) and 50% (6 of 12 patients), respectively. The crude local control in the lip cancer patients was 100% and in the buccal mucosa cancer patients was 60%. No severe toxicity was registered. High-dose-rate brachytherapy is feasible and safe and offers the possibility to treat patients in an outpatient regimen.

Antihypertensive drugs and risk of skin cancer.

The potential carcinogenic risk of antihypertensive drugs has been examined in several studies that reported controversial results. The association between treatment with antihypertensives and risk of skin cancer has also been questioned, considering the long-term administration of such drugs and the ability of some agents to cause photosensitive reactions. In fact, experimental and epidemiologic findings suggest a link between drug-induced photosensitivity and skin cancer, possibly through the induction of DNA damage in predisposed individuals. Antihypertensive medications might influence skin homeostasis through additional mechanisms. For instance, some antihypertensive drugs can affect epidermal differentiation by interfering with calcium or sodium channels in the skin. Mediators in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are also involved in the modulation of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Of note, the existence of RAS has been recognized in many organs and tissues, including the skin. The available data regarding the relationship between use of different types of antihypertensives and skin cancer risk do not allow to draw definite conclusions at present. The aim of this article is to summarize the current evidence about the association of antihypertensive use with risk of non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, lip cancer and cutaneous lymphoma. A brief mention of the role of beta-blockers in melanoma progression has also been added.

Pair-Wise Family-Based Correlation Model for Spatial Count Data

When linear, binary or count responses are collected from a series of (spatial) locations, the responses from adjacent/neighboring locations are likely to be correlated. To model the correlation between the responses from two adjacent locations, many existing studies assume that the two locations belong to a family and their responses are correlated through the random effects of common locations shared by them. In developing a correlation model for similar spatial responses, a recent study, however, used a much broader concept that the two selected neighboring locations have their own family and the correlation between the responses from these two locations are formulated by exploiting the correlations among the random effects belonging to both families. But, this study was confined to the linear spatial responses only. In this paper, we consider spatial count responses such as the number of lip cancer cases collected from a series of (spatial) locations, and develop a correlation model for spatial counts by following the recent pair-wise family-based spatial correlation model for the linear data. The correlation models for spatial linear and count responses are generally different. As far as the estimation of the parameters of the proposed correlation model for spatial counts is concerned, we develop a second-order moments-based GQL (generalized quasi-likelihood) approach for the estimation of the regression parameters, and a fourth-order moments-based GQL approach for the estimation of both variance and correlation of the random effects. It is demonstrated through an intensive simulation study that the proposed GQL approach works quite well in estimating all parameters of the underlying correlation model developed for spatial counts. The proposed model and the estimation methodology have been illustrated through an analysis of the well-known Scottish lip cancer data.

Risk of suicide within 1 year of cancer diagnosis.

The association of the risk of suicide with cancer at different time points after a new cancer diagnosis is unclear. This study explored the suicide hazard at different time points after a first cancer diagnosis during the 1-year period before suicide. This case-crossover study included 2,907 suicide cases from 2002 to 2012 in Taiwan and compared the odds of suicide risk at different time points during one year after any cancer diagnosis with self-matched periods. The 13th month preceding the suicide date was used as the control period, and the hazard period was the duration from the 1st to 12th month in the conditional logistic regression for case-crossover comparisons. Among major groups of cancers, group of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancers tended to have higher risk of suicide than other groups of cancers. The first month of cancer diagnosis was associated with the highest risk of suicide compared with the 13th month before suicide. The odds ratio (OR) of suicide were significantly in the first six months after cancer diagnosis but declined afterwards. For example, the adjusted OR was 3.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.60-4.62] in the first month and 1.53 (95% CI = 1.11-2.12) in the sixth month following cancer diagnosis. These findings provide clinicians with a vital reference period during which sufficient support and necessary referral to mental health support should be provided to reduce the risk of suicide among patients with newly diagnosed cancer morbidity.

Epidemiological Aspects in Lip Tumors in Oltenia Region of Romania During 2012-2016.

Purpose. The objective of this study was to review lip tumor diagnosed subjects from Oltenia region, in the past 5 years according to gender, age, home environment, profession, geographic area, smoking habit, associated diseases, tumor location, macroscopic aspect and histological type. Material and Methods. The study was done at the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Craiova, and involved the analysis of patient file records, surgical registers, histopathological bulletins, from 2012-2016. Results. Of the 175 subjects included in this study, all of them diagnosed with lip tumor pathology, 109 (62.29%) were men, and 66 (37.71%) were women, all of them with ages between 6 and 92 years, with a mean age of 61 years. Distribution of study participants according to the home residence showed that majority of the subjects lived in rural area. The most frequently localization of lip tumors in study participants was at the lower lip-140 cases (80%), than at the upper lip-35 cases (20%).According to histological characteristics, distribution of the malignant lip tumors was 87.39%-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 5.41%-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 7.20%-other type of tumors. Conclusions. The lower lip was the most affected, by lip cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma represents the most frequently histological type of these tumors.

Mental Nerve and Field Blocks for Lip Cancer Radiotherapy: A Case Report

Carcinoma of the lower lip is commonly treated with high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy. Placing catheters to the lip and mentum area in post hemimandibulectomy patient may require general anesthesia considering difficult airway anatomy. We present the use of mental nerve blocks and field block with minimal sedation as an alternative to General anesthesia for placement of Brachytherapy catheters.

Audit about first consultations on head and neck oncological surgery in Brazil

Introduction: The establishment of high complexity centers in Oncology aims to guarantee faster access to a specialist. Objective: to evaluate the profile of the cases referenced to a head and neck oncology center. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, selecting first consultations for head and neck surgical oncology in a public service of a philanthropic institution, for 12 consecutive months. Clinical and demographical data were obtained, besides information about diagnosis, staging of malignant cases, treatment and outcomes. Results: From the308 cases included, 197 (63.9%) cases confirmed malignancy (62.0%) or had high suspicion for cancer (1.9%). The remaining 111 (36.0%) cases were confirmed benign diseases (53 - 17.2%) or cases with high suspicion of benignity (58 - 18.8%). Non-melanocytic skin cancer comprised most of the malignant cases (63.3%); non-cancerous thyroid pathologies were the majority of benign cases (45.9%). Most cases of skin and lip cancer presented with disease at early stages (86.8%), while most cases of cancer of the upper airway and digestive tract (UADT) and thyroid/ salivary glands were in advanced stages (75.6 and 71.4%, respectively). There were not deaths related to the disease in the first year of follow-up, apart from the UADT cancer group. Among these, the 12-month survival was 45.9%. Advanced staging, history of alcoholism and irresectability/inoperability were associated with poorer prognosis. Conclusion: Compared to other global centers, the observed rate of first oncological consultations was high. Among the cases of UADT cancer, history of alcoholism and more advanced clinical and pathological presentation were associated with lower survival.

Cancer Incidence Among Hardmetal Production Workers: The Swedish Cohort.

The cancer incidence was determined for 3713 workers from three plants from 1958 to 2011. The exposure measures were ever/never exposed, duration, cumulative, and mean cobalt concentrations.The incidence of all malignant neoplasms was increased at one plant, but standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 0.96 for all workers. Lung cancer incidence was increased for all workers, SIR 1.38 (1.01 to 1.85). The lung cancer incidence was associated with shorter employment time and showed no exposure–response. There was decreased incidence for skin cancer. Increased lip cancer incidence found at one of the production plants might be related to diagnostic intensity.Lung cancer incidence showed no correlation to cobalt exposure based on internal comparison. The increased SIR for all workers might be associated with other factors.

Lip reconstruction technique: A modified Abbe-Estlander with a myomucosal advancement flap

Lip cancer represents between 12–15% of all oral cavity cancers; 95% affect the lower lip. The main objectives in lip reconstruction after tumoral mass resection are functionality and esthetics. We present the case of an 81-year-old male with a past medical history of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla. The patient consults with the Maxillofacial Surgery Department due to a hypertrophic lesion in the left oral commissure. The defect is considered intermediate in size (between 50% and two-thirds). For reconstruction of the lip, a classical rotation flap (Estlander flap) is used together with a myomucosal flap, which is both innervated and expandable. According to medical literature, for intermediate defects of the lower lip advancement or rotation flaps should be used. One of these is the Abbe-Estlander flap, a rotation flap dependent of the superior or the inferior labial artery. The Karapandzic flap and Johansen's staircase flap are other recommended techniques.

Predictors for oral cancer in Brazil

Abstract Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome variable was divided into “oral cancer” and “cancer of other head and neck regions.” The data were analysed by multiple binary logistic regression; α=5%. Result The protective factor was: approximately 12 years of education (OR = 0.85). The risk factors were: being an ex-consumer (OR=1.19) or consumer (OR=1.11) of alcohol, tobacco use (OR=1.35) and a prior diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (OR=1.21). Conclusion Was concluded that the oral cancer had the following predictors compared to other types of head and neck cancer during the same period: approximately 12 years of education (protective factor) and ex-consumer or consumer of alcohol, smoking and previous diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (risk factors).