Meaningful Research Articles

Using British and American аdvertising texts in teaching English to students of a technical University

The article analyzes one of the modern trends in the methodology of teaching foreign languages – the use of combined and text advertising as a means of teaching English at a technical university. Advertising texts contain a wealth of material about cultural realities, reflect the value system of a foreign-speaking society, thus providing access to information about traditions, customs, historical facts and much more. Due to this, they can be used as one of the most effective resources in teaching foreign languages. Such texts can be used in a variety of educational situations for various purposes. Advertising texts are suitable for solving a wide range of methodological problems. The subject of this article is to study the use of advertising texts in foreign language lessons. The following methods were used in the work: descriptive, the method of contextual analysis, elements of component and logical-semantic analysis, the method of field structuring, as well as pedagogical methods. The scientific novelty of the research results is determined by an integrated approach to the study of vocabulary of an advertising text, taking into account its phonetic, grammatical and morphological characteristics. This study defines the role of advertising texts for society at the present time, lists and describes the main components of an effective advertising text, as well as the linguistic means used by advertisers to increase the effectiveness of advertising texts. The article presents examples of lexical, stylistic and grammatical techniques based on the material of American and English advertising texts of popular brands. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results obtained in lexical practice, as an educational material in English classes. These materials will help the teacher to diversify and modernize the content of practical English classes at a technical university.

Analysis of temporal and spatial systems in chinese linguoculture (on russian language background).

The present article is dedicated to the concepts of time and space as a fragment of the Russian and Chinese linguistic worldviews. Notions of time are fundamental to any culture and people's worldview, hence in this study, we attempt to "unify" the aspects of Chinese and Russian time and space that we have identified through research. Our research object, as a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview, is connected with notions of time and space. The subject of our investigation is the linguistic means in which Russian speakers' notions of time are expressed, considered against the backdrop of the Chinese language in lexical, semantic, and grammatical aspects.The aim of the study is to identify and describe the main features of the representation of time in Chinese and Russian languages, as well as to highlight the main differences in the representation of time and space in the Chinese and Russian linguistic worldviews. Structural-semantic, linguacultural, and comparative analysis methods are employed to analyze the conceptual models of time in these two languages. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the attempt to use a spatial model to describe the concept of time in order to identify possible temporal dimensions in language, as well as in attempting to interpret and generalize the notions of time from the perspective of the cognitive perception of Chinese language speakers. The theoretical significance of this article lies in the endeavor to specify the cognitive perception of language speakers through the analysis of historical and cultural origins of time models, as well as in generalizing some regularities of time expression in modern languages. Studying the fundamental concept of time and space models contributes to the further development of cognitive models, translation, teaching Russian and Chinese as foreign languages etc.

Феномен коммуникативной демонстративности в современном дискурсе

This article is devoted to the problem of communicative demonstrativeness in the speech of a modern person. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the leading features of the communicative category of demonstrativeness as a new phenomenon of modern discourse that has emerged as a result of socio-cultural evolution. As a result of the study, it is established that communicative demonstrativeness is an actual universal norm of interaction, which is the communicative tonality that structures the process of verbal communication and performs the function of self-manifestation and means of emotional influence on the addressee. Demonstrativeness is considered as a universal component of the sign, objectifying and conveying a certain meaning. Communicative demonstrativeness is actualized at all language levels and is implemented in speech products through the use of various linguistic and non-linguistic means. It is found that the leading means of expression of this communicative category are explicit semantic means, peripheral — lexico-grammatical means and paralinguistic signs. Its main types are positive and negative varieties. Communicative demonstrativeness is manifested in all circumstances of communication within the framework of socially communicative spheres. Being a form of mental reflection of reality, demonstrativeness determines the national communicative behavior of an individual people and the standards of the global communicative space.

LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MEMORABLE ANTROPONYMS IN KARAKALPAK FOLKLORE

In this article the discussed question is the present day status of the language, as well as the role of deep onomastic research into its folk art on the way of development, specitically, there is discussion about human names used in karakalpak folklore, which made a huge impact on centuries old traditions of name giving among karakalpak people. The article is devoted to the study of the linguistic and culturological meanings of common names in Karakalpak folklore. The author argues that they are carriers of information about the history, culture, life, psychology of the people.

Structural, grammatical and linguocultural aspects of the meteorolexeme "halun" in the Mongolian languages

The article analyzes the meteorological vocabulary in the Mongolian languages, which characterizes hot weather. The linguistic means of expressing hot weather in the worldview of the Mongolian peoples can be represented as integral and consistent natural phenomena that are systematically used by traditional speakers in direct, figurative, comparative, evaluative and metaphorical meanings. The object of the study is nominative units (words, phrases, phraseological units) in Mongolian languages that characterize hot weather. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the compatibility of the "halun" meteorological system. The bearers of a nomadic civilization are directly dependent on the natural and climatic features that determined the state of nomadic management, orientation and location of a person in nature and society. The relations of nature, man and the animal world, reflected in the ethnic consciousness of native speakers, had their own systemically categorical forms of expression in linguistic pictures of the world. For the Mongolian peoples, in addition to universal verbal forms of expression of these relations, the whole variety of linguistic and cultural approaches was used to express figuratively comparative and evaluative aesthetic means of language. This article uses a descriptive method, a comparative method, a method of linguistic and cultural analysis of lexical units. In the linguistic picture of the world of a traditional native speaker, the halun lexeme "heat, depending on the temperature regime, can denote different degrees of heat manifestation: from ordinary heat to incredible, exhausting heat, affecting the physical condition of a person. As examples, the author uses Mongolian lexicographic sources, texts of artistic and folklore works, in which lexemes denoting hot weather were analyzed from meteorological vocabulary. Meteorological vocabulary characterizing hot weather is considered in the article from the point of view of their composition, semantics, morphological-syntactic and lexico-semantic method of education. The peculiarity of artistic and folklore texts makes it possible to consider a specific lexeme in its various combinations, which makes it possible to fully reveal the features of the semantic structure of the word. In this aspect, meteorological names characterizing hot weather in the Kalmyk language are considered and systematized for the first time.

The genre diversity of A.P. Chekhov's work and his vision of reality

The author examines the genre diversity of A.P. Chekhov's literary work. It is noted that Chekhov's works have an acute social orientation, pronounced psychologism, and a subtle artistic description of the literary characters. It is said that an interested reader can observe a deep insight into everyday reality, while experiencing a sense of inevitability of fundamental changes in society. Attention is paid to the speech features of Chekhov's characters, which allow us to accurately characterize their natural essence in a sufficiently capacious form. At the same time, the importance of using the innovative subtext in the works of Anton Chekhov, the linguistic means of character behavior, is fixed, taking into account the fact that the text and the subtext are separated and often contradict each other. It is stated that the bright artistic talent of A.P. Chekhov demonstrated the power of typicality, which allowed the images of his many literary creations to become household names. In addition, the features of Anton Chekhov's dramaturgy, his depiction of real life on the stage, and a detailed description of everyday life are outlined. It is said about the reception of Chekhov's dramatic works by modern domestic and foreign masters of culture. It is concluded that the demand for individual author's receptions of Chekhov's intertext in modern drama certainly confirms the relevance of his works to date. It is emphasized that this is due to the socio-philosophical nature of theatrical productions that touch on moral issues of human existence, since Chekhov's desire for the truth of life and the truth of everyday life creates prerequisites for increased interest in them at all times. A common thread is the idea that the prose and drama of the creator formed the conditions for the further development of realistic traditions in world literature.

Failures of Mind and Meaning

ABSTRACT: The essay, by a philosophical scrutiny of certain failures of mind and language, explores the sense in which human intentionality is fundamentally normative and why the very sense in which that is so does not hold of linguistic meaning, which is not susceptible to such failures, despite its close links to human intentions.

Iconic Intuitions about Linguistic Meanings

I identify the nature and the epistemic status of a sub-type of linguistic intuitions that I call iconic intuitions (IIs). The naive speakers are able to detect, through these intuitions, consistent iconic correspondences between linguistic forms and meanings. Firstly, I identify the main features of the linguistic phenomenon detected by IIs: sound symbolism. The correspondences in which it consists are iconic because they are made up of different types of perceived similarities or associations based on similarities between stimuli - one of which is linguistic. Then, I analyze the main alternative philosophical and psychological characterizations of intuitions, and their evidential role, focusing on linguistic intuitions. On these bases, I conclude that intuitions should be conceived as a heterogeneous construct. Secondly, I argue that the IIs are neither beliefs, dispositions to belief, judgments, or intellectual seemings with propositional contents, but rather perceptual seemings. They consist of the ability or sensitivity to detect iconic correspondences or associations. In other words, sound inputs directly “track” the meanings conveyed by them. They are characterized by their peculiar presentational phenomenology and evaluative component. Now, according to the type of content and cognitive processing involved, it would seem convenient to distinguish between the most purely perceptual ones, based on associative processes, and those that also involve accumulated experience, analytical processes, and conceptual manipulation. After reviewing the psycholinguistic experimental literature based on intuitions about sound symbolism, I argue that IIs are first-level intuitions, and as such a reliable source of direct and prima facie evidence about the iconic features in language. Finally, I argue that these IIs offer a privileged “window” to explore the relationships between language and perception (and affection/emotion). I conclude by arguing that this kind of intuition is a non-dispensable input for philosophical reflection and scientific research on language. So, although I vindicate the relevance of intuitions for understanding linguistic meaning, IIs are not of the same kind, nor do they require the same methods for studying them as those that have mainly interested philosophers.

Аргументативное развертывание текста парламентских выступлений на микроуровне (на материале французского языка)

The research aims to identify functional types of semantic dependence within a fragment of the text of parliamentary speeches – the argumentative component. The paper examines the notion of an argumentative component and identifies its main elements. To establish an intentionally determined semantic dependence within this text segment, the notion of an argumentative move (AM) is introduced, which is understood as a functional unit of the addresser’s general communicative strategy and which is aimed at realizing a specific communicative intention. The relations of the functional-semantic connection, updating its argumentative moves, as well as the linguistic means that represent them are described. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that based on the material of the French language, it typologizes the relations of semantic dependence at the micro level of the argumentative construction of the text of parliamentary speeches, taking into account the functional-communicative aspect. As a result of the research, the intentionally determined semantic relations typical for the corpus of texts under study were determined: proper causation (AM ‘causal basis’), nonproper causation (AM ‘argument’), consequence (AM ‘conclusion’), concession (AM ‘insufficient basis’), disjunctiveness (AM ‘expanded alternative’ and AM ‘alternative motivation’), their linguistic markers were identified and systematized.

Формирование принципов научной этики у студентов при изучении иностранного языка

The paper is aimed at analyzing the scientific information security problems when learning a foreign language. It clarifies the definition of personal security, in general, and information security, in particular, in scientific ethics context. The paper considers the communicatively conditioned approaches to mastering the scientific ethics principles by the researchers from the viewpoint of using linguistic means for different citation types and special learning process organization with moral, cognitive and linguistic aspects having been taken to the account. The research emphasizes the information component importance in the process of mastering linguistic disciplines. It describes the scientific ethics development levels with the foreign language means being used in researchers. The paper compares the outcomes of developing the skills in the field of scientific ethics compliance for experimental and controlling students` groups in foreign language classes.

Лингвопрагматическая характеристика аннотаций массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (на материале немецкого языка)

The aim of the research is to provide a linguistic-pragmatic characterization of annotations of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as a type of text. The article analyzes the semantic and linguistic content of the elements comprising MOOC annotations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in offering a comprehensive linguistic characterization of MOOC annotations in the German language for the first time. The research findings establish that MOOC annotations are secondary reproductive texts that provide a recipient with brief information about the content and structure of the primary MOOC text. They are hybrid formations, combining features of academic and popular scientific discourses, as well as techniques typical of advertising and hospitality discourse practices. The substantive structure of MOOC annotations is more diverse than their compositional structure. Not all content components are strictly tied to specific compositional elements; they may be repeated in different variations within the same text. The choice of linguistic means in MOOC annotations largely depends on the communication style preferred by the course creators and the intended target audience.

ARGUMENTATIVE SUPERSTRUCTURE COMPONENT OF POPULAR SCIENCE SPEECHES

The article focuses on the argumentative superstructure component of popular science speeches. It includes three subcomponents (thesis, argument, demonstration). The thesis illustrates the position of the author of a popular science speech regarding the issue raised in the speech. The argument is a means of proving the statement. The demonstration is a means of explaining / clarifying the first two subcomponents. Thus, the function of the demonstration is to help the
 audience / listeners understand the full scope of the information contained in the thesis and argument. The palette of
 linguistic means marks the argumentative supercomponent and its subcomponents described in this article. Understanding superstructure generation mechanisms is necessary for translation & interpreting students in particular to remember large amounts of information better when interpreting.

Особенности структуры и языковой реализации категориальной ситуации необходимости в немецкоязычных инструктивных текстах со специфическим субъектом действия – животным

The research aim is to identify the specific structure of the modal categorial situation of necessity and the peculiarities of linguistic means usage to represent it in German-language instructional texts featuring a specific subject – an animal. Within the framework of the categorial situation concept, the modal value of necessity is examined, and the structural features of the necessity categorial situation in the analyzed texts are characterized. The linguistic means used in the German language to express it were highlighted, and the specifics of their usage for different models of necessity situations were described and analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to model the categorial situation of necessity and define the linguistic features of these models in instructional texts in the German language – manuals on care and upbringing of animals, where subjects include not only humans but also animals. Two structural models with different types of action subject were identified, where the determination of necessity and the level of obligatoriness influence the choice of linguistic means to express modal necessity in the studied German texts.

Особенности реализации стратегий косвенной вежливости в рамках коммуникативных стратегий политического медиадискурса (на материале выступления М. Зедера в ток-шоу «Маркус Ланц»)

The article is dedicated to describing the features of implementing the category of indirect politeness in the speech of the German politician Markus Söder. The research objective is to identify the linguistic means of expressing indirect politeness within the framework of communicative strategies and tactics in the political discourse of the German language. The study describes the linguistic means of implementing indirect politeness in political discourse, specifically in political talk shows. The scientific novelty of the research is linked to the continuous development of political discourse, where the specificity of impoliteness under the mask of politeness within the framework of political media discourse is identified for the first time using previously unexplored material in the German language. The research results revealed that all three types of communicative strategies influencing political positioning are almost equally present in the politician's speech. Strategies of indirect politeness were also identified, with the most frequent being the strategies of using tautology and changing the addressee. These results indicate that despite the confrontational nature of political discourse, the politician is still able to maintain politeness, which explains his popularity among voters.

Concept of «Mystery» and its Realization in the Works of J. Lippard and N. Buntline

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic means expressing the concept of «mystery» in the fictional works of J. Lippard and N. Buntline, the allocation of its socio-cultural component and the field model construction of lexical units representing this concept. The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern linguistics in the study of the conceptual sphere of artistic works of the «urban mysteries» genre by American authors.Methodology and sources. The study was conducted within the framework of a linguistic and cultural approach using methods of description, comparison, interpretative analysis, conceptual analysis, the method of dictionary definitions analyzing, structural and semantic analysis, and the method of quantitative calculations. The illustrative material of the study consisted of more than 74 lexical units representing the «mystery» concept in the language, 45 of which were found in the analyzed works. The material was obtained by the method of directed sampling from the fictional works of American authors of the 19th century.Results and discussion. This article discusses and analyzes various interpretations of the concept of «mystery» by domestic and foreign scientists; defines the role of the concept in the work of fiction as a whole and in the analyzed novels of two authors J. lippard and N. Buntline; identifies the features of the linguistic implementation of the «mystery» concept; classifies the linguistic units of the concept according to their parts of speech, semantics and stylistic coloring; analyzes the writers’ linguistic pictures of the world and the conceptual sphere of their works, the illustrative zone of which reveals the reasons for the similarity not only of the storylines of the works, but also of their lexical content.Conclusion. The study made it possible to describe and illustrate the individual style of American authors of the 19th century through a system of expressive means that correlates the inner world of the writer with the artistic reality, the artistic world of the text created by the «poetic» language. The mental world can be interpreted in cognitive terminology as an individual poetic conceptual sphere, or the conceptual system of the author, consisting of a conceptual, objective, associative, figurative and symbolic layer of the concept. The study showed that the learning of the writer's linguistic picture of the world and the conceptual sphere of the work can be carried out using a field model, analyzing the LSF forming the «mystery» concept. The analyzed LSF is distinguished by a more specific vocabulary composition, the complication of the seme structure of words, the seme expansion and the restructuring of their hierarchy, which together form the artistic worldview of the authors.

THE LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE EMOTIVE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS” IN TWO OLONKHO TEXTS (“KHAN DZHARGYSTUY” AND “NURGUN BOTUR, THE SWIFT”) AS A CASE-STUDY

The article provides a content analysis of the emotive concept of “„happiness””and its linguistic representation in the Olonkho texts titled “Khan Dzhargystuy” and “Nurgun Botur the Swift”. The aim of the study is to define the linguistic expressive means representing the concept of “„happiness””in the Olonkhonarratives. The following linguistic expressive means were identified as a result of the research: lexical means in the semantic field of “„happiness”” (yuor-kot‘to be filled with joy, to cheer’; kul-oyno ‘to be happy, to rejoice’; korulae‘to rejoice, to fool around’); figurative lexical means (ymay ‘to sneer’; yrdzhay ‘fleer’; muchuy ‘to smile timidly’); interjections (Uruy!Akhal! Ieheybin); and formulaic constructions (all-round “happiness”, a kiss after a long-time partition). It is worth mentioning the conceptual metaphors, which represent a comparison of a specific situation to another concept recognizable by the recipient of the metaphorical idea. Thus, in the Olonkho texts, the “happiness” concept is represented using a pattern of “clapping one’s hands together”, a descriptive feature typical for depicting the Lower World representatives. It can be concluded that the representation of “happiness” in the analyzed texts is hyperbolic, purposefully exaggerated, and effective in producing an emotional and evaluative effect. It also demonstrates the hierarchic relationships within the folk-epic world and the belonging to a specific group.

On the nature of action-sentence compatibility effects.

Strong versions of the embodied account of language processing propose that comprehension depends on the mental simulation of sensorimotor experiences conveyed by linguistic meaning. Primary support in favor of this view is based on demonstrations of processing advantages for compatibility between an action implied by sentence content and concurrent sensorimotor processing. Although these effects have been reported across a variety of contexts, various attempts to reproduce these results, both through direct replication and conceptual extension, have not been successful. We present a series of experiments that examine the viability of previous methods used to obtain compatibility effects and the validity of the typical interpretation of such effects as evidence for mental simulation of described actions. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that compatibility between sentence content and sensorimotor processing does not produce robust compatibility effects. Further, our findings suggest the data obtained from some studies that have been successful in generating compatibility effects can be accounted for without appealing to the notion that these effects are due to the simulation of actions implied by the meaning of a sentence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

«Очевидно, что …»: бустинг как стратегия экспликации уверенности автора в достоверности пропозиции (корпусный анализ жанра «аннотация к научной статье»)

The article analyzes linguistic means used for boosting which is considered a crucial metadiscourse strategy regularly employed in the genre of research article abstracts. The study aims at identifying the types of booster and the frequency of occurrence of boosting markers in Russian-language research article abstracts in the field of soft and hard sciences. The study makes an attempt to reveal differences in the use of these metadiscourse patterns and suggest reasons for the uneven distribution of boosters in the two corpora. The study is based on the assumption that disciplinary conventions affect the choice of rhetorical strategies. The study draws on a corpus of 180 research article abstracts published in 12 soft and hard science journals. The theoretical basis of the study is the taxonomy of metadiscourse markers proposed by Hyland. The findings showed that soft science authors used boosting markers much less frequently than their hard science counterparts. Differences were also revealed in terms of the types of boosting. The results of the analysis confirmed the assumption that boosting as a metadiscourse strategy is determined by disciplinary conventions. The results obtained can be used both by teachers of academic writing and academic writing course designers and become an avenue for further research into metadiscourse as an important rhetorical strategy.

Функционально-стилистическое своеобразие нормативного речевого жанра Schulordnung der Grundschule (на материале немецкого языка)

In the article the normative speech genre Schulordnung der Grundschule (Internal Regulations for Primary School Students) is considered on the material of the German language in the aspect of the functional and stylistic approach. The hypothesis is tested that the functional and stylistic peculiarity of the genre is the result of the interaction of formal and business style and the colloquial one, which act as the environment for the functioning of the genre and the texts actualizing it in the situation of institutional communication of adult norm-senders and children norm-recipients. The empirical material is represented by 100 text units created in accordance with the genre, the main purpose of which is to regulate the behavior of young schoolchildren while they remain in the educational institution. On the example of three stylistic features of formal and business speech – impersonality, non-emotionality and accuracy – it is shown how multi-level language means of colloquial style penetrating the normative texts violates their stylistic homogeneity, modifies stylistic features, and forms the inter-style nature of texts, reflecting the intention of addressees to take into account the cognitive and psychological characteristics of the younger subjects of the norm in the process of decoding normative messages by them. It is concluded that the genre of Schulordnung der Grundschule, as a way of selecting and combining linguistic means, shows openness towards different style inclusions, giving the addressees the opportunity to freely vary the linguistic means at their discretion in accordance with the ideas of the pragmatic effectiveness of the statement.

The Linguistic and Grammatical Foundations for Understanding Prophetic Hadith Texts: Proposed Strategies and Mechanisms/ الأسس اللغوية والنحوية لفهم نصوص الحديث النبوي: استراتيجيات وآليات مقترحة

The Prophetic Texts (Hadith) is the second source of Islamic legislation. It provides detailed explanations of what is mentioned in the Quran, clarifies ambiguous matters, specifies general statements, and restricts absolute statements. Anyone who engages in the explanation of the Prophetic Tradition must possess linguistic knowledge, as it plays a significant role for the scholar of Hadith, the interpreter, the jurist, and the scholar of Islamic principles. Understanding the secrets of language and the methods used by Arabs in their speech helps in comprehending the intended meaning of the Prophet's words, peace be upon him. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework and proposed strategies and mechanisms for understanding the Prophetic Tradition based on linguistic knowledge. It also aims to demonstrate the role of the objectives of Arabic grammar in understanding the Prophetic Tradition, as well as to introduce modern grammatical theories and their role in understanding the Prophetic Tradition. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and its findings indicate that understanding the objectives of Arabic grammar assists in comprehending many problematic aspects found in some narrations. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of the external context of a hadith leads to misconceptions, and the theory of textual grammar contributes to understanding the meanings of the Prophetic Tradition. The indirect style in language also aids in identifying the purpose and intent of the Prophetic Tradition. The researchers recommend the necessity of conducting serious linguistic studies on linguistic expression and meaning, examining their characteristics and roles in elucidating the legal objectives of the Prophetic text, as they are essential in deducing juristic rulings.