Linguistic Understanding Research Articles

Embodiment in the diversity of literary experience: a reply to Wolfgang Teubert (2021)

Abstract This article offers our reply to Wolfgang Teubert. 2021. Embodiment is not the answer to meaning: A discussion of the theory underlying the article by Carina Rasse and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. in JLS 50(1). Journey of Literary Semantics 50. 89–106. Teurbert’s article examined discussion of our earlier publication in this journal on metaphorical thinking in people’s literary experiences of J.D. Salinger’s novel “The Catcher in the Rye.” Teubert makes several points about our advocacy of an embodied perspective on literary meaning and interpretation. He argues that literary experience is best characterized in terms of people’s verbalized, reflective statements about the meanings of literary texts. Data from cognitive linguistic analyses and behavioral experiments are less compelling, in his view, because these studies examine embodied metaphors from a discourse-external perspective and mostly focus on people’s fast, mostly unconscious processing of verbal metaphors. Our reply highlights the importance of studying linguistic understanding, and literary experience, along varying time-dimensions, the fact that many linguistic and behavioral studies examine embodied metaphorical thinking in more reflective, social circumstances, exactly as Teubert recommends. Finally, we suggest that looking at literary experience from an embodied perspective is tightly associated with a discourse-analytic point of view. Scholars can never dismiss the reality of embodiment in literary experience because it provides a critical, but not exclusive, constraint on how we express ourselves and enable others to create specific patterns of meaning in the words they read.

A fuzzy logic based assessment algorithm for developing a warehouse assessment scheme

A new integrated assessment algorithm is proposed for a warehouse assessment scheme. This new algorithm integrates three paradigms, namely, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (IT2FLS). Based on the defined criteria and the various warehouses assessed according to these criteria, the GRA is employed to determine the grey relational grade. The DEA is, then, utilized to estimate the warehouse efficiency scores. Finally, the IT2FLS is developed to map the efficiency scores of the warehouses to the assessed values of the defined criteria. The developed IT2FLS can be used to assess new warehouses without re-performing the calculations of the GRA and the DEA. Validated on several warehouses, the integrated assessment algorithm can assess warehouses successfully, and can tackle the uncertainties during the assessment process. In addition to comparing the warehouses with the best practice, it can also provide managers with a linguistic understanding of the effect of the defined criteria on the warehouse performance.

WOMEN FIGURES IN FANTASY ART

People say that “Never judge a book by its cover,” but the cover of the book invites us towards it. I remember, during my college years, of going to a bookstore, named” IDEA” in New Delhi, and buying an expensive book named “ENCHANTMENT” stories by Doris Vallejo, Illustrated by Boris Vallejo. The thing, that attracted me, was cover of the book. At that point of time, I was not prepared for reading stories, but I bought this book because of its illustrations, which enchanted me. In Fantasy Art, we see a visual world and feel a World of Imagination which is a representation of reality. In Fantasy art, we can time travel and become anything of our choosing. This is not the world, we know and live in, but a world of our conceived and perceived imagination. In this imaginative world, female figures, plays a key role in provoking our feelings, invite us, for a heroic journey to explore an unknown world. Through this article, I would like to invite you to join me, on a fantastic journey of this female representation in Visual World and become part of this Fantasy Artwork. To build the idea of FANTASY ART from a linguistic understanding following writings lead us on, the Meriam webster dictionary define art as “The conscious use of skill and creative imagination, especially in the production aesthetic objects; also; works to produce”. In Shabdkosh Hindi Dictionary, “The creation of beautiful or significant things”. “The product of human creativity; works of art collectively”. The definition, I listen in my college is “Art Is Representation of Reality”. Regardless of definition, we all know about what art is and what it is not. Dictionary meaning of word fantasy is “Imagination unrestricted by reality” and fantasy art meaning is, an imaginative world, that could be, may it be, would have been, or could never be. In this imaginative art style, the artwork which can be thought provoking, whimsical, challenging, disturbing, unreal, and challenging of notions of rationality.

Wittgenstein's Account of Music and its Comparison to Language: Understanding, Experience and Rules

AbstractIn this article, I discuss Wittgenstein’s conception of music, musical understanding and the sense of comparing music to language. I argue that for Wittgenstein, musical understanding is describable as a specific kind of experience that is public and sharable. I then reject any formalist view, which asserts that musical understanding is exclusively an ability to follow a set of established rules. Second, I illustrate the scope of Wittgenstein’s comparison between languages and posit that music is useful for clarifying the concept of linguistic understanding in the case of certain specific language‐games, such as making jokes or puns. I will finally show that no thesis on the nature of language parallels and follows such a comparison.

Linguistic understandability, signal observability, funding opportunities, and crowdfunding campaigns

This study examines the impact of readability and understandability of the narratives on the signal receiver's acceptance of the signal which, in turn, affects a potential funder's decision, and hence the funding outcomes. Lexicon-related indicators and grammar-related indicators are applied to analyze 267,688 crowdfunding projects from the crowdfunding platform Indiegogo. Entrepreneurs must apply the right mix of lexicon- and grammar-related indicators to improve the online narrative's readability and understandability so as to send the right signals to attract project funders. Our results suggest that most of the indicators promote successful funding. Some indicators show a curvilinear, U-shape or inverted U-shape influence. The lexicon-related indicators rank higher in importance than the grammar-related indicators, and the number of difficult words ranks first among the indicators. This study links signal observability, linguistic cues, and funding success, and provides theoretical and practical implications on the understanding of signaling theory and narratives.

Развитие способностей к декодированию у детей, говорящих на боснийском языке: лонгитюдное двухлетнее исследование

Reading is one of the most important academic skills that children master in the early grades of elementary school. The simple view of reading postulates that it consists of decoding abilities and linguistic understanding. The present study aims to explore the development of decoding abilities in the Bosnian language in children from Grade 3 to Grade 5. We assessed the relationships between word reading and pseudoword reading as measures of decoding skills, and phonemic deletion task, rapid automatized naming (RAN) of letters, and RAN of objects as the predictors of decoding skills. The sample for this study comprised 36 children (16 girls, 20 boys). This study’s results showed a significant improvement in decoding skills from Grade 3 to Grade 5. The best predictor of word reading in Grade 5 was RAN of objects in Grade 3, followed by RAN of letters in Grade 3. On the other hand, the significant predictors of pseudoword reading in Grade 5 were RAN of objects and the phoneme deletion task in Grade 3. Understanding reading development from Grade 3 to Grade 5 is informative and can help create better reading instruction for all readers.

Web Susceptibility findings by Machine Learning in the Case of Cross-web Request Falsification

In this article, we have a tendency to propose a strategy to leverage Machine Learning (ML) for the detection of net application vulnerabilities. net applications area unit significantly difficult to analyse, thanks to their diversity and also the widespread adoption of custom programming practices. Millilitre is so terribly useful for net application security: it will benefit of manually tagged information to bring the human understanding of the net application linguistics into automatic analysis tools. we have a tendency to use our methodology within the style of Mitch, the primary millilitre answer for the black-box detection of Cross-Site Request Falsification(CSRF) vulnerabilities. Mitch allowed U.S.A. to spot thirty five new CSRFs on twenty major websites and three new CSRFs on production package.

The Concept of Emancipation as Political Action (Marx, Arendt, Rancière)

The text attempts to rethink the concept of emancipation and how it is structured as political action, while describing its historical origins and how it is further understood by the three important political philosophers: Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt, and Jacques Rancière. All three of them – specifically and with substantial differences – understand politics as a space for political action that leads to emancipation in the name of equality. In order to determine the historical origin of the concept in more detail, the argumentation of the text rely upon its elaboration within the school of “conceptual history”, which deals with the historical semantics of terms and sees the etymology of and the change in the meaning of terms as forming a crucial basis for a contemporary cultural, conceptual, and linguistic understanding, and afterwards it links this “pre-history” with Marx’s, Arendt’s, and Rancière’s understanding of the concept of emancipation, and see how they differ and are related to each other, considering what theoretical conclusions about the concept of emancipation we can take from these relations. Particular interest is aimed at how the concept of emancipation is perceived today, who the subject of emancipation is, what the method and final goal of emancipation is, and, finally, how these understandings can help us in the present time when it seems that we need emancipation more than ever.

Building Bridges: A Conversation between Friends, about Language, Laziness, and Long-distance Running

This conversation took place in a shared Google Doc over several occasions in April and early May 2021, between friends and colleagues, artists and writers, Hannah Clarkson and Matilda Tucker, in the context of an ongoing experiment in collaborative writing. In their individual and collective practices, Clarkson and Tucker explore potential embodiments in language(s) of thinking and dwelling in the ‘here and elsewhere’ of places and spaces they may not physically be in, across cultural, geographical and/or emotional distance. They are interested in how language can be employed as a tool for empathy beyond concrete linguistic understanding; how translation as method opens up to modalities of fictioning and collective storytelling; and writing as an experiment in sharing everyday struggles and building collective narratives of care. An attempt to bridge gaps between the here and elsewhere of Stockholm, Berlin and all the other places that in this time of pandemic we cannot be, the text below is not a conclusion but a conversation. It is a thinking out loud - or rather, on screen - together, on themes of language and translation; belonging and resisting; work and laziness; former and formless selves.

An Analysis of Translation Error that Occurs among English Foreign Language Students

The quality of translation can affect the quality of information conveyed. However, errors often occur. It is evidenced by the various errors that can be found in this study. The objectives of this study are: 1) To check types of translation errors in Indonesian to English translation. 2) To find the possible explanations for the sources of errors made by the students in translation. The researcher hopes that it can help students to enrich their knowledge about learning translation. The methodology of this study was qualitative in case study design. The data was obtained from student tests. Researchers also conducted interviews to find out the source of the translation error. It analyzed the data and calculated each error with frequency and percentage. The respondents of this study were English Foreign Language students of Class TBI-E 2016 of UIN SMH Banten. They made some errors when they translated text from Indonesian into English. The researcher found that each error was a syntax error (68.13%), then a semantic error (31.87%). Researchers also found sources of translation errors: lack of linguistic understanding, translation procedures, unconfident, and inattention. The recommendation from the researcher is to inform students about the correct translation procedure. Moreover, more tasks about vocabulary and structure hope to be able to increase their English skill

The importance of language and culture to the growing Sino-Caribbean commercial relationship

Language and culture play a critical role in international commercial relations. Since the 19th century, the English language has undeniably held the prominent position as the global lingua franca to facilitate communication between nations. However, China’s contemporary re-emergence as an economic superpower has expanded its global influence. Consequently, awareness of Chinese culture and language is becoming important not only globally, but also in the Caribbean, where China’s economic footprint has expanded considerably in recent years. This article conceptually explores the important role of language and culture within the growing Sino-Caribbean commercial relationship. Specifically, it discusses the potential impact of language on the trade and tourism sectors, which are two key industries that drive the economies of English-speaking Caribbean small island developing states. It does this by charting the development of the English and Chinese languages as dominant languages. It then briefly looks at the current level of Chinese engagement with the region in trade and, more contemporarily, the potential of greater Chinese tourism in the Caribbean. It discusses the value of deeper cultural and linguistic understanding in nurturing and expanding these relationships. Finally, the article concludes by providing meaningful recommendations on ways to mitigate cultural and linguistic barriers in order to promote deeper Sino-Caribbean trade and tourism.

Integrating Linguistics Theories in Developing Foreign Language Teaching Materials (German Grammar Textbook for Indonesian Learners)

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of German grammar textbook using linguistic approaches in increasing students’ academic motivation, learning outcome, and linguistic understanding. This German grammar textbook is composed for Indonesian learners. This study employed experimental approach by involving two experimental groups without control group. The total research participants were 45 Indonesian students in the second semester of the German language education department divided into two classes. There were three variables observed in this study. Students’ learning outcome was measured by a grammar test developed by the researchers, while students’ academic motivation was measured using a scale developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) consisting of 28 items that had been translated into Indonesian and tested by Natalya & Purwanto (2018). Students’ linguistic understanding was measured using the linguistic understanding scale developed by Hasmawati (2021). The treatment was conducted in six meetings in which each meeting took place for two hours using Zoom video conference platform. Data were analyzed using a descriptive statistic, a correlation test, and a paired sample t-test using the SPSS-26 application. The study found that the integration of linguistic approach, error analysis and contrastive analysis, in composing a grammar textbook of a foreign language is more likely to positively affect students’ academic motivation, learning outcome, and linguistic understanding.

Einstellung von Patienten zu möglicher Telemedizin in der Ophthalmologie

HintergrundDie COVID-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 und 2021 schränkt die Versorgung augenärztlicher Patienten vielfach ein. Teleophthalmologische Leistungen wie Videokonsultation oder medizinische Telefonberatungen könnten den Mangel an notwendigen Kontrollen bei chronischen Erkrankungen, zumindest teilweise, kompensieren. Teleophthalmologische Angebote sind jedoch in Deutschland aktuell noch deutlich unterrepräsentiert.Ziel der ArbeitUm die Bereitschaft auf Patientenseite zur Telemedizin und virtuellen Klinik zu ermitteln, führten wir bei Patienten der Hochschulmedizin mit bekanntem Glaukom als chronische Erkrankung eine Umfrage mittels Fragebogen während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie zum Thema Teleophthalmologie durch.MethodenEs wurden 100 Patienten befragt. Der Fragenkatalog beinhaltete 22 Fragen mit Mehrfachwahl-Antwortmöglichkeiten. Als Einschlusskriterium galten das Vorhandensein eines Glaukoms als chronische Erkrankung, Alter über 18 Jahre sowie eine ausreichende sprachliche Verständigung zur Beantwortung der Fragen. Die Daten wurden anonymisiert erhoben, analysiert und ausgewertet.ErgebnisseIn der Patientenumfrage konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass eine hohe Bereitschaft zur Teleophthalmologie bei den Befragten im Bereich des Glaukoms als chronische Erkrankung vorhanden ist und diese in Anspruch genommen werden würde; 74,0 % der Befragten würden Telemedizin und virtuelle Kliniken akzeptieren; 54,0 % der Befragten ophthalmologischen Patienten gab an, dass ihr Arzt‑/Klinikbesuch aufgrund von SARS-CoV‑2 nicht stattfinden konnte; 17,0 % der Patienten gaben an, dass sich durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ihre Meinung gegenüber der Telemedizin geändert hat.DiskussionDie Akzeptanz der Patienten für Telemedizin bei Patienten mit chronischem Offenwinkelglaukom scheint erstaunlich hoch. Diese ist durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie noch weiter gesteigert worden. Diese Ergebnisse spiegeln eine generelle Bereitschaft bei Patienten mit chronischer Augenerkrankung wider, reflektieren jedoch nicht die Anwendbarkeit sowie die Akzeptanz aus ärztlicher Sicht. Diese Form der virtuellen Konsultation findet jedoch bei einem Großteil der Patienten mit Glaukom Akzeptanz und könnte überdacht werden.

Experiences of linguistic understanding as epistemic feelings

Language understanding comes with a particular kind of phenomenology. It is often observed that when listening to utterances in a familiar language, competent language users can have experiences of understanding the meanings of these utterances. The nature of such experiences is a much debated topic. In this paper, I develop a new proposal according to which experiences of understanding are a particular kind ofepistemic feelings of fluencythat result from evaluative monitoring processes. The perceptual experience that accompanies linguistic comprehension results from the deployment of early stage auditory processes of speech perception that lead to the recognition of words.

The problem of nomination is the main problem of ethnolinguistics

Language is a part of the spiritual culture of nation. Dichotomy language - thinking as a component of the basic triad of ethnolinguistics language - thinking - culture among the problems that are within this discipline, brings to the fore the problem of nomination, which requires interdisciplinary efforts (psychology and linguistics) and interlevel exploration (vocabulary, word formation, phonetics). The relevance of scientific work is due to the need for philosophical and linguistic understanding of the problem of nomination.
 The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of nomination and related issues in terms of psychology, linguistics, such as: significant, denotative and connotative meaning of the word; to compare the terms feature, sema, internal form of the word.
 Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. Thus, the problem of the name, realizing the dichotomy of language – thinking, becomes one of the main problems of the culturological scientific paradigm. Scientific synonymy as one of the features of the modern metalanguage of science in the problem of the name distinguishes a number of related terms – feature, sema, internal form of the word. The concepts of semiotics are related to the problem of the name – significant, denotative and connotative meaning of the word, which reproduces the different degrees of connection of the word with reality. Connotative meaning makes it possible to highlight specific features of the Ukrainian language.

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE: ABOUT SUBJECTIVITY LANGUAGE TIME

The article summarizes the experience of philosophical and linguistic understanding of time in general and the concepts "past", "present" and "future" in particular. Special attention is paid to the subjective nature of time in language.

With Liberty and Black Linguistic Justice for All: Pledging Allegiance to Anti‐Racist Language Pedagogy

AbstractThis article makes a case for why Black Language (BL) must be a part of teachers’ conceptualizations of multilingualism in U.S. contexts. BL is a living linguistic legacy, an embodiment of Black culture, and much more than simply a list of distinct grammatical features. For teachers to move toward dispositions and language and literacy pedagogical practices that are inclusive, just, and anti‐racist, they must become aware of and interrogate their real trouble with BL through guided and continuous critical, introspective, and reflexivity. After providing a brief linguistic understanding of BL, the author describes what happens when Black adolescents and adults discover that their language has a name, a rich history, and global influence‐‐it marks the onset of their Black Linguistic Consciousness‐raising (Baker‐Bell, 2020). The article ends with recommendations and resources for how teachers can start and continue to stand for anti‐racist linguistic justice in the classroom contexts and beyond.

Guiding light in discourse studies

This tribute characterises the scholarly life of interactional sociolinguist Deborah Schiffrin (1951–2017), locating her contribution to the 1992 Berkeley Women and Language Conference (‘Gender displays among family, friends, and neighbors: taking the role of another’) within her lifelong exploration of the intricate interrelated workings of language, identity and the world. Debby’s deep understanding of linguistics and sociology undergirded and nurtured nuanced, multidimensional analyses of individual utterances in their connection to systematic patterns within larger communities of practice. Her broad, multifaceted and deep legacy in discourse studies inspires all who seek to examine identity as performed and situated within myriad social worlds and their associated discourses.

"Und ich hab damals für dich ge-Voted…" – Online-Kommentarforen zwischen Text, Diskurs und Gemeinschaft

<p class="Standardnachberschrift">Using examples from comment sections in the Swiss online news site <em>watson.ch</em>, we investigate the question whether such online reader communities show traces of communal relationships (in the sense of Max Weber) and if such an understanding is compatible with the concept of discourse communities. To this end, we first outline the conflicting theoretical assumptions that linguistic and sociological understandings of communities imply for the concept of discourse communities. Afterwards, we use selected online reader comments to show how traditional features of community formation can be detected empirically in the comment section. To conclude, we argue that Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory can serve as a framework to integrate different types of community formation processes on an empirical and a theoretical level.</p><p class="Standardnachberschrift"> </p><p class="Standardnachberschrift"> </p>

Für eine neue hermeneutische Theologie

Abstract Article and theses basically describe the program of a New Hermeneutical Theology. The article explains how the New Hermeneutical Theology relates to the classical Hermeneutical Theology of Ernst Fuchs, Gerhard Ebeling and Eberhard Jüngel, and to actual theological programs in Germany, such as Ingolf Dalferth, Christian Danz, and Folkart Wittekind. New Hermeneutical Theology‘s main systematic proposition is to work on the ground of linguistic and philosophical understandings of language and to consider language as a level where a fruitful dialogue between theology, Humanities and Social Sciences can take place. Paul Ricoeur is a main source of inspiration for the New Hermeneutical Theology. Already since the 1960ies, Ricoeur elaborated a hermeneutic grounded in a theory of language. This led to critical and constructive discussions with Hermeneutical Theologians. The theses show some of the systematical coherences of the New Hermeneutical Theology and its impact on different areas of Dogmatic and Ethics.