Linguistic Resources Research Articles

Kielimaisemat kielikoulutuspolitiikan kohteena ja tekijänä kieliparikouluissa

This chapter examines the relationship between language ideologies, language education policies and linguistic landscapes in education. Our context is co-located Swedish- and Finnish-medium schools that share the school building but function as separate and administratively monolingual units. Basic education in Finland is organized separately for both national languages and the separation has been considered crucial to shelter Swedish as a de facto minority language. Therefore, co-located schools have raised some critical voices but more recently also increasing interest as multilingual learning environments. In this chapter, we examine co-located schools with a focus on linguistic landscapes and how they enable and constrain multilingual social practices and language learning. We conclude that even if co-located schools provide a linguistically diverse learning environment, the utilization of these linguistic resources for the purposes of language learning requires long-term planning.

A Fine-Grained Approach for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Using Clustering and Hybrid Deep Neural Networks

Emotion recognition, as an important part of human-computer interaction, is of great research significance and has already played a role in the fields of artificial intelligence, healthcare, and distance education. In recent times, there has been a growing trend in using deep learning techniques for EEG emotion recognition. These methods have shown higher accuracy in recognizing emotions when compared with traditional machine learning methods. However, most of the current EEG emotion recognition performs multi-category single-label prediction, and is a binary classification problem based on the dimensional model. This simplifies the fact that human emotions are mixed and complex. In order to adapt to real-world applications, fine-grained emotion recognition is necessary. We propose a new method for building emotion classification labels using linguistic resource and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). Additionally, we integrate the frequency domain and spatial features of emotional EEG signals and feed these features into a serial network that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) for EEG emotion feature learning and classification. We conduct emotion classification experiments on the DEAP dataset, and the results show that our method has an average emotion classification accuracy of 92.98% per subject, validating the effectiveness of the improvements we have made to our emotion classification method. Our method for emotion classification holds potential for future use in the domain of affective computing, such as mental health care, education, social media, and so on. By constructing an automatic emotion analysis system using our method to enable the machine to understand the emotional implications conveyed by the subjects’ EEG signals, it can provide healthcare professionals with valuable information for effective treatment outcomes.

‘English is our 2nd language, konglish is our mother tongue’: Recolonizing English Through Translingual Activism in a Social Movement

Abstract This paper probes alternative meanings and processes for decolonizing English that arise from the particular geopolitical histories and identities of Hong Kong and engagement with political and translingual activism. I illustrate the positioning and tension between English, ‘Kongish’ (a mix of English and localized linguistic resources in Hong Kong), and Chinese in 1,355 comments from four live-streamed videos of clashes between the police and protesters. Despite the default language of the news page being Chinese (standard written Chinese and written Cantonese), a vast majority of the comments are written in English and Kongish. I analyse the commenters’ metalinguistic discourse that represents their alignment and non-alignment stances towards the various linguistic practices in the comment threads. I draw on ‘translingual activism’ (Pennycook 2019) to understand the linguistic resourcefulness of the commenters who support the protests and the indexing of an us–them relationship between Hong Kong and mainland China. Rather than decolonizing English, I argue that the Hong Kong commenters recolonize English for new subversive purposes to maintain an ideological ‘separation’ between their Hong Kong and Chinese identities in times of political transformations.

Analyzing Deixis of English Speech by Kim Namjoon (BTS) at the United Nations

Humans, as social beings, naturally interact to fulfill various life needs. This study aimed to analyze different deixis types in Kim Namjoon's speech and understand their meanings. The research employed Stephen C. Levinson's Theory and utilized a descriptive qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The findings revealed five deixis categories in Kim Namjoon's speech: personal, spatial, temporal, discourse, and social. These were distributed as follows: 129 (65.8%) personal deixis, 15 (7.7%) spatial deixis, 10 (5.1%) temporal deixis, 31 (15.8%) discourse deixis, and 11 (5.6%) social deixis. In total, 196 deixis instances were identified in Kim Namjoon's speech. His speech, titled "Speak Yourself," aimed to inspire young people to embrace self-love, discover their inner voices, and confidently express themselves to the world. The significance of this research lies in enhancing our understanding of deixis and its role as a linguistic resource, particularly in terms of usage and significance within utterances.

Exploring Gender Marking in Political Discourse: A Linguistic Analysis of Election Speeches

The prevailing hallmark within contemporary paradigms of humanitarian research is anthropocentrism, characterized principally by its invocation of Homo Loquens, or "speaking man." Within this context, the scrutiny of discourse, which embodies the pivotal facet of human existence expressed through language, assumes a paramount role. It is not fortuitous that discursive linguistics has presently become an integral component of anthropocentric linguistics, introducing innovative methodologies for acquiring, describing, and interpreting linguistic materials. The discursive dimension mandates an examination of linguistic phenomena in conjunction with cultural-historical, socio-situational, and communicative-pragmatic attributes. The effective deployment of communicative strategies necessitates the utilization of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, analogy, epithet, anaphora, and the like. The integrated utilization of diverse linguistic resources undoubtedly amplifies the potency of language, which constitutes the primary objective in constructing the requisite persona of a political figure. Keywords: elections, linguistic analysis, gender-neutral units, gender-determined units.

Multilingual practice and multilingual selves: A mixed-method study of EMI international students in Japan

The utilization of English-medium Instruction (EMI) has become increasingly prevalent in Japanese higher education as a means of promoting internationalisation. International students who come to study in Japan are likely to encounter unforeseen multilingual situations where they are forced to learn the local language. This study employed a mixed-methods investigation comprising both quantitative and qualitative elements to examine the relationship between EMI international students and the local language they have acquired, as well as the multilingual selves they have constructed through this process. A questionnaire-based quantitative survey completed by 178 participants investigated the acquisition and use of the Japanese language by EMI international students and to identify any barriers they encountered during this process. In the second phase, a multi-case qualitative study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the multilingual selves of international students. Four participants took part in in-depth semi-structured interviews. The findings of this study indicate that EMI international students do not possess a holistic understanding of a certain language, but they could achieve holistic communication with all the linguistic resources they possess. Policy recommendations for language education and language support in EMI settings have been proposed for practitioners and stakeholders in the academic community to ensure that language proficiency is optimized to enhance effective teaching and learning outcomes.

Examining the communication of female political leaders in the Global South

Abstract This Special Issue expands on the ongoing dialogue on the decolonial project by bringing together thought-provoking papers that examine the communication of female political leaders in the Global South. It draws on data from West Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean and the Middle East to elucidate how female politicians deploy language (including multimodal forms) to position themselves in the political arena and utilize linguistic resources to navigate the discursive practices associated with their political roles and responsibilities. The issue offers a critical discursive perspective on the complex interplay of gender, culture and political leadership, and holds implications for how key issues such as voice, agency, solidarity and empowerment are conceptualized and enacted in specific sociocultural contexts. It also contributes to overcoming epistemicide by decentring knowledge production and underscoring the importance of valuing and engaging with different knowledge systems, especially non-Western epistemologies.

A cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary, and cross-gender study on Appraisal resources in PhD dissertation abstracts: Martin & White's (2005) Appraisal Theory in focus

The abstract which complements proposals, articles, and dissertations, is a remarkable convention in scientific studies since it creates access for readers and authors to read or publish studies or articles. Research abstracts (RA) function as the gateway to view an article, journals' selection for contributions, and for conferences to accept or reject articles (Lores, 2004) In this study, we aimed to investigate the preferences of writers in 160 PhD dissertation abstracts, encompassing both male and female native and non-native authors, across various fields of study, both in the hard and soft sciences. Our primary objective was to discern the writers' inclinations towards utilizing specific linguistic resources, as proposed by Martin and White's Appraisal theory (2005), to convey their positions and engage with the perspectives articulated by their peers. The analysis of the data, conducted using statistical methods, unveiled a pervasive utilization of appraisal resources by the writers, enabling them to articulate their viewpoints, prospects, perceptions, and evaluations concerning diverse subjects. Among these resources, Attitude resources stood out prominently, constituting a substantial 84% of the total Appraisal resources employed in all the abstracts. Graduation resources held an intermediate position, while Engagement resources were the least utilized. Within the realm of Attitude subcategories, Appreciation resources emerged as the most prevalent. Remarkably, female authors specializing in the soft sciences displayed a higher degree of proficiency in the use of these resources, surpassing their counterparts in other categories. This finding suggests that female writers in the soft sciences possess exceptional interpersonal communication skills, making them particularly persuasive and inspirational. The implications of this study extend to the domains of language teaching and learning, material development, and syllabus design. It sheds light on how writers employ linguistic resources to convey their positions effectively, offering valuable insights for educational practices and curriculum enhancement.

Linguistic Landscape of Football. Reterritorialization in a Minority Setting

Abstract Football has been related to various fields of linguistics, and linguistic landscape (LL) research is no exception. The study examines how football fans in a linguistically, culturally, and ethnically diverse region claim the club and the stadium as their own space in the process of reterritorialization (Monaghan 2020), due to numerous linguistic and semiotic resources. The research site is a Hungarian minority context in the public space of a football stadium in Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. The linguistic landscape of football in Sfântu Gheorghe has never been explored in depth before. The study draws on a corpus based on photographs, videos taken inside and outside of the stadium, and data collected from the social media. The analysis shows that the presence of Hungarian in this particular LL indexes collective identity and describes the positioning strategies of the Hungarian minority speakers. The study also explores the processes of identity negotiation in which they are engaged.

Answering the Call: Experiences of Implementing Antiracist Interventions in Health Care

Abstract: Since 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic and police violence against Black Americans made undeniably visible inequities in health outcomes based on race, health professionals have issued calls for their colleagues to practice antiracism. Yet few studies have qualitatively described the experiences of health professionals who have implemented antiracist interventions to identify the factors that make them successful. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 51 health professionals and administrators who had introduced changes in their clinical practices explicitly to address health inequities based on race. The interventions focused on removing barriers to access for patients who lack the linguistic, economic, or cultural resources to navigate a complicated health care system. Interprofessional collaboration, leadership support, and community trust facilitated the success of the interventions. Restrictive insurance reimbursement policy was the most cited barrier. The experiences of these health professionals illustrate possibilities for implementing antiracist interventions at the point of care.

Exploring the role of first language in ecological awareness and communication across Pakistan: A mixed method study

The present study proposes a linguistic habitat that may evoke people's first language (L1) to support a better understanding of current environmental catastrophes and address one pathway to support solution finding. A purposive participant sample consisted of 25 undergraduate students majoring in linguistics was selected to provide input regarding how their first language (Balochi, Balti, Pashto, Punjabi, and Sindhi) might approach ecological problems and consider its role in promoting ecosolidarity. While considering the epistemological perspectives offered by ecolinguistics, the qualitative data were analyzed to determine linguistic resources (words and structures) employed by the participants to describe aspects of the environmental crisis. As an element of the analysis, findings were also explored through quantitative percentages of representation. Findings revealed that while describing the natural environment in Urdu and English, the two official, and dominant languages of Pakistan, the participants often borrowed words and used structures that did not connect directly to first language terminology. This situation not only may result in misunderstandings and misinterpretation of subsequent actions for change, but it also suggests that multiple world voices as native speaker tongues may not have played an integral role in messaging to a broad population of speakers across Pakistan. The study suggests that purposeful, ecological language planning and the application of ecological content to local languages should be part of the ecological dialogue because they have the potential to promote deeper understanding at individual and collective societal levels.

SEMANTIC VALENCE OF THE WORD "CAMEL" AND ITS AUTOMATION METHODS IN THE NATIONAL CORPUS

This study analyzes the compatibility and semantic valence of the word "camel" in linguistic science. The purpose of the paper is to propose ways to verbalize the semantic valence of the word "camel" of the conceptual knowledge that served as the basis for it. Camel is a conceptual concept that has formed the image of the Kazakh ethnic world. It has more than 500 combined complex concepts. Because the camel occupies a special place in the life of the Kazakh people. The natural qualities and functions of the camel are the most important quality, endurance and tolerance and a tendency to a semi-desert zone have been widely recognized due to the combination with the word "camel" in the language system. There is also a special way to formalize and verbalize some concepts that represent the ethnic picture of the world on linguistic resources. Thus, it is quite possible to make a separate subcorpus of conceptual names representing the ethnic image of the Kazakhs from the National Corpus of the Kazakh language. The National Corpus provides effective ways of expressing the conceptual image of the concept, including the ethnic one. The cultural code of phrases semantically combined with the word camel is revealed. Why is the abundance of ethno-marked names related to camels determined in the Kazakh worldview? Since the concept of "image of the world picture" is the subject of interdisciplinary research, it is studied from different angles in each field. Since the worldview is an indicator of mental interpretation, it serves as a cognitive unit that asserts each nation has different knowledge about an abstract concept for a person. Having determined the ability to combine the word "camel" with such potential, we were convinced that the types of camels, the nature of the camel, the functions of the camel, and the connotative attribute that is actively used in describing a person, plant, animal, appearance, and character of a person. Automatization of the text related to the word "camel" is also carried out through a search system. By linking texts to the word "camel", it is quite possible to link them to the semantic designation in the sentence in which the phrase is involved.

Low-Resource Language Processing Using Improved Deep Learning with Hunter–Prey Optimization Algorithm

Low-resource language (LRL) processing refers to the development of natural language processing (NLP) techniques and tools for languages with limited linguistic resources and data. These languages often lack well-annotated datasets and pre-training methods, making traditional approaches less effective. Sentiment analysis (SA), which involves identifying the emotional tone or sentiment expressed in text, poses unique challenges for LRLs due to the scarcity of labelled sentiment data and linguistic intricacies. NLP tasks like SA, powered by machine learning (ML) techniques, can generalize effectively when trained on suitable datasets. Recent advancements in computational power and parallelized graphical processing units have significantly increased the popularity of deep learning (DL) approaches built on artificial neural network (ANN) architectures. With this in mind, this manuscript describes the design of an LRL Processing technique that makes use of Improved Deep Learning with Hunter–Prey Optimization (LRLP-IDLHPO). The LRLP-IDLHPO technique enables the detection and classification of different kinds of sentiments present in LRL data. To accomplish this, the presented LRLP-IDLHPO technique initially pre-processes these data to improve their usability. Subsequently, the LRLP-IDLHPO approach applies the SentiBERT approach for word embedding purposes. For the sentiment classification process, the Element-Wise–Attention GRU network (EWAG-GRU) algorithm is used, which is an enhanced version of the recurrent neural network. The EWAG-GRU model is capable of processing temporal features and includes an attention strategy. Finally, the performance of the EWAG-GRU model can be boosted by adding the HPO algorithm for use in the hyperparameter tuning process. A widespread simulation analysis was performed to validate the superior results derived from using the LRLP-IDLHPO approach. The extensive results indicate the significant superiority of the performance of the LRLP-IDLHPO technique compared to the state-of-the-art approaches described in the literature.

METHODS OF TRANSFERRING FULL WORD-FORMATION AFFIXES IN THE NATIONAL CORPUS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

This scientific article studies methods of transferring full word-formation affixes in the National Corpus of the Kazakh language. Affixes play an essential role in the forming of word formation and semantics of a language, and the study of their transmission is crucial for linguistic theory and practice. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize approaches to word-forming affixes in the corpus of the Kazakh language.The main areas of research include the analysis of the morphological features of affix transfer, as well as the identification of contexts in which various transmission options for transfer are possible.A short description of the scientific and practical significance of the work: the study allows us to better understand the proc esses of word formation in the Kazakh language and develop effective methods for automatic processing of texts in this language. It is also of practical importance for the creation of linguistic resources and the development of language applications. Brief description of the research methodology: the research methodology includes the analysis of textual material from the national corpus of the Kazakh language, as well as the use of linguistic tools and data analysis to determine the features of the transmission of affixes. The main results and analysis of the research work, conclusions: the study revealed various ways of transmitting wordforming affixes, including morphological constructions, in the corpus of the Kazakh language. The analysis made it possible to identify the features and frequency of these methods. Value of the conducted research: this study contributes to the linguistic theory, and enriches our knowledge about the mechanisms of word formation and ways of transmitting linguistic elements in the language corpus. In addition, the results obtained can be useful for the development of language technologies and resources for the Kazakh language. Practical significance of the results: the study can be used in the creation of automatic systems of text processing systems in the Kazakh language, and the development of language applications, such as in linguistic training and translation. The obtained results and conclusions can become the basis for further research in the field of linguistics and computational linguistics.

Legal and Political Framing of Homophobia in two Namibian Newspapers since Independence: An Appraisal Theoretic Analytical Approach

The most abhorred population group in Africa (and by extension in Namibia) is the LGBTQI community. Non-heterosexuality is largely condemned in most African countries for political, religious, cultural and legal reasons. Couched within Appraisal Theory, the paper examines how linguistic resources are exploited in manners that evince how homophobia is politically and legally framed in two Namibian daily newspapers – The Namibian and New Era. For example, while the world has reacted to the realities of the departure from the traditional binary definitional parameters of sexualities and sexual identities, Namibia still remains largely homophobic, together with at least 47 other African countries still criminalising homosexuality. In 2001, for example, a video documentary quotes the then President of Namibia, Dr Sam Nujoma, expressing the sentiments that “Lesbians and homosexualism, these we condemn – we reject them. In Namibia there will be no lesbian, no homosexualism” (Blecher, 2001). In August 2005, Minister of Home Affairs, Theopolina Mushelenga, publicly denounced the human rights of Namibian gays and lesbians and also asserted that “homosexuals were responsible for the HIV and AIDS pandemic” (Lorway, 2006, p. 436). Homosexuality has generally, thus, been regarded as an uncultural, unAfrican, uncommon and unacceptable phenomenon in Africa, including Namibia. In Namibia, as in other African countries, the penalty for homosexual behaviour is imprisonment. Many Namibian political leaders have publicly expressed that homosexual rights go against the legal, religious and cultural values of the country. There are political and legal imports to the rejection of homosexual behaviour patterns in Namibia as evinced in news reporting cultures. Homosexuality in Namibian political and legal discourses is largely imagined as either an ‘unAfrican’ behaviour or attributed to western influences on Africa. Linguistic expression by many Namibian politicians also evince a revulsion of homosexuality.

Language Views for Scientific Sensemaking Matter: A Synthesis of Research on Multilingual Students’ Experiences with Science Practices Through a Translanguaging Lens

This synthesis examines recent science education research on multilingual students’ experiences with language-rich science practices. Adopting a translanguaging lens, we explore how researchers’ language conceptualizations impact the science practices they study and the ways multilingual students are positioned. This analysis helps us understand the extent to which recent research is disrupting, or sustaining, minoritizing narratives about multilingual students and how they sensemake in science. Based on our findings, we suggest researchers: (1) reflect upon and expand their views of language, which will enable the field to develop more nuanced understandings of how language use across linguistic and multimodal resources permeates all science practices, and (2) consider how to expand multilingual students’ language repertoires for sensemaking while also valuing students’ existing language resources and practices.

Perspectives on Language and Participation

Language plays a key role in enabling and restricting participation in society. Considering the increasing linguistic diversity in education, working life and society at large, it is important to understand what it requires from individuals to participate and for institutions to support participation. The yearbook articles explore the concept of participation in relation to language, social justice, and social inclusion, highlighting how language choices and the use of specific linguistic resources can either support or hinder participation. That learning to master a specific national language would be a prerequisite for participation in society is challenged, and what is emphasised instead is the need for inclusive practices and a broader understanding of linguistic competence that goes beyond monolingual ideologies. In all, the yearbook provides a window to the richness of socially engaged applied linguistics as practiced in Finland and beyond.

От электронной публикации средневековой рукописи до больших данных, или Что знает искусственный интеллект о начале славянской книжности

The article describes the preparation of machine-readable linguistic resources based on medieval Slavic written monuments, as well as their use in systems for automated and automatic processing of large text data. The history of this area of applied Paleoslavistics is briefly shown on the example of several projects for the creation of electronic publications, collections and corpora of Slavic manuscripts. Particular attention is paid to the stages of development and the material of the Manuscript historical corpus (mansucripts.ru), which contains marked-up transliterations of Glagolitic and transcriptions of Cyrillic manuscripts of the 10th–15th centuries, as well as specialized tools for processing, demonstrating and analyzing non-standard graphic and spelling features and structure of texts. The labor-intensive and complex process of preparing copies of manuscripts and marking them up, unfortunately, is still the only way to convert a graphic image into a machine-readable form. It is noted that the tagged collections created on the basis of Slavic manuscripts make it possible to use the latter both for creating models for recognizing manuscripts in existing HTR systems and for developing new specialized tools for recognizing and analyzing Slavic manuscript heritage.

Building lexicon-based sentiment analysis model for low-resource languages

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has transformed machine translation, sentiment analysis, information retrieval, and conversation systems. NLP applications rely on complete linguistic resources, which might be difficult for low-resource languages. NLP solutions for every language require a language-specific dataset. Dataset in a language is essential for NLP solution creation. Over 7000 languages are spoken worldwide. Only around 20 languages have text corpora for NLP applications. English has the most datasets, then Chinese and Spanish. Japanese has several Western European language datasets. For an accurate NLP system, most Asian and African languages lack training datasets. To address this challenge, we propose a methodology for building a lexicon-based sentiment analysis model for languages with limited resources. The Hausa language was used as training and evaluation language. The methodology combines lexicon creation; augmentation, annotation, and fine-tuning model, and has been tested on a corpus of Hausa tweets achieving an accuracy of 98 %. The results suggest that our proposed model is a promising tool for sentiment analysis in a variety of applications, such as social media monitoring, customer service, and market research. Our methodology can be used for any low-resource language. The outline of the work done in this paper can be shown as follows:•We propose a methodology for building a lexicon-based sentiment analysis model for languages with limited resources, using the Hausa language as a case study.•The methodology combines lexicon creation, augmentation, annotation, and fine-tuning model, and achieves an accuracy of 98 % on a corpus of Hausa tweets.•The results suggest that the proposed model is a promising tool for sentiment analysis in a variety of applications for low-resource languages.

Learning to write or writing to resist? A primary school child's response to a family writing intervention

This article examines a primary-school child's response to a writing initiative arranged by his academic parents to address his writing deficiency in a context of “crisis” discourses about children's writing. While the child protested the intervention, he wrote reluctantly for 18 months and produced 205 texts of over 25,000 words. Analyses of the texts using children's “agency” and “subjectification” showed his linguistic resistance to the writing routine. While he capitalised his dislike of the parental intervention as a recurrent writing topic, he also exploited linguistic transgression, translanguaging and language play as vital mechanisms for resistance. Paradoxically, such forms of resistance also pointed to his mastery of rhetorical conventions and linguistic resources. The findings provide rationale for applied linguists, language educators and researchers to reflect on children's writing development and their agency on one hand and ethical issues in intervening in and researching children's writing life on the other.