Linguistic Rules Research Articles

PEMBELAJARAN MEMPRODUKSI TEKS EKSPLANASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NATURE LEARNING PADA PESERTA DIDIK

This research was conducted because of the low ability of students in writing, one of which is in producing explanatory texts by palying attention to the structure and linguistic rules. Factors that can cause this are the lack of students in imagining and the inffectiveness of the learning methods used by educators. One of the learning methods that can increase students imagination in writing explanatory texts is the nature learning method. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest and final test design and a control group. The results showed that the ability of students increased in learning to produce explanatory texts by paying attention to the structure and linguistic rules. There was an increase in the average pretest score from 46,35 to 87,92 in the experimental class posttest. There is a significant difference between the learning outcomes the learning outcomes of students in the experimental and control class, with the average value of the experimental class posttest of 87,92 while in the control class it is 58,92.

Combination of linguistic Z-numbers and IF-THEN rules based on rectangular coordinate system

There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of Z-numbers proposed by Prof Zadeh. However, due to the complicated structure and short presentation time, many unknowns about Z-numbers still exist. To fill these gaps, this study aims to make use of rectangular coordinate system to express linguistic Z-numbers. Simultaneously, this study sets out to design a score function to quantify the information contained in different Z-numbers. Subsequently, distance measure and similarity measure are also presented from the perspective of coordinate system. Besides, linguistic discrete Z-numbers and belief rule base (BRB) model are combined to construct a novel reasoning model on the basis of implication operators. To verify the validity of the proposed method, three representative examples of epidemic level assessment, multicriteria group decision-making (MCGDM), and network security assessment are employed. The comparison with other widely used methods are performed to further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

ОРЧИН ЦАГИЙН МОНГОЛ, ТУРК, СОЛОНГОС ХЭЛНИЙ ЦАГИЙН БАЙЦ ГИШҮҮНТ УГСАРСАН НИЙЛМЭЛ ӨГҮҮЛБЭРИЙН ХАРЬЦУУЛСАН СУДАЛГАА

Until now, comparative studies in the vocative of the two languages have been carried out in the context of simple sentences. However, in real life complex sentences are used more than simple sentences in spoken and written language. So, a complex sentence with adverbial clause of time has been specially considered on the example of the Mongolian language, that including complex sentences shows unique features of the vocative. If a complex sentence has two different subjects, it appears by nominative case in the clause sentence of Korean and Turkish; but it appears by vocative clause in the clause sentence of Mongolian; sometimes it appears by the zero subject. The main importance of this study is to clarify and explain this reason from the point of view of grammar and identity. When we do this, research, aimed to be as a language usage for bilingual students and to the teaching teachers. We have reviewed the special usage of the vocative in the three languages based on the imperative characteristic of the verb to be transitive. This characteristic is manifested in the subjective of complex sentences with an adverbial clause of time in the Mongolian language, but in the objective of simple sentences in the Turkish and Korean languages. This is due to the fact that is not the primary function of vocative case adjective to transitive verb and it is due to the fact that it serves as an auxiliary suffix that highlights the subject and intensifies the tone of speech. As seen from suffix of vocative in the three languages, it is necessary to learn to understand and use it in relation to human attitudes in addition to the rules of linguistics, that relates with both transitive or intransitive verb for to eliminate the prejudice that verb with suffix of vocative case is commands to only transitive verbs. We are considering that is possible, it can be explained by the characteristics of human attitudes and relationships that is not from the point of view of grammatical whether to get a vocative in subjective in the clause sentence of a complex sentences.

PENYULUHAN BENTUK KESALAHAN BERBAHASA SKRIPSI BAGI MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA

Based on the results of language error analysis research, students' ability to apply linguistic rules when writing academics is still lacking. There are patterns and types of errors that are common and always occur when students write their thesis. Therefore, in order to produce quality scientific writing in terms of substance as well as grammar, it is necessary to conduct counseling on the forms of language errors in theses. Thus, the thesis language errors can be minimized. Counseling is carried out in the form of lectures, case studies, focus group discussions, and demonstrations. In particular, the extension method adopts the stages of text learning with slight modifications. The stages in question, namely building context, providing models, finding errors, and evaluating errors. This counseling activity contributed to the improvement of participants' ability to do self-editing of their own writing for the better. In addition, the participants better understood the relationship between linguistic theory and language errors, making it easier for them to analyze and identify language errors. In the end, this counseling activity contributed directly to improving the quality of student scientific writing, especially in terms of writing. This increase in quality is also in line with the increase in the quality of graduates and the learning outcomes of graduates.

Analisis Kalimat pada Teks Cerita Sejarah dalam Buku Sosiologi Kelas XI Kurikulum Merdeka

This article examines the analysis of sentence types in the History Text of Class XI Sociology Books in the Merdeka Curriculum. The content of this study uses narrative text. The purpose of this study is to describe functions, categories, and roles at the syntactic level. sentences in the presentation of sociology book material for class XI SMA/MA contained in Chapter 2 Social Problems Due to Social Grouping pages 41 to 81. This research is a literature study. Therefore, the method used in collecting data is reading and taking notes. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In qualitative research, data is analyzed inductively, which means that specific things found during the research are grouped and conclusions are drawn from these results. This approach does not use the collected data to prove or disprove the hypotheses that have been made before but rather focuses on describing data to facilitate understanding. The writing method of this research adopts historiography as the main approach. Sentence structure analysis is also used to improve grammar skills and abilities to better understand. Sentence structure analysis itself is a topic that is rarely discussed. To improve the application of linguistic rules in writing historical texts, a good understanding of grammar, a broad vocabulary, and a habit of reading and writing historical texts are required. Therefore by analyzing sentence structures in historical texts in Sociology Class XI books SMA/SMA/ MA Kurikulum Merdeka, this research provides an overview of the variations in the use of sentence structures and the importance of correct grammar in understanding texts. It is hoped that this research can improve understanding of syntax and grammar which will facilitate understanding of sociology and historical texts.

Hybrid Source Multi-Port Quasi-Z-Source Converter with Fuzzy-Logic-Based Energy Management

In this paper, a fuzzy-logic-based energy management system and a multi-port quasi-z-source converter that utilizes hybrid renewable energy sources are proposed. The system ensures that each energy source module can be used individually by employing fuzzy logic to define the power modes. This approach also helps to prevent switching losses resulting from the extra switching of the source modules. In addition, the proposed energy management does not have a mathematical model, so its applicability is simple, and it is suitable for different multiple-input topologies. The Mamdani fuzzy inference system can be designed to capture the nonlinear behavior of the system owing to linguistic rules. Moreover, the switching losses of the multiport modules were significantly reduced by adopting the quasi-z-source network to the end of the multiport converter. Furthermore, different errors, such as the root mean square error (RMSE), average squared error (ASE), average absolute error (AAE), average time-weighted absolute error (ATWAE), tracking error (TE), and unscaled mean bounded relative absolute error (UMBRAE), were applied to evaluate the fuzzy logic performance from different perspectives. The simulation results were obtained using MATLAB Simulink, and the experimental results were obtained by connecting the circuit to MATLAB Simulink using an Arduino Due.

Analisis Penggunaan Kalimat pada Teks Laporan Hasil Observasi dalam Buku Ajar Kelas X SMA Kurikulum Merdeka

In the Indonesian language textbook for class X SMA Merdeka curriculum, an error was found, namely in writing a sentence that did not comply with linguistic rules in the form of using inappropriate punctuation, using wrong diction, and applying conjunctions that were not appropriate. Effective sentences are absolutely used so that the reader can understand the information obtained. Errors found in the text of the observation report were the main factor in this research. This study aims to find out the mistakes in writing sentences contained in the text of the report on observations of Class X SMA Merdeka Curriculum. By doing this error analysis, the teaching materials used will make it easier for students to learn. The benefits obtained after carrying out the analysis are knowing the errors contained in the textbook which can then be analyzed and adapted to the learning needs of students. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach and a paradigmatic approach. The data comes from the report's text on the results of observations contained in the textbook. The method used is to read the entire text, find errors, analyze, classify errors, and correct these errors. The text of the observation report is a report in the form of the results of observation or research activities that contain facts obtained in the field. The results obtained from this study are the discovery of three errors, namely the application of inappropriate punctuation, the application of wrong diction, and the application of conjunctions that are not appropriate. These errors can occur because students do not understand the knowledge and skills used when writing a report.

Representasi Nilai Moral Dalam Film My Nerd Girl Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Drama Di Sma

The general research objective is to get an overview of the moral values ​​in a film and to find out the implications for drama learning in high school. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis approach, in which the researcher records carefully and carefully the data in the form of words, sentences, pictures, and videos. The use of a descriptive qualitative approach in this study aims to describe and understand the moral values ​​in the film My Nerd Girl. The film My Nerd Girl provides many illustrations regarding moral values ​​that can be presented as role models for students at school. Therefore, in learning drama films this can be presented as an alternative teaching material, especially in discussions about examining the characteristics of elements and linguistic rules in drama texts in the form of scripts or stages and presenting plays in the form of stages or scripts. Researchers found 45 data on moral values ​​in the film My Nerd Girl and have described their implications for drama learning in high school. The most common moral values ​​found were the moral values ​​of helping each other, the moral values ​​of being responsible and the moral values ​​of cruelty, while the fewest were the moral values ​​of persecution and the moral values ​​of revenge.

ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spotting.

Scene text spotting is of great importance to the computer vision community due to its wide variety of applications. Recent methods attempt to introduce linguistic knowledge for challenging recognition rather than pure visual classification. However, how to effectively model the linguistic rules in end-to-end deep networks remains a research challenge. In this paper, we argue that the limited capacity of language models comes from 1) implicit language modeling; 2) unidirectional feature representation; and 3) language model with noise input. Correspondingly, we propose an autonomous, bidirectional and iterative ABINet++ for scene text spotting. Firstly, the autonomous suggests enforcing explicitly language modeling by decoupling the recognizer into vision model and language model and blocking gradient flow between both models. Secondly, a novel bidirectional cloze network (BCN) as the language model is proposed based on bidirectional feature representation. Thirdly, we propose an execution manner of iterative correction for the language model which can effectively alleviate the impact of noise input. Additionally, based on an ensemble of the iterative predictions, a self-training method is developed which can learn from unlabeled images effectively. Finally, to polish ABINet++ in long text recognition, we propose to aggregate horizontal features by embedding Transformer units inside a U-Net, and design a position and content attention module which integrates character order and content to attend to character features precisely. ABINet++ achieves state-of-the-art performance on both scene text recognition and scene text spotting benchmarks, which consistently demonstrates the superiority of our method in various environments especially on low-quality images. Besides, extensive experiments including in English and Chinese also prove that, a text spotter that incorporates our language modeling method can significantly improve its performance both in accuracy and speed compared with commonly used attention-based recognizers. Code is available at https://github.com/FangShancheng/ABINet-PP.

Significance of Interlingual and Intralingual Error Analysis in the Process of Teaching German as a Second Language

The paper presents and analyzes common mistakes made due to the influence of the Georgian and English language in learning German as a foreign language. The research aims to review Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University’s students' written texts, identify errors, classify, and conduct contrast analysis. The research target group consists of twenty-four students in the second year of English philology. As a result of the analysis of errors made in written texts, interlingual and intralingual interferences were determined. Interlingual interference can be understood as "the process and result of the influence of linguistic features and rules of the native language on the foreign language.” Intralingual interference represents the interaction of specific linguistic phenomena within the same language (Kleppin, 1998:30).The analysis of written texts of twenty-four students studying German as a foreign language at Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University revealed that the students transferred errors not only from their native but their first or second foreign languages into the German language as well. This means that they frequently subconsciously rely on their previous language experience (often native, but not only), which is precisely the cause of mistakes in learning German.

KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PERSUASI MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR

This study aims to describe the ability to write persuasive texts for class VIII junior high school students through the use of image media. The instrument used in this study was a performance test of writing persuasive text. The assessment taken in writing the text is based on the structure and linguistic rules contained in the persuasion text, namely the existence of opinions or arguments, facts, and invitation sentences. Then students write persuasive texts using image media. This research is a type of descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The research data was obtained from the students' ability to write persuasive texts. The research subjects were students of class VIIIF as many as 30 students. Analysis of the data used in this study is the result of student work.The results showed that the ability to write persuasive texts using image media in every aspect got a score above the average. In the aspect of writing arguments, the score is 84, the ability to write facts is 89, and the value of the ability to write invitations is 85. The conclusions of this study indicate that the ability to write persuasive texts for class VIIIF students is in the capable category with an average score of 86. of the overall results of the assessed aspects.

Validating algorithms designed for fertilization control in rice farming system

Rice yields in Rwanda seldom reach values expected for irrigated production, in part due to poor fertilization management. To adapt well-known best practices to local conditions, two fuzzy fertilization algorithms were designed for conditions of rice production in Rwanda. Fuzzy algorithms have a linguistic rule base of 183 IF THEN statements linking measurable field conditions to crop yield. Interviews with government agricultural experts and published knowledge of site conditions were used to create the rule base which incorporates the known nutrient requirements of the different growth stages of rice. Fuzzy algorithms are intended for use in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. To validate the algorithms, historical weather and field data are used to drive yield simulations for different plots during the first growing season of 2020 at sites in northeast Rwanda. Predicted yields are compared to measured yields for scenarios with different irrigation levels and fertilization amounts and with and without full Internet connectivity. Insights are provided on the potential of these fuzzy methods to improve rice nutrient management for increased yields in low-income countries are discussed.

Dig Here! Extracting and Using Knowledge from Financial Audit Reports

Financial audits establish trust in the governance and processes in an organization, but they are time-consuming and knowledge intensive. To increase the effectiveness of financial audit, we address the task of generating audit suggestions that can help auditors to focus their investigations. Specifically, we present NLP techniques to extract hidden knowledge from a corpus of past financial audit reports of many companies, and use it for generating audit suggestions. The extracted knowledge consists of a set of automatically identified sentences containing adverse remarks, the financial variables mentioned in each sentence and automatically assigned XBRL categories for them, since XBRL is a standardized taxonomy in the financial domain. In the absence of suitable labeled data, we adopted a weak supervision approach. We designed a set of high precision linguistic rules to identify adverse remark sentences, created automatically labeled training data using them, and trained BERT-based and other classifiers to identify such sentences. We next presented novel techniques (which are either unsupervised or zero-shot) to assign zero, one, or more XBRL categories to any given adverse remark sentence. We evaluated the proposed approaches, on a large corpus of real-life financial statements and audit reports, against competent baselines. Given a company’s financial statements (already identified as suspicious), and given a subset of financial variables in them that contribute to suspiciousness, we match these with the extracted knowledge base and identify aligned adverse remarks that help the auditor in focusing on specific directions for further investigations.

A study on methods for revising dependency treebanks: in search of gold

Reliably annotated corpora with reliable annotation are a valuable resource for Natural Language Processing, which justifies the search for methods capable of assisting linguistic revision. In this context, we present a study on methods for revising dependency treebanks, investigating the contribution of three different strategies to the corpus review: (i) linguistic rules; (ii) an adaptation of the n-grams method proposed by Boyd et al. (2008) applied to Portuguese; and (iii) Inter-Annotator Disagreement, a linguistically motivated approach that draws inspiration from the human annotation process. The results are promising, and taken together the three methods can lead to the revision of up to 58% of the errors in a specific corpus at the cost of revising only 20% of the corpus. We also present a tool that integrates treebank editing, evaluation and search capabilities with the review methods, as well as a gold-standard Portuguese corpus from the oil and gas domain.

On the Implementation of Fuzzy Inference Engines on Quantum Computers

Quantum computers can be a revolutionary tool to implement inference engines for fuzzy rule-based systems. In fact, the use of quantum mechanical principles can enable parallel execution of fuzzy rules and allow them to be used efficiently in complex contexts such as distributed and big data environments. This paper introduces the very first quantum-based fuzzy inference engine that is capable of providing exponential acceleration in fuzzy rule execution compared to its classical counterpart, and allows a quantum computer to be programmed by fuzzy linguistic rules. The proposed inference engine was implemented using a quantum algorithm design scheme based on the oracle notion. This scheme allows the modeling of a fuzzy rule-based system as a Boolean function, the oracle, which is able to reconstruct the relationships between the antecedent and consequent parts of fuzzy rules, and can be efficiently computed on a quantum computer. The suitability of the proposed quantum algorithm for use as a fuzzy inference engine was tested in a typical benchmark scenario, such as that provided by inverted pendulum control.

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa pada Teks Editorial dalam Modul Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Kelas XII SMA Kurikulum Merdeka

Language has an important contribution in communicating with others. If there is no language for communication, it is impossible to run smoothly. The use of language cannot be separated from mistakes in both speech and writing. Language errors are forms of errors in the use of speech forms of various linguistic units in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs. The standard language rule system is a form of Indonesian language rule that is used as a reference standard. The purpose of this investigation is to be able to describe the forms of language errors, the factors that trigger language errors, and efforts to resolve these errors. In the editorial text in the teaching module there are still language errors at the syntactic level, therefore it is interesting for the author to investigate errors at the syntactic level. In this research, we used two methods of data collection and data analysis. The data analysis method used was documentary. Apart from that, the descriptive method was used for analyzing data. From the data, it was found that there was an error in the language at the syntactic level in the editorial for the Indonesian language teaching module for class XII SMA Merdeka curriculum. Based on the data investigation conducted, there were 4 language errors found, among others, standard word errors, conjunction errors, punctuation errors, and effective sentence errors. The benefits obtained after conducting an analysis of language errors in editorial texts are improving sentence structure according to linguistic rules

Rhetorical Functions of Articles in SINTA Accredited Journal

Background: 
 In the past ten years or so, the publication of research journal articles has been increasing and growing. The development is even more significant when the Higher Education in Circular Letter No.152 / E / T / 2012 requires article writing for students of all levels as one of the graduation requirements. The publication of articles, especially in English-language journals, is a challenge for Indonesian authors to be able to produce scientific papers that not only meet scientific rules but also linguistic rules in English.
 Methodology: 
 This study aims to see the function of rhetorical moves in English journal articles published in SINTA-accredited journals. The part of the article to be studied is focused on the Introduction which has the main role of providing general information about the research background. The rhetoric function of this article will show a series of texts that have a specific function in the Introduction. The sample of this study was taken from articles in the SINTA-accredited journals level 2 and written in English written by authors of non-English-language disciplines. Two articles were randomly selected from each journal so in total it amounted to 16 articles.
 Findings: 
 This study looks at what rhetorical functions were used, and the textuality of the rhetorical functions used in the Introduction to articles written and published in SINTA-accredited journals level 2. “Indicating the Structure of the Research Paper” and “Announcing Principal Findings” were the least two rhetorical functions stated by the authors in the Introduction section. Two articles in this study fulfil the textuality components but the rests fail to fulfill the textuality components.
 Conclusion: 
 Writing journal articles in English is a great challenge for Authors with an English as a foreign language (EFL) background. Language proficiency, academic language mastery, academic writing convention and mechanics awareness which include rhetorical functions and textuality might distract their content writing competence.
 Originality: 
 Many studies searched the rhetorical functions of postgraduate theses, journal articles, and thesis abstracts in English written by non-native English; however, research on journal articles by Indonesian journal publishers is limited.

Fostering pre-service EFL teachers’ communicative competence through role-playing games

The quality of foreign language teaching (FLT) is inextricably linked with developing students’ communicative competence (CC), a complex formation that is being comprehended by methodologists. The term “communicative competence” (CC) implies the speaker's production of grammatically correct language appropriate to various social settings while observing the linguistic and social rules of native speakers. Despite the complex structure of developing English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' CC, one of the conditions for its successful course is a systemic and technological approach to role-playing games (RPG) in teaching dialogue speech. The study aims to examine the development of EFL students' CC and the effects of RPG in teaching dialogue speech. To test the hypothesis that a systemic and technological approach to using RPG in teaching dialogue speech fosters the pre-service EFL teachers’ CC, the research methodology employed a semi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with pre-service EFL teachers. Participants (n=36) were divided into experimental (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The results of the posttest experiment confirmed the effectiveness of systemic and technological approaches to the use of RPG in significantly increasing the pre-service EFL teachers’ CC.

PENGARUH AKTIVITAS GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN KATA BAKU DAN TIDAK BAKU PADA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA

In this article describes the results of research on students of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang who can distinguish standard and non-standard languages, it seems that there are still not being able to distinguish these languages, so the purpose of the research is the ability and understanding in distinguishing standard and non-standard languages according to the language,research findings reveal that 85% of students can distinguish standard languages. According to linguistic rules and 15% of students who cannot distinguish non-standard languages. There are many ways to obtain data, including through observation and interviews. according to research results some people still can't understand why this is so because standard Indonesian is needed to make it easier and function as the national language, the language of unity, the pride language of the Indonesian language. In the world of education, Indonesian language subjects are considered to be able to help students to be able to understand and understand the rules of language, therefore students are expected to be able to distinguish them based on the context and purpose of their use not violating Indonesian linguistic norms. the ability of students to recognize and master the appropriate language in accordance with the relevant Indonesian rules. This can help students to be able to distinguish and master vocabulary.

Adaptive second order sliding mode guidance law for missile-target interception with fuzzy logic system

This paper presents the design of a 3D missile guidance law based on a second order sliding mode control technique employing an adaptive tuning law and a fuzzy gain scheduling. At the outset, the super-twisting sliding mode guidance law is obtained to overcome the chattering phenomenon. Then, without the knowledge about the bounds of disturbances, an adaptive law is used to determine the control gains. The results are enhanced using a fuzzy module that provides the controller parameters according to a set of linguistic rules. Finally, a comparative set of simulation results are given. To verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed guidance law, we compare the performances of the traditional sliding mode (SM) guidance law, the traditional super-twisting sliding mode (STWSM) guidance law, the adaptive super-twisting sliding mode (ASTWSM) guidance law and the adaptive fuzzy super-twisting, sliding mode (AFSTWSM) guidance law. The simulation scenarios consider fundamental target movements. The results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive guidance laws display better performance in terms of miss distance, intercept time, and final closing velocity compared the alternatives considered in this study.