Linguistic Tools Research Articles

Linguistic tools of persuasion in travel advertisements

Background. The language of advertising in general has been widely researched since advertising became integrated in all spheres of our life. The researchers also mark the prominent role of extralinguistic elements in advertising. At the same time, the language as an important element of persuasion in tourist advertisements requires a more detailed coverage. Contribution to the research field. The present paper makes an overview of the linguistic tools of persuasion in travel advertisements.Purpose. The purpose of the present study is to analyse how linguistic tools are used to enhance the effectiveness and persuasive power of travel advertisements.Methods. The given research uses the method of description and analysis in order to identify the essential linguistic tools of persuasion in travel advertisements and to evaluate their role in enhancing the effectiveness of travel advertisements.Results. The study of travel brochures from leading tour operators based in the UK, Poland, Australia, New Zealand, the USA has shown that the language of advertising in tourism and in other spheres share a lot of common features, such as the extensive use of commendatory adjectives, frequent occurrence of metaphoric and metonymic expressions, play of words, modified forms of proverbs and sayings, comparisons. At the same time, the language of travel advertisements proper has its own specificities. The linguistic tools used in the texts of travel advertisements highlight the benefits of the advertised tour and help to create a clear image of the given destination. For this purpose, they are often complemented by additional information concerning the advertised tourist site.Discussion. The collected data demonstrate that expressive linguistic tools contribute to the overall effectiveness of travel advertisements.

Marital Philosophy and Home Value among the Annang of Nigeria: An Exploration of Selected Proverbs

Marital philosophies and home values are essential components of all living and progressive societies. They are potentiality used to create an enabling, sustainable and conducive environment and otherwise depending on their constituents and how they are applied on day-to-day interactions. A society devoid of the right marital philosophies may tend towards adopting negative home values that may ruin families, homes and the society at large. There are various factors that are responsible for one’s choices of ideal marital philosophies and home values for sustainable family life and the society. This study therefore examines marital philosophies and home values encapsulated in the linguistically rich Annang proverbs from Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria. MAK Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (and specifically the interpersonal metafunction) is adopted as our theoretical framework for the data analysis. Data were randomly selected from current Annang proverbs used in daily communicative purposes. This work adopts a qualitative (exploratory) research design; eleven (11) proverbs were randomly selected, presented and analysed. We posit that proverbs are capsules of knowledge that marital philosophies and family values are enveloped. They can, and actually do serve as regulators of behaviours and moral templates upon which marital philosophes and home values are built. With the data of proverbs drawn from Annang cultures and their corresponding English translations, we attempt to demonstrate the relevance of these cultural-linguistic tools in the reformation of character, value re-orientation and social redemption of man and his environment. Keywords: Cultural linguistic tools, Corresponding English translation, marital philosophies, home values, interpersonal functions

Gender and Genre in Translation: The Linguistic Construction of Femininity in the American and French Editions of Early 1920s VOGUE

This paper aims to bridge the gap between gender, genre and translation studies by taking an interdisciplinary approach across these research areas and employing some of the tools of corpus linguistics to provide a contrastive analysis of the linguistic construction of femininity in the American and French editions of early-1920s Vogue. In particular, it takes as a sample twenty-four Vogue issues published in 1921 and focuses on its extensive fashion features, originally written in English and then translated or adapted so as to appear in the French edition. A contrastive analysis of two parallel corpora (one consisting of the fashion articles published in 1921 Vogue US and another comprising their translations/adaptations for Vogue France) as regards frequency, collocational patterning and co-textual environment of lexical items pertaining to the domains of fashion and femininity reveals both similarities and differences in the linguistic representation of gender identity across two different cultures, alongside the adoption of particular translation strategies.

Asosiy tarjima texnikalari turlari va ulardan foydalanishni biriktirishning asosiy usullari

As the translator Lorena Manaj explains, "Translation has a special merit in communication between two speakers who speak different languages and have different cultures. The merit is related to the exchange of words that carry the meaning and accurately convey a message between two individuals with unmatched tradition, culture and customs". Therefore, when interpreting in two different languages, the translator has to use diverse methods, techniques and tools to deliver the accurate meaning to the audience. This article analyses the types of main linguistic tools in simultaneous interpretation taking examples of different languages

Enhancing Language Learning through PBL in an Aviation Engineering Class

English for specific purposes is a field of teaching and learning that focuses on English language skills in context. It bridges the gap between general language knowledge and specific communication skills to enable students to meet the demands of their future professional field. For instance, aviation maintenance engineering requires the knowledge of highly specialized terminology. By providing appropriate and relevant linguistic tools, ESP enables aviation students to successfully perform job-related tasks and become more professionally competent within the aviation industry.
 
 While ESP has a role in improving language learning, the student’s experience can be further enhanced by incorporating Project-Based Learning into the curriculum to make learning more meaningful through inquiry-driven, task-based, and problem-solving paradigms. One key advantage of ESP in this regard is its adaptability, which means it can be adapted into a functional course. According to Dudley-Evans and St Johns (1998): “ESP was, for example, very influential in showing how a communicative language curriculum could be turned into either a functional-notional syllabus or a task-based syllabus” (Dudley-Evans & St Johns, 1998).
 
 The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a PBL method used in an ESP class aimed at aircraft maintenance engineers. The project involves students assembling a model aircraft jet engine. The goal of the project is to help students develop adequate knowledge about aircraft jet engines by acquainting them with the names and functions of the engine’s parts and also teaching them about its complex operation. Moreover, the project trains students on how to log their in-class activities into a weekly log that tracks their progress. At the end of the project, students reflect on their experience by completing a questionnaire that evaluates the outcomes of their learning. This helps the instructor assess the effectiveness of the project on the student’s language learning.

LEXICAL MEANS OF PRESENTING THE CONCEPT “TIME” THROUGH THE SPECIFICS OF THE ANTHROPOCENTRIC PARADIGM (BASED ON THE NOVEL “THE GREAT GATSBY” BY F.S. FITZGERALD)

This article focuses on examining the concept of “time” and the linguistic tools utilized to articulate it. The primary material for analysis is the novel “The Great Gatsby” written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The authors delve into the linguistic devices employed to depict the concept of “time”, interpret the findings, and scrutinize the interconnection between the main characters and the phenomenon of time. Special attention is given to the role of time in human life and the diverse ways individuals perceive it.

Communicative and linguistic translation tools for academic adaptation of educational migrants in crisis conditions

The article is devoted to solving the urgent scientific and methodological problem of adaptation of migrants to living conditions in a new socio-cultural space, which is caused by the current crisis conditions that have developed in Europe and the world and pose a threat not only to the health, but also to the lives of millions of people. A significant part of migration flows is made up of students who master their future profession at foreign universities, in particular in Polish higher education institutions. Modern approaches to determining the structure of communicative competence of an educational migrant, types of adaptation, and tasks of language training are analyzed. The level of proficiency in the language of instruction is the main factor of the success of the educational process. It has been found that todayʼs conditions require clarification of the composition of participants of the academic adaptation of foreign students. The authors believe that at the initial stage of the adaptation process, the role of translators increases significantly. The requirements for the structure of communicative competence of an educational migrant and the professional and communicative competence of a translator have been clarified. A list of actual communicative situations in the domestic, educational, professional, administrative, socio-cultural spheres of communication is determined, examples of lexical units that will ensure the implementation of communicative tasks are provided. For the formation of professional translation competence, the development of communicative and linguistic tools is proposed: the creation of an educational complex consisting of a syllabus of an elective discipline, a manual, the theoretical and practical sections of which will provide linguistic and methodical guidelines for the formation of interpretation and translation skills in situations of adaptation of educational migrants. It is also proposed to add a complex dictionary of a new type to the toolkit, which will combine the characteristics of different types of lexicographic works and perform the task of interpreting and explaining current lexical units. The developed linguomethodical principles for the creation of an educational complex for the formation of professional and communicative competence of translators can become an invariant model for the creation of variable methodical materials for teaching translation from/into other languages.

МОВНЕ РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ ФУТБОЛЬНОГО ДИСКУРСУ В УСНОМУ МОВЛЕННІ КОМЕНТАТОРІВ

The article characterizes the linguistic diversity of football discourse in the oral speech of commentators on the video material of the match between the football teams Dynamo and Minaj. The theme of football language in the scientifi c work of Ukrainian scholars is well developed qualitatively, but not quantitatively. However, there are already sig-nifi cant studies at the intersection of discourse studies and diachronic sociolinguistics. Scientists are also actively studying the football vocabulary of the present time.Spoken language is very dynamic and changeable, so the question arises of its normalization, analysis, and identifi cation of specifi c characteristics in various aspects, especially in the lexical linguistic system as the most sensitive, changeable, and open to external trends. The spoken language, like the written language, is diff erentiated by the spheres of use: formal and informal, professional and non-professional (slang).Special attention should be paid to the football discourse, which verbally serves the most popular sport in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular – football. In gen-eral, discourses are characterized by some hierarchy. This type of discourse is thematically focused on a football game and uses all linguistic tools, including terms and slang, for this purpose. A sports commentator acts as an intermediary between players and spectators. The lexemes recorded in the commentator’s oral speech were explained using various sources: currently available dictionaries of sports and football terminology, an explanatory dictionary, a dictionary of slang, and data from sports websites. The author reveals the linguistic phenomenon of delayed slangisms, which has not yet been studied in the scientifi c literature. Their nature in morphemic, lexical and stylistic dimensions is characterized

A Computational Linguistic Approach to English Lexicography

Focusing on computational linguistic approaches to English linguistics, this research explores how computational methods can be applied to dissect, understand and utilise the English language. We first looked at text analysis and processing, delving into natural language processing techniques such as text categorisation, sentiment analysis and machine translation, and their application to social media and automated text processing. In the area of lexicography and semantics, we explored how techniques such as distributed word vectors, semantic role labelling and sentiment analysis can deepen our understanding of vocabulary and semantics. We highlight the importance of these techniques in natural language processing tasks such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. In addition, we focus on cross-language comparative and multilingual research, emphasising how big data and cross-language comparative research can reveal similarities and differences between languages and their implications for global linguistics. Finally, we explore corpus linguistics and big data analytics, highlighting the richness of linguistic data and tools they provide for linguistic research. Overall, this study highlights the importance of computational linguistic approaches to English linguistics and how they have transformed the way linguistics is studied and language technology has evolved. Future research trends will continue to drive the further development of computational linguistics methods, leading to a closer integration of linguistics with big data analytics and computational methods, creating more opportunities for the future of the field of linguistics.

A Corpus-Assisted Comparative Study of Chinese and Western CEO Statements in Annual Reports: Discourse-Historical Approach

Abstract This study presents a corpus-assisted comparison of Chinese and Western chief executive officer statements in annual reports. Using two self-built corpora of 15 statements from 2017 to 2021 annual reports in three Chinese listed pharmaceutical companies, representative of Chinese companies, and 15 statements from 2017 to 2021 annual reports in one American multinational, one British multinational and one Australian listed corporation in the same industry, representative of Western companies, this study employs the Discourse-Historical Approach of Critical Discourse Studies and the corpus linguistic analysis tool Wmatrix5 to investigate linguistic means, discursive strategies and semantic domains of the two corpora. The study results show that Chinese CEOs tend to present an objective, authoritative and thriving “out-group” identity with strong awareness of environmental protection while Western CEOs tend to project an affiliative, inclusive and well-established “in-group” identity with leading industrial status and a global mindset. This study is of significance in understanding cross-cultural differences in projecting corporate identities through CEO statements in annual reports.

Translingualism and intercultural narratives in Kiana Davenport’s “House of Many Gods”

Language and culture contacts resulting from the migration of population, as well as current geopolitical and technological processes, enhance the increase of translingual works that reveal symbiotic phenomena of languages and cultures in contact. However, there are still many unsolved problems in defining the translingual discourse and linguistic devices for creating it. The article discusses intercultural narratives in a novel by Kiana Davenport, an American author of Hawaiian descent, whose literary creative translingual work is enhanced by intercultural phenomena related to the contacts of American English, Hawaiian, and Russian languages. The article aims to describe linguistic devices for creating translingualism and to characterize the processes that take place in assimilation and language alteration in contact situations. The research has revealed that translinguality characterizes not only texts that are written in a second language, as is a traditional point of view, but also writings of a bilingual with two native languages enhanced by a third one. Translinguality can be reached by various linguistic tools comprising lexical borrowings, including endonymic toponyms and culture-specific concepts, loan translations, allusions, as well as pidginization of speech and some others. The findings showed that pidginization of speech of different characters results in stylized dialogues with deviated articulation of English words, intentional grammatical deviations, set expressions from Hawaiian Pidgin and wordplay. The results of the paper expand the idea of translingualism and intercultural communication and can be used for further research into linguistic and cultural contacts.

Turn taking in Ghanaian judicial discourse

Turn construction and turn allocation in social interactions have been studied from different theoretical and methodological perspectives, the most important and debated ones being conversation analysis and (critical) discourse analysis. Even though turn taking has been studied in informal conversations in Ghanaian languages, nothing has been done on turn taking in Ghanaian judicial discourse. This paper examines turn taking management in Ghanaian Western-based judicial interaction. Working within the conversational analytic framework and language and power, the paper investigated how speaker turns were managed, especially, how turn allocations were shaped by speaker roles and identities in judicial domains. Data for the study consisted of transcripts of nine hours of naturally occurring tape-recorded Ghanaian courtroom interactions comprising civil and criminal cases. The data were recorded in Accra and Koforidua between November 2018 and February 2019 and consisted of sixteen court proceedings and seventy-three speakers. Results indicated that turn allocation was managed mostly by the judges with the other court participants, especially the attorneys and interpreters, occasionally self-selecting or selecting others, mainly, the disputants. Also identified was that not all linguistic resources for turn taking were equally accessible to all participants. In conclusion, the identities and roles of the court actors determine and constrain the available linguistic and pragmatic tools needed for effective turn taking management.

Snyre for your nasal congestion: Using phonesthemes to imbue non‐word brand names with meaning

AbstractA brand name is a fundamental component of a brand's identity. This research introduces a novel linguistic tool for brand name creation: phonesthemes—sound and spelling letter clusters that are associated with one dominant meaning. For instance, sn, one of over 140 phonesthemes in English, consistently appears in words related to the nose or breathing (sneeze, sniff, snort). Six experiments reveal positive effects of phonesthemic non‐word brand names (e.g., Glif; gl‐; e.g., glow, glimmer; meaning “light”) on consumer preference, attitude, purchase intent, and choice when the dominant meaning activated by the phonestheme is semantically congruent with the product category or product attribute (e.g., luminant car wax), due to enhanced processing fluency. Phonological (sound) and orthographic (spelling) priming are eliminated as alternative explanations for the phenomenon. This research advances psycholinguistic research in marketing and the emerging area of brand linguistics by broadening the focus beyond brand name phonology.

Developing linguistic tools of thematic search in library information systems

Within the R&D program “Information support of research by scientists and specialists on the basis of RNPLS&T Open Archive – the system of scientific knowledge aggregation”, the RNPLS&T analyzes the use of linguistic tools of thematic search in the modern library information systems and the prospects for their development. The author defines the key common characteristics of e-catalogs of the largest Russian libraries revealed at the first stage of the analysis. Based on the specified common characteristics and detailed comparison analysis, the author outlines and substantiates the vectors for enhancing search inter faces of e-catalogs. The focus is made on linguistic tools of thematic search in library information systems; the key vectors are suggested: use of thematic search at different search levels with the clear-cut level differentiation; use of combined functionality within thematic search system; implementation of classification search in all e-catalogs; hierarchical representation of classifications; use of the matching systems for classification information retrieval languages, and in the long term classification and verbal information retrieval languages, and various verbal information retrieval languages. The author formulates practical recommendations to improve thematic search in library information systems.

The specifics of the functioning of a structural metaphor in a public dialogue

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the specifics of the functioning of metaphorical transference and its role in public dialogue. The material for the analysis was transcribed video recordings of an interview with Daria Zlatopolskaya in the framework of the program "White Studio" of the television channel Culture. The object of the study is a structural metaphor, "that is, those cases when one concept is structurally metaphorically ordered in terms of another" [11, p. 35]. The subject of the study is the process of origin and the nature of the deployment of metaphorical transference in public dialogue. The authors pay special attention to the description of the mechanism (model) of the functioning of metaphor, as well as the integrating function of metaphorical transfer in public dialogue. In addition, the paper presents linguistic tools demonstrating the transfer of signs of the source sphere to the target sphere in metaphorical projection. The method of scientific observation, the descriptive method (including methods of observation, generalization, interpretation), the method of semantic analysis, the method of contextual analysis, the method of pragmatic analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in considering the role of structural metaphor in building a public dialogue, in looking at metaphorical transfer not as an unusual use of a word, but as a transfer of one situation to another, unfolding throughout the whole communicative episode or part of it. As a result of the study, it was concluded that metaphorical transference is the result of the co–creation of speakers, the stimulus of which in most cases is set by the presenter. Metaphorical transference connects the communicative episodes of a TV interview as a communicative event, performing an integrating function. During the conversation, the presenter and the interlocutor actualize certain aspects of the source sphere or the target sphere, as a result of which the metaphor narrows or expands. The constant return to a given metaphor determines the nonlinear structure of public dialogue.

The mental consideration of resilience as a relevant social concept (a corpus-based research of American English)

Abstract The article is dedicated to researching resilience as a relevant social concept. It puts forward a new idea to study the actual mental consideration of social and political phenomena via purely linguistic tools. As a research methodology, a new approach is offered. In particular, the authors extrapolate Zhabotynska’s semantics of lingual networks onto Popova and Sternin’s semantic-cognitive analysis. The study is conducted through corpus technologies: a COCA sample of discourse contexts with the resilience lexeme is used to reconstruct a conceptual model of the resilience concept (denotative meaning). Subsequently, this meaning is processed via two cognitive operations: cognitive interpretation and prominence. Finally, the field cognitive model of resilience is obtained. Sorted by frequency in the corpus sample as core and periphery zones, the separate cognitive features indicate what is more or less important for Americans in the current consideration of resilience as a social and political phenomenon. Each research stage is explained and discussed by the authors in detail.

An Analysis of Figurative Language in Autumn!’S Album “Golden Child, Chapter 3”

Figurative language refers to the use of expressive linguistic tools that transcend literal interpretation to convey deeper meanings and evoke vivid imagery. In light of this definition, this research’s objective is to find out the types of figurative language and to find out the most dominant type of figurative language in Autumn!'s album "Golden Child, Chapter 3" by utilizing Perrine's theory of figurative language. The researcher has employed the qualitative research method in this research. The researcher found 8 types of figurative language from 78 datum in this figurative research. It includes the following; Simile (18 datum), Metaphor (21 datum), Personification (3 datum), Synecdoche (5 datum), Metonymy (10 datum), Paradox (1 datum), Hyperbole (16 datum), and irony (4 datum). This research showed that the most dominant type of figurative language is Metaphor with 21 data.

The problem of migration in post-2007 Serbian media discourse about Europe: From topic modelling to qualitative discourse analysis

The study uses linguistic corpus tools in order to establish in what contexts the issue of migration in Europe was addressed in the Serbian press in the period 2007–2017. About 20,000 randomly chosen texts from the dailies Politika and Danas were subjected to topic modelling, collocational profiling, and also a contextual examination in the case of the paper editions. The interpretation of the data considered the effect of the medium’s ideological slant on the discourse structures used. It emerged that the selection of topics and the arrangement of texts in the liberal daily Danas corresponded to its pro-European profile. Politika, in turn, seemed to be gradually shifting towards the portrayal of Europe as being mired in crisis. In addition, the procedure used in the study enabled reflection on the usefulness of the results of topic modelling for media discourse analysis.

Lingualyzer: A computational linguistic tool for multilingual and multidimensional text analysis

Most natural language models and tools are restricted to one language, typically English. For researchers in the behavioral sciences investigating languages other than English, and for those researchers who would like to make cross-linguistic comparisons, hardly any computational linguistic tools exist, particularly none for those researchers who lack deep computational linguistic knowledge or programming skills. Yet, for interdisciplinary researchers in a variety of fields, ranging from psycholinguistics, social psychology, cognitive psychology, education, to literary studies, there certainly is a need for such a cross-linguistic tool. In the current paper, we present Lingualyzer (https://lingualyzer.com), an easily accessible tool that analyzes text at three different text levels (sentence, paragraph, document), which includes 351 multidimensional linguistic measures that are available in 41 different languages. This paper gives an overview of Lingualyzer, categorizes its hundreds of measures, demonstrates how it distinguishes itself from other text quantification tools, explains how it can be used, and provides validations. Lingualyzer is freely accessible for scientific purposes using an intuitive and easy-to-use interface.

Utilizing attributive patterns as a linguistic classification tool of newspapers

The indices for the classification of newspapers have often focused on agenda-setting roles, economic position and size of newspapers, among others. Concerning newspapers in Africa, Moehler and Singh (2011) and Hasty (2005) assert that the only index for the classification of newspapers is ownership. The study, therefore, focuses on the patterns of the attributive mode of the transitivity system of Systemic Functional Grammar to propose a linguistic alternative index for classifying newspapers. The findings indicate that the patterns of attributions that occur are significant and viable enough to classify newspapers.