Linguistic Translation Research Articles

Пожежа Львова 1527 року: велика втрата чи великий ренесанс?

The purpose of the work is to update the study of fi re stories using the example of one of the largest fi res in Lviv in 1527 and to show the political and cultural consequences of this natural disaster for the city. The research methodology includes, fi rst of all, the method of critical analysis of historical sources followed by a comparison of the text and its retellings. The analysis of the historical source also involves linguistic (translation of the Latin source), topographic (reproduction of historical objects on a modern map), onomastic (interpretation of city toponyms) analyses. The source is also studied in the direction of the history of the environment and the consequences of human activity, the restoration of the city after a natural disaster, the anthropological factor of the impact on the environment. The archaeological research method allows to reproduce the original appearance of the city before the fi re and to compare its spatial development and construction. The scientifi c novelty consists in the re-examination of the source references and later interpretations of the description of the fi re, which was placed in the counsil book of the city in 1527, with the aim of clarifying the causes and consequences of this natural disaster for Lviv. The prospect of further research consists in actualizing the study of such little-known topics as the history of disasters, in particular, fi res, in cities and urban agglomerations. Clarifying the causes of fi res, their scale and consequences shows what impact natural disasters had on the development of cities, their decline or rise. Conclusions. In the fi rst third of the 16th century, Lviv suff ered great losses due to the fi re of 1527. However, a consistent state policy aimed at providing large tax and other benefi ts both to the city as a whole and to its individual ethnic and social groups made it possible to restore the trade and production potential of the bourgeoisie by the middle of the 16th century. The ruined city center was gradually rebuilt due to migration to the city, both internal and external. A special impetus was given to the construction of new sacred buildings, rebuilt Renaissance buildings rose in the place of burned wooden shrines in the Gothic style, the town hall and the market districts took on new forms known to this day thanks to the new buildings.

Material stories of migration: Reframing home through poetry

This article reflects on the power of poetry to reframe the concepts of home, arrival and belonging, each of which is important in understanding the relationship between migration and culture. It traces the journey of a collective poem – ‘Grapes in My Father’s Yard’ – that was created during the Material Stories of Migration project in Sheffield in 2015; was performed at Migration Matters Festival and has since been shared in multiple digital and material formats between 2015 and 2022. The text’s trajectory demonstrates poetry’s capacity to transgress structural and grammatical norms and capture that which is absent, ambiguous and elusive in the idea of ‘home’. The poem intertwines different languages and flows between them, enacting the give and take of linguistic and cultural translation. This article draws on follow-up interviews and ongoing discussion with project participants and creative facilitators to explore how the ‘storying’ of migrant lives is an ongoing creative process that poetry can illuminate. ‘Grapes in My Father’s Yard’ articulates how post-arrival life for migrants is not a linear, forward-moving process but a kind of re-dwelling in lost homes and landscapes, the beginning of a micro-bordering which continues for years. The poem calls on us to read between the lines and to seek out the silences, as much as it asks us to listen to the words.

Formation of german linguistic translation competence among university students

Everyone who wants to succeed in professional, scientific, and practical activities needs interpreting skills. They are a must in international business cooperation. Today no international negotiations can do without an interpreter. The study aims to determine the peculiarities of forming the translation competence of German language students. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in one of the higher educational institutions of Ukraine, which, according to the results obtained, allows us to evaluate students’ success and study the conditions for the formation of future translators’ competence. The research tasks are solved using the methods of description, observation, formative experiment, and statistics. The use of general scientific methods allows for determining positive changes in the experimental and control groups in the process of forming translation competence during the German language study. It is assumed that the creation of pedagogical conditions and the use of modern information resources can increase the skills level of future translators. It will have a positive impact on their employment and successful professional activities. To increase future translators’ professionalism, it plans to develop educational projects to form translation competencies. To master them while studying German, students should focus on getting practical communication skills and technical knowledge.

The use of consultation on Incontinence Questioner – Nocturia (ICIQ-N) in Indonesian population: an affirmation study

Background: Nocturia is a urological condition in which individuals urinate more frequently than usual at night and it affects both genders. The clinician frequently uses questionnaires to diagnose nocturia however, some validated questions were in English. This study evaluated the validity of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Nocturia (ICIQ-N) in Indonesian patients. Methods: Two certified bilinguals (English-Indonesian) translated the ICIQ-N questionnaire from English to Indonesian. The reverse translation was done by two certified bilingual (Indonesian-English) translators, and the writers reviewed all of the translations leading to the final Indonesian translation. Instead of a linguistic translation, this technique ensured a thorough and unambiguous intellectual translation. The translated ICIQ-N was presented twice to the subjects, two weeks apart, to verify the questionnaire. The responses' validity and reliability were then investigated. Pearson and Cronbach’s alpha analysis were used to determine validity and reliability. Results: The r-Pearson correlation values ranged from 0.933 to 1 (p:0.001). The translated ICIQ-N questioner items were found to be reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.994 (>0.6). Conclusions: The ICIQ-N Indonesian version generated for this study is valid and reliable. As a result, it may be utilized as a diagnostic tool in Indonesian population.

ПОЭТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ СВЯЗИ ЕЛИЗАВЕТЫ МНАЦАКАНОВОЙ

This article is devoted to the study of communication strategies in the poetry of Elizaveta Mnatsakanova, one of the main Russian-speaking poets of the second half of the 20th century. Using the principles of working with sound and experimental musical composition, the author creates a very special poetic language that is typologically close to the so-called spectromorphology, an approach developed by the composer Denis Smalley in the 1980s. The author of this concept made a great contribution to the development of the theory of sound art, as he proposed a kind of grammar for electro-acoustic music. Elizaveta Mnatsakanova also creates a kind of spectromorphological worlds on the territory of poetry, organizing a series of words, decomposing words into separate elements and thus setting complex sequences of semantic metamorphoses. This poetic technique, outwardly resembling the practices of the avant-garde, differs radically from them, and this difference lies in the communication strategy used by Mnatsakanova. The fact is that it creates a special double addressing: poetic texts are simultaneously addressed to both the subject and nature itself. Thus, this poetry itself becomes a dynamic boundary between, in the words of Walter Benjamin, “the language of men” and “the language of things”. Through the practice of complex translation, the poet offers her own theory of communication, linguistically rethinking not only the relationship between the subject and the environment, but also the relationship between the interlocutors, even if they are separated in space and time. The material of this article was not only the poetry of Elizaveta Mnatsakanova, but also her essays on theoretical issues and practices of other authors. Poetic texts are considered in the article in the light of linguistic poetics, sound theory, translation theory and discourse analysis.

Serving young children with communication disabilities from Latinx backgrounds and their families with equity: Provider perspectives

IntroductionLatinx children with communication disorders from birth to age 5 and their families are increasingly served in United States (US) educational and medical settings where longstanding structural barriers threaten their access to equitable assessment and intervention. However, little is known about providers’ perceptions serving this highly diverse population as they relate to reducing disparities in care for communication disorders. MethodsThis exploratory qualitative study interviewed 24 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and early intervention (EI)/early childhood special education (ECSE) developmental specialists serving young Latinx children with communication disorders to offer targeted recommendations toward improving equity. The semi-structured interview included questions regarding communication assessment, diagnostics/eligibility, intervention, interpretation, translation, and solutions to enhance EI/ECSE. Interviews were coded with content analysis using elements of grounded theory, and responses from SLPs in medical versus education settings and from EI/ECSE developmental specialists were compared. Data triangulation was used to validate themes. ResultsAnalysis revealed the following themes related to provider challenges and resources: family factors, provider factors, cultural and linguistic differences, assessment approaches, eligibility determinations, translation and interpretation, and institutional factors. Few variations in themes between provider types (SLPs vs. EI/ECSE developmental specialists) and settings (medical vs. educational) were found. Providers also offered several policy and practice solutions. ConclusionsFindings suggest minimal advances in improving equity for young Latinx children with communication disorders over prior decades. Results also indicate that providers may benefit from reflecting on their cultures and biases as well as systemic racism within EI/ECSE.

Arabic translation and validation of pediatric lower urinary tract symptom score (PLUTSS)

ABSTRACT Objectives To develop and validate an Arabic version of the pediatric lower urinary tract symptom score (PLUTSS). Methods The linguistic translation of the PLUTSS into Arabic was carried out by following the guidelines that have been set out for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related QoL measures (Translation, Reconciliation, Retranslation, Review of retranslation, Debriefing and final review). The questionnaires were applied to 80 patients, 40 patients seeking urology clinic for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and 40 patients visiting a pediatric clinic without urological compliant. The discrimination validity and strength of association were tested using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests. Reliability of translation was tested for internal consistency using the Cronbach’s α and ROC Curve was used to evaluate the ability of the questionnaire to discriminate between cases and controls. Results Patients with LUTS had a higher PLUTSS score and QoL score than controls (P < 0.001). The value of Cronbach’s alpha of the 13 items (excluding Qol) evaluated on the scale was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.616–0.800). The ROC curve determined the ability of the questionnaire to discriminate between cases and controls where the area under the curve was 0.901 (95% CI: 0.830–0.972). Conclusion The Arabic translated version of the PLUTSS is an acceptable and reliable tool for assessing and evaluating pediatric patients with LUTS in Arabic-speaking countries.

A Survey on the Acceptability of Equivalence-Based Translation Into Yorùbá Language in the Domain of Information and Communication Technology

This article contains a descriptive survey on the acceptability of equivalence-based translation of the menu of TECNO Android phones into the Yorùbá language, one of the three major languages in Nigeria. Words translated into Yorùbá were categorized into strategies of borrowing, semantic extension and composition and analysed from equivalence effect. In the follow-up survey, information and communication technology experts and general mobile phone users were carefully chosen and consulted for an assessment of the appropriateness of the translation. The study concluded that equivalence, the key term of linguistic translation theories, is still a viable concept in the translation of information and communication technology and equivalence-based translation into Yorùbá will not only promote the language but also contribute to effective communication in a multilingual global village that the world is fast becoming.

The Interplay Between Foreignization of Dish Name and Interactive Meaning of Visual Image in Food Documentary

A Bite of China 1, a popular food documentary with numerous food-related culture-specific items and including the interplay between subtitles and visual images, is selected as the data to be examined in this study. The purposes of this study are firstly to identify foreignization strategy in the translation of dish names based on Aixela’s model, and secondly to explore the interplay between visual images and foreignization, so as to demonstrate how visual images help to make up for the loss caused by foreignization and further facilitate the understanding of Chinese dishes and culture. Purposive sampling is employed to collect data and 112 samples on dish names with corresponding images are obtained. The findings reveal that transliteration, linguistic translation and intratextual gloss under the category of foreignization are three main translation strategies when rendering Chinese dish names into English. Apart from foreignization affecting the meaning conveyance of dish names, the results also suggest that interactive meanings of visual images play a vital role in facilitating target audiences’ understanding of Chinese dish names by providing detailed background information, whereas the connotative meanings behind Chinese dish names cannot or can hardly be obtained through the visual images or translation alone.

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the &lt;i&gt;Go Wish Game&lt;/i&gt;: Thinking About Personal Values to Promote Advance Care Planning.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The Go Wish Game (GWG) is a practical tool developed to ease advance care planning (ACP) conversations regarding end-of-life (EOL) issues. The game consists of a guide and 35 cards to help persons think about their personal values and priorities in the context of care and to discuss and share those concerns with families and health care professionals (HPs). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To promote ACP conversations in the Italian context, we developed an Italian version of the GWG by linguistic translation and cultural adaptation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Design:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Cross-cultural adaptation process developed by Beaton et al. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Measurements:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We started with a back-and-forth translation to guarantee linguistic appropriateness. A prefinal Italian version was developed and then qualitatively evaluated by two focus groups (FGs) to assess content validity and cultural appropriateness. Participants' suggestions were discussed by the research groups and included in the final Italian version. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Data analysis:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The FGs' transcripts were analyzed by thematic analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sample:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; One FG included HPs potentially involved in ACP, the second FG involved representative from local patient associations (RLPAs) with chronic, degenerative, and potentially terminal disease. Participants were purposefully selected. The two FGs involved eight HPs and five RLPAs, respectively. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Fewer explicit statements concerning EOL choices and a broader emphasis on the role of HPs in this discussion characterized the prefinal version. Our analysis identified three themes and five subthemes: (1) &lt;i&gt;improving translation&lt;/i&gt;: linguistic redefinition and practical clarification; (2) &lt;i&gt;how to play the GWG&lt;/i&gt;: needs and suggestions; and (3) &lt;i&gt;more than a game&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The Italian version developed in this study presents several cultural peculiarities. The rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process applied can enrich the existing literature by spreading a practical tool for initiating ACP in other languages and cultures. Further studies are needed to evaluate this tool's effectiveness in supporting ACP and training HPs to promote the ACP process.

Translation Strategies of Culture-Specific Items and Cultural Identity: A Case Study on William A. Lyell’s Translation of “Diary of a Madman”

Since the cultural turn in translation studies was proposed, researchers have focused on the cultural elements in the translation. How to construct cultural identity needs to be taken into consideration. Meanwhile, culture-specific items (hereafter, CSIs) are one of the most difficult issues for translators, especially in literary translation. Researchers have put forward different translation strategies to solve the problems of CSIs and explored the use of those strategies in specific textual materials. This work probed the strategies employed in the translation of CSIs in William A. Lyell’s English version of “Diary of a Madman” based on Aixelá’s model and their effect on the construction of Chinese cultural identity. The results demonstrated that the most frequent strategy was linguistic (non-cultural) translation, followed by absolute universalization. In addition, conservation methods were more helpful in constructing cultural identity than substitution approaches.

Вербализация номадической культуры казахов в «Дневниках и письмах из путешествия по казахским степям» Адольфа Янушкевича: лингвопереводческие аспекты

This research studies the forms of verbalization of Kazakh nomad’s culture (realias, toponyms and anthroponyms) in Polish language by Adolf Januszkiewicz, their translation into Russian and Kazakh, author's evaluation and commentary. The theoretical base of the research are the works on nomadology and linguistic translation. Translation model is described in relation to the texts that served as the material for the research. The causes of translation errors are revealed by comparing the original to the three translations using methods like continuous sampling, comparison, transformations, componential analysis, and reverse translation. It was found that, in Russian translation, errors are caused by the lack of knowledge of Kazakh linguistic culture and one-sidedness of the translation commentary, while in Kazakh translation, errors happened because of the intermediary translation due to language constraints, and the absence of scientific commentary.

The role of electronic machines in translation

Translation is one of the important ways to exchange views and information between different peoples and languages. Since ancient times, peoples have resorted to translation to perform their business dealings, commercial treatment, understanding each other, and coexistence between them. Without translation, peoples unable to exchange opinions, goods and information between them. This means that translation is the main modality for the development of peoples and exchange of their civilizations. So, in this research we seek to focus on translation and its types, and the role of electronic devices in this time, which provided many facilities in this field. The necessary point for us as Kurdish peoples is how we can benefit from machine translation to and from Kurdish language by focusing on programs and websites dedicated to this field. To fulfill the purpose, the research is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the two researchers discussed the position of automatic translation in linguistics, while the second chapter is about machine translation, each chapter is divided into several sections.

"God" and "Logos" in Context: Paradox of Ricoeur’s Linguistic Hospitality and Chinese Bible Translation

"God" and "Logos" in Context: Paradox of Ricoeur’s Linguistic Hospitality and Chinese Bible Translation

English – Majored Students’ Perceptions on Teachers’ Use Of Vietnamese In EFL Classrooms

Previous studies were conducted to discover the use of L1 in EFL classrooms, however, few studies investigated the students’ perception towards the teachers’ use of L1 in EFL classrooms, especially those for English – majored students. The present study was conducted to examine English – majored students’ perceptions towards their teachers’ use of mother tongue as Vietnamese in EFL classrooms in a university in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The research was designed as a descriptive study with the mixed method using questionnaire and interview as the research instruments. There were 131 participants in this research. The findings of the study revealed that students preferred teachers’ use of mother tongue in the specialized classes (linguistics course, literal courses, and interpretation and translation courses, etc.), grammar courses, and some activities such as explaining incomprehensible words. However, they wished to have more English instruction in language skills classes to enhance their target language proficiency. Several disadvantages of using Vietnamese were also mentioned, for instance, hindering learners’ language improvement, causing their laziness and passiveness. Suggestions are proposed to raise EFL teacher’s awareness on the extent of English and Vietnamese in their teaching to help leaners achieve objective of the class.

Dealing with ‘Cytokine Storms’: A Cultural and Linguistic Translation of Warm Factor Epidemics Wenbing as Seasonal COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

Dealing with ‘Cytokine Storms’: A Cultural and Linguistic Translation of Warm Factor Epidemics Wenbing as Seasonal COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

Where There’s Smoke, There’s Fire

The globalization of pipes and smoking in the early modern world is often thought of as a linear movement from the Americas to Africa and Eurasia. While this is true of tobacco smoking, other early modern cultures of smoking (such as the use of cannabis pipes) diffused from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, not from the Americas. This article traces the technological, linguistic, and cultural translations of smoking in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with a focus on the Atlantic world. These movements provoked significant new questions. Early modern smokers (and their critics) grappled with the question of how pipes and other “pyric technologies” of elemental transformation interacted with the body and mind—and with debates about racialized theories of health, long-distance travel, the African slave trade, and the translatability of knowledge and habits.

Translational and linguistic validation of the Arabic version of dysfunctional voiding symptom score questionnaire

Dysfunctional voiding is a multifactorial condition that encompasses a wide variety of symptoms rendering its diagnosis a challenging process. In this setting, several tools have been proposed to aid the diagnosis of this disease among which is the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS). The DVSS has been translated and validated to different languages including Japanese, Thai, Chinese, Serbian, and Portuguese. The aim of the current study is to translate and cross-culturally validate the DVSS into the Arabic language. The DVSS was translated and culturally adapted to the Arabic language following the standards of the ISPOR for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes measures. Subsequently, the translated version underwent a pre-test on 15 patients with dysfunctional voiding. Afterwards, the translated version was filled by 82 pediatric patients and/or their parents with dysfunctional voiding and then the same questionnaire was refilled by the patients and their families one week later at home. Finally, a group of healthy children and/or their parents were recruited to fill the questionnaire as a control group. Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, and Interclass correlation were used to assess for internal consistency and reliability between test-retest of the Arabic version. The mean total score of DVSS for the case and control groups was 16.66±6.07 and 6.11±3.36, respectively (P<0.001). The Arabic-DVSS showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.9) for all the questions except Q1, Q3, Q6, and Q7 that showed good internal consistency. Translational and linguistic validation of the DVSS questionnaire into Arabic language is an important step toward its introduction in the clinical practice in Arabic countries; however, this step has also to consider the cultural variations between countries and not just linguistic translation. Generally, the Arabic-DVSS showed a satisfactory test-retest internal consistency and reliability with an excellent Cronbach's α (0.982) and ICC (0.962) for the total score of the Arabic-DVSS. Yet, the main limitation of this study was that it was only advocated for the translation and validation of the Arabic-DVSS and did not assess its value in patients' follow-up. The Arabic version of the DVSS is reliable and valid to help in the evaluation of DV in children of Arabic countries.

Digging at the Roots: A Reply to Naoko Saito's American Philosophy in Translation

Digging at the Roots: A Reply to Naoko Saito's <i>American Philosophy in Translation</i>

Innovations in audiovisual translation – thematic analysis of national art texts

The article discussed innovations in audiovisual translation: from reproduction to perception of music or film texts. Cinematography is an integral part of world art, representing a universal way of interaction between different cultures. Audiovisual translation is currently a popular type of translation activity since foreign films form the basis of film distribution in the country. Today, over 50% of the cross-cultural exchange of information is carried out through films, television programs, shows, and video games. Audiovisual translation requires special skills and abilities from translators since the actions they perform are radically different from their usual experience of working only with a verbal (text/speech) series. Recipients of an audio-visual work process message are received simultaneously through several information channels. This imposes a special responsibility on audio-visual translation. The work aims to identify the main features of audiovisual translation as a particular type of translation activity. The object of the research is the process of audiovisual translation as a special type of translation activity. The subject of the study is the features of subtitling as a type of audiovisual translation. The research is based on the method of linguistic translation analysis, which includes such components as observation, description, generalization, comparison, and systematization. In addition, the methods of contextual and interpretative analysis, discourse analysis, and comparative analysis of film discourses were used. The practical results of the research are the systematization, generalization, and application of existing methodological recommendations for working on an audiovisual translation (in particular, over-subtitling), the linguistic translation analysis of the film "Searching for Sugar Man,” as well as the creation of the text of the translation of this film into Russian using subtitling. The choice of the material is due to its novelty and the diversity of social, historical, and cultural realities and the song component, which are of interest from the point of view of linguistic translation analysis.