Meaningful Research Articles

ARGUMENTATIVE SUPERSTRUCTURE COMPONENT OF POPULAR SCIENCE SPEECHES

The article focuses on the argumentative superstructure component of popular science speeches. It includes three subcomponents (thesis, argument, demonstration). The thesis illustrates the position of the author of a popular science speech regarding the issue raised in the speech. The argument is a means of proving the statement. The demonstration is a means of explaining / clarifying the first two subcomponents. Thus, the function of the demonstration is to help the
 audience / listeners understand the full scope of the information contained in the thesis and argument. The palette of
 linguistic means marks the argumentative supercomponent and its subcomponents described in this article. Understanding superstructure generation mechanisms is necessary for translation & interpreting students in particular to remember large amounts of information better when interpreting.

Особенности структуры и языковой реализации категориальной ситуации необходимости в немецкоязычных инструктивных текстах со специфическим субъектом действия – животным

The research aim is to identify the specific structure of the modal categorial situation of necessity and the peculiarities of linguistic means usage to represent it in German-language instructional texts featuring a specific subject – an animal. Within the framework of the categorial situation concept, the modal value of necessity is examined, and the structural features of the necessity categorial situation in the analyzed texts are characterized. The linguistic means used in the German language to express it were highlighted, and the specifics of their usage for different models of necessity situations were described and analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to model the categorial situation of necessity and define the linguistic features of these models in instructional texts in the German language – manuals on care and upbringing of animals, where subjects include not only humans but also animals. Two structural models with different types of action subject were identified, where the determination of necessity and the level of obligatoriness influence the choice of linguistic means to express modal necessity in the studied German texts.

Особенности реализации стратегий косвенной вежливости в рамках коммуникативных стратегий политического медиадискурса (на материале выступления М. Зедера в ток-шоу «Маркус Ланц»)

The article is dedicated to describing the features of implementing the category of indirect politeness in the speech of the German politician Markus Söder. The research objective is to identify the linguistic means of expressing indirect politeness within the framework of communicative strategies and tactics in the political discourse of the German language. The study describes the linguistic means of implementing indirect politeness in political discourse, specifically in political talk shows. The scientific novelty of the research is linked to the continuous development of political discourse, where the specificity of impoliteness under the mask of politeness within the framework of political media discourse is identified for the first time using previously unexplored material in the German language. The research results revealed that all three types of communicative strategies influencing political positioning are almost equally present in the politician's speech. Strategies of indirect politeness were also identified, with the most frequent being the strategies of using tautology and changing the addressee. These results indicate that despite the confrontational nature of political discourse, the politician is still able to maintain politeness, which explains his popularity among voters.

Concept of «Mystery» and its Realization in the Works of J. Lippard and N. Buntline

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic means expressing the concept of «mystery» in the fictional works of J. Lippard and N. Buntline, the allocation of its socio-cultural component and the field model construction of lexical units representing this concept. The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern linguistics in the study of the conceptual sphere of artistic works of the «urban mysteries» genre by American authors.Methodology and sources. The study was conducted within the framework of a linguistic and cultural approach using methods of description, comparison, interpretative analysis, conceptual analysis, the method of dictionary definitions analyzing, structural and semantic analysis, and the method of quantitative calculations. The illustrative material of the study consisted of more than 74 lexical units representing the «mystery» concept in the language, 45 of which were found in the analyzed works. The material was obtained by the method of directed sampling from the fictional works of American authors of the 19th century.Results and discussion. This article discusses and analyzes various interpretations of the concept of «mystery» by domestic and foreign scientists; defines the role of the concept in the work of fiction as a whole and in the analyzed novels of two authors J. lippard and N. Buntline; identifies the features of the linguistic implementation of the «mystery» concept; classifies the linguistic units of the concept according to their parts of speech, semantics and stylistic coloring; analyzes the writers’ linguistic pictures of the world and the conceptual sphere of their works, the illustrative zone of which reveals the reasons for the similarity not only of the storylines of the works, but also of their lexical content.Conclusion. The study made it possible to describe and illustrate the individual style of American authors of the 19th century through a system of expressive means that correlates the inner world of the writer with the artistic reality, the artistic world of the text created by the «poetic» language. The mental world can be interpreted in cognitive terminology as an individual poetic conceptual sphere, or the conceptual system of the author, consisting of a conceptual, objective, associative, figurative and symbolic layer of the concept. The study showed that the learning of the writer's linguistic picture of the world and the conceptual sphere of the work can be carried out using a field model, analyzing the LSF forming the «mystery» concept. The analyzed LSF is distinguished by a more specific vocabulary composition, the complication of the seme structure of words, the seme expansion and the restructuring of their hierarchy, which together form the artistic worldview of the authors.

THE LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE EMOTIVE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS” IN TWO OLONKHO TEXTS (“KHAN DZHARGYSTUY” AND “NURGUN BOTUR, THE SWIFT”) AS A CASE-STUDY

The article provides a content analysis of the emotive concept of “„happiness””and its linguistic representation in the Olonkho texts titled “Khan Dzhargystuy” and “Nurgun Botur the Swift”. The aim of the study is to define the linguistic expressive means representing the concept of “„happiness””in the Olonkhonarratives. The following linguistic expressive means were identified as a result of the research: lexical means in the semantic field of “„happiness”” (yuor-kot‘to be filled with joy, to cheer’; kul-oyno ‘to be happy, to rejoice’; korulae‘to rejoice, to fool around’); figurative lexical means (ymay ‘to sneer’; yrdzhay ‘fleer’; muchuy ‘to smile timidly’); interjections (Uruy!Akhal! Ieheybin); and formulaic constructions (all-round “happiness”, a kiss after a long-time partition). It is worth mentioning the conceptual metaphors, which represent a comparison of a specific situation to another concept recognizable by the recipient of the metaphorical idea. Thus, in the Olonkho texts, the “happiness” concept is represented using a pattern of “clapping one’s hands together”, a descriptive feature typical for depicting the Lower World representatives. It can be concluded that the representation of “happiness” in the analyzed texts is hyperbolic, purposefully exaggerated, and effective in producing an emotional and evaluative effect. It also demonstrates the hierarchic relationships within the folk-epic world and the belonging to a specific group.

On the nature of action-sentence compatibility effects.

Strong versions of the embodied account of language processing propose that comprehension depends on the mental simulation of sensorimotor experiences conveyed by linguistic meaning. Primary support in favor of this view is based on demonstrations of processing advantages for compatibility between an action implied by sentence content and concurrent sensorimotor processing. Although these effects have been reported across a variety of contexts, various attempts to reproduce these results, both through direct replication and conceptual extension, have not been successful. We present a series of experiments that examine the viability of previous methods used to obtain compatibility effects and the validity of the typical interpretation of such effects as evidence for mental simulation of described actions. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that compatibility between sentence content and sensorimotor processing does not produce robust compatibility effects. Further, our findings suggest the data obtained from some studies that have been successful in generating compatibility effects can be accounted for without appealing to the notion that these effects are due to the simulation of actions implied by the meaning of a sentence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

«Очевидно, что …»: бустинг как стратегия экспликации уверенности автора в достоверности пропозиции (корпусный анализ жанра «аннотация к научной статье»)

The article analyzes linguistic means used for boosting which is considered a crucial metadiscourse strategy regularly employed in the genre of research article abstracts. The study aims at identifying the types of booster and the frequency of occurrence of boosting markers in Russian-language research article abstracts in the field of soft and hard sciences. The study makes an attempt to reveal differences in the use of these metadiscourse patterns and suggest reasons for the uneven distribution of boosters in the two corpora. The study is based on the assumption that disciplinary conventions affect the choice of rhetorical strategies. The study draws on a corpus of 180 research article abstracts published in 12 soft and hard science journals. The theoretical basis of the study is the taxonomy of metadiscourse markers proposed by Hyland. The findings showed that soft science authors used boosting markers much less frequently than their hard science counterparts. Differences were also revealed in terms of the types of boosting. The results of the analysis confirmed the assumption that boosting as a metadiscourse strategy is determined by disciplinary conventions. The results obtained can be used both by teachers of academic writing and academic writing course designers and become an avenue for further research into metadiscourse as an important rhetorical strategy.

Функционально-стилистическое своеобразие нормативного речевого жанра Schulordnung der Grundschule (на материале немецкого языка)

In the article the normative speech genre Schulordnung der Grundschule (Internal Regulations for Primary School Students) is considered on the material of the German language in the aspect of the functional and stylistic approach. The hypothesis is tested that the functional and stylistic peculiarity of the genre is the result of the interaction of formal and business style and the colloquial one, which act as the environment for the functioning of the genre and the texts actualizing it in the situation of institutional communication of adult norm-senders and children norm-recipients. The empirical material is represented by 100 text units created in accordance with the genre, the main purpose of which is to regulate the behavior of young schoolchildren while they remain in the educational institution. On the example of three stylistic features of formal and business speech – impersonality, non-emotionality and accuracy – it is shown how multi-level language means of colloquial style penetrating the normative texts violates their stylistic homogeneity, modifies stylistic features, and forms the inter-style nature of texts, reflecting the intention of addressees to take into account the cognitive and psychological characteristics of the younger subjects of the norm in the process of decoding normative messages by them. It is concluded that the genre of Schulordnung der Grundschule, as a way of selecting and combining linguistic means, shows openness towards different style inclusions, giving the addressees the opportunity to freely vary the linguistic means at their discretion in accordance with the ideas of the pragmatic effectiveness of the statement.

The Linguistic and Grammatical Foundations for Understanding Prophetic Hadith Texts: Proposed Strategies and Mechanisms/ الأسس اللغوية والنحوية لفهم نصوص الحديث النبوي: استراتيجيات وآليات مقترحة

The Prophetic Texts (Hadith) is the second source of Islamic legislation. It provides detailed explanations of what is mentioned in the Quran, clarifies ambiguous matters, specifies general statements, and restricts absolute statements. Anyone who engages in the explanation of the Prophetic Tradition must possess linguistic knowledge, as it plays a significant role for the scholar of Hadith, the interpreter, the jurist, and the scholar of Islamic principles. Understanding the secrets of language and the methods used by Arabs in their speech helps in comprehending the intended meaning of the Prophet's words, peace be upon him. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework and proposed strategies and mechanisms for understanding the Prophetic Tradition based on linguistic knowledge. It also aims to demonstrate the role of the objectives of Arabic grammar in understanding the Prophetic Tradition, as well as to introduce modern grammatical theories and their role in understanding the Prophetic Tradition. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and its findings indicate that understanding the objectives of Arabic grammar assists in comprehending many problematic aspects found in some narrations. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of the external context of a hadith leads to misconceptions, and the theory of textual grammar contributes to understanding the meanings of the Prophetic Tradition. The indirect style in language also aids in identifying the purpose and intent of the Prophetic Tradition. The researchers recommend the necessity of conducting serious linguistic studies on linguistic expression and meaning, examining their characteristics and roles in elucidating the legal objectives of the Prophetic text, as they are essential in deducing juristic rulings.

Eventive modal projection: the case of Spanish subjunctive relative clauses.

How do modal expressions determine which possibilities they range over? According to the Modal Anchor Hypothesis (Kratzer in The language-cognition interface: Actes du 19e congrès international des linguistes, Libraire Droz, Genève, 179-199, 2013), modal expressions determine their domain of quantification from particulars (events, situations, or individuals). This paper presents novel evidence for this hypothesis, focusing on a class of Spanish relative clauses that host verbs inflected in the subjunctive. Subjunctive in Romance is standardly taken to be licensed only in a subset of intensional contexts. However, in our relative clauses, subjunctive is exceptionally licensed in extensional contexts. At the same time, the interpretation of these relative clauses still involves modality, a type of modality that targets the goals of the agent of the main event. We argue that the pattern displayed by these relative clauses follows straightforwardly if subjunctive is associated with a modal operator that, like modal indefinites (Alonso-Ovalle and Menéndez-Benito in Journal of Semantics 35(1):1-41, 2017), can project its domain from a volitional event. Overall, our proposal supports the event-based analysis of mood (Kratzer in Evidential mood in attitude and speech reports. Talk delivered at the 1st Syncart Workshop, Siena, July 13, 2016; Portner and Rubinstein in Natural Language Semantics 28:343-393, 2020) and extends its application beyond attitudinal and modal complements.

Специфика использования местоимений в татароязычных и англоязычных рекламных слоганах

The aim of the study is to determine the functional capabilities of pronouns that contribute to the realization of a pragmatic task in Tatar-language and English-language advertising slogans. The paper considers two categories, i.e., the first- and second-person personal and possessive pronouns, since they are used to denote a specific addressee of advertising and the manufacturer of goods or services. The study is novel in that it is the first to consider the specifics of using pronouns in advertising slogans with pragmatic potential in a comparative aspect, which will make it possible to identify and systematize differences and similarities in the use of linguistic means in the context of advertising in languages with different structures. As a result of the study, it was found that pronouns in advertising texts perform several functions: targeting a specific addressee, indicating the source of the advertising message, establishing links between the consumer and the manufacturer of advertising products. At the same time, in Tatar advertising slogans, the socio-expressive function of the pronouns ‘син’ (singular ‘you’) and ‘сез’ (plural ‘you’) is easily determined, while in English the absence of the singular ‘you’ / plural ‘you’ difference is not an indicator of formality or informality.

Transformation of Stylistic Devices in the Prose of Ernest Hemingway during Their Translation into Russian and Uzbek

Abstract: 
 This article examines the main linguistic means preferred by the outstanding American modernist writer of the 20th century, Ernest Hemingway. Special attention is given to the analysis of the stylistic devices he uses and the methods through which these devices are translated into Russian and Uzbek. The article provides numerous examples from the original and translated stories of E. Hemingway into Russian and Uzbek.

أثرُ المجاز في تشكيل المصطلح النحوي ] رسالة الحـدود النحويـة لابـن الجبراني ( ت 628هـ ) مثالاً [

تُعدُّ المصطلحات نواة أساسية في كل علم من العلوم ، وهي المعبِّر الصادق عن تطور العلوم واستقلالها واستقرارها، وقد سلك النحو العربي مسالك عدة في سبيل تحصيل مصطلحاته. فكان أن أفاد من الموروث اللغوي بجعله مرتكزاً مهماً في تشكيل مصطلحاته، وكان المجاز في مقدمة هذه المرتكزات، وهو عنصر فعّال في تحقيق التطور الدلالي للفظة، إذ تستعين به اللغة في تطوير ذاتها من ذاتها لتكون قادرة على مواكبة وقع الحياة المتنامي، فجاء هذا البحث ليسلّط الضوء على أحد مصادر تشكيل المصطلح النحوي – ولعله أهمها – وهو المجاز، الذي بواسطته تنتقل اللفظة من معناها القديم إلى معنى جديد يكتسب صفة الاصطلاح ويتخصص به، في منهج قوامه عرض المعنى اللغوي للفظة ثم المعنى الاصطلاحي والبحث عن وجوه التشابه والتقارب بين المعنيين

Features of Oxymorons in the Art World of Ashim Dzhakypbekov

An article analyzes the actual problems of language profiling, which is currently one of the most important studies of both the Kyrgyz language and Kyrgyz literature. The role of language, which is the main medium of communication, reviving artistic work, creating imagery, beauty, and expressiveness of speech, has been determined. It has been noted that it is poets and writers who use language in different ways to create a stylistic effect, and the main task of linguistics is to learn the language and style of writers. The most important object of research in linguistics is oxymoron. The article conducts a scientific and theoretical analysis of oxymoron. Oxymoron is regarded as a syntactic technique, formed based on an unusual combination of opposing concepts, as a peculiar figure of speech, created by a combination of words with opposite meanings. It is noted that now the oxymoron is used as a language norm in colloquial speech, journalism, in artistic works, that a person’s worldview, his ability to think, and imagination are expressed through speech activity with the help of language. As the examples show, on the one hand, if the oxymoron as the object of study is not subjected to extensive research, it is impossible to determine the nature and detail of speech. On the other hand, the author’s personal style, originality, and writing character are fully disclosed only when a high level of stylistic analysis of the work is carried out. In the example of the works of Ashim Dzhakypbekov, linguistic data on the internal structure of texts and themes of oxymorons are given. The oxymorons in the artistic world of the greatest master of the word, creatively using the wealth of the Kyrgyz language, have been deeply analyzed. The specificity of oxymorons in the work of Ashim Dzhakypbekov is considered together with the plot of the works. Text materials have been analyzed to determine the vocabulary richness of the Kyrgyz language, the importance and possibilities of linguistic means of expressiveness, the comprehensiveness of perception of reality with the help of expressions consisting of two contradictory words or phrases, and their impact on perception.

The Sociopragmatic Aspects of Literary Discourse

This abstract is intended as an overview of the sociopragmatic aspects that influence artistic discourse. The paper examines the relationship between language, culture, and society in the context of literary creation. The literature review focuses on research in linguistics, literary studies, and sociology to identify the influence of sociopragmatic factors on artistic discourse. Various phenomena such as the use of different linguistic means to convey sociocultural norms, images, and stereotypes, the influence of characters’ social status on their linguistic behavior, and the specificity of the dialogic nature of a literary text are analyzed. The work also involves a review of methodological approaches to the analysis of sociopragmatics in fiction, as well as a critical reflection on the results obtained and possible directions for further research in this field. The abstract has been prepared with the aim of presenting the importance of studying sociopragmatic aspects in the context of fiction discourse and identifying.

An integrated group decision-making framework for evaluating the urban fire emergency management capability based on PDHLWPHM and PDHLWPGHM operator

Urban fire accident is a common dangerous accident in urban sudden accidents, which threatens the safety of people’s lives and property. For this reason, in recent years, all cities have incorporated the prevention and emergency management of urban fire accidents into their urban development planning, and actively improved their fire accident emergency management capabilities. However, how to evaluate the urban fire accident emergency management capacity of each city to ensure that people’s lives and property are protected to the greatest extent is an urgent problem to be considered and solved. Therefore, this paper defines a class of probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic Heronian mean (PDHLHM) operator, probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic Power Heronian mean (PDHLPHM) operators, and their dual operators that can reflect the relationship between two attributes during aggregation. Taking urban fire accident risk monitoring and early warning capability, fire infrastructure and communication system, fire-fighting and rescue capability, recovery and reconstruction capability as evaluation attributes, the probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic weight Power Heronian mean (PDHLWPHM) operator model and the probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic weight Power geometric Heronian mean (PDHLWPGHM) operator model are constructed for group decision-making. In addition, the idempotence, boundedness and monotonicity of these operators are studied, and the sensitivity of the parameters involved in the operator model is analyzed. Finally, the new model proposed in this paper is compared with the existing model to verify its scientificity.

Challenges and Risks of (In)Adequate Linguistic Structures in Reporting on Suffering in Israel, Palestine, and Ukraine – The Case of bild.de

This paper is the result of monitoring articles from online media in the German language on current topics. Given that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is currently the central topic of every world media, a linguistic analysis of the texts on the mentioned topic is carried out, from 07. 10, 2023, when the horrific murders of Izreal citizens took place, until 12/22, 2023. years. The focus is on the analysis and comparison of linguistic means used to describe suffering civilian, treating in more detail their morphological, semantic, and stylistic features. The results of the research show whether adequate language expressions and structures are used in reporting on the war casualties of civilians in Israel, Gaza, and Ukraine, where the focus is on being civilians in Israel and Gaza. All examples are taken from the German portal bild.de, considering that it is about the most read portal in Germany.

Understanding Consubstantial Linguistic Terms by Russian Native Speakers

The purpose of this article is to look at how Russian native speakers understand consubstantial linguistic terms. An experimental study was conducted with the participation of 54 respondents engaged in different fields of activities and with different educational backgrounds. All the respondents are Russian native speakers. The questionnaire designed for the experiment contained questions that tested the respondents’ understanding of 13 consubstantial terms. The study shows both similarities and differences in the respondents’ understanding of them. Respondents related to different fields of activities and education have a similar potential for understanding the everyday meaning of the terms. Knowledge in linguistics predictably leads to much better understanding and distinction of the linguistic meanings of the terms. Semantic relations between linguistic and everyday meanings significantly affect the identification of linguistic meanings, in particular, the relations of inclusion, overlapping, coincidence of linguistic and everyday meanings have a positive effect on understanding. Russian speakers use different approaches to interpret the terms (semantic, syntactic and pragmatic approaches). The experiment makes it possible to outline the directions for optimizing the procedure of examining recognition of term phrases by the native speakers in subsequent experiments. In the future, further development of this study can be a theoretical and practical basis for creating a dictionary of consubstantial linguistic terms and a system for their automatic identification, which is relevant to several tasks in the field of automatic text processing.

The emotional dimension of language propaganda in Polish children's songs

The aim of this article is to show the results of the pedagogical qualitative research on the emotional dimension of language propaganda in Polish children's songs. As a text of culture, children's songs are both carriers and transmitters of the linguistic image of the world, and for this reason they can possibly serve as a tool for linguistic and ideological manipulation. By applying the method of a qualitative discourse analysis, the author has studied 136 contemporary music pieces, paying attention both on their text and melodic layers. The gathered data revealed that many of the analysed songs contain words, phrases and other linguistic means typical for propaganda text. The characteristic of such texts developed by various researchers was used to distinguish the features of language and melody that could indicate the manipulative nature of the message transmitted by the songs. / Keywords: children’s songs, linguistic worldview, language propaganda

Conveyance of feature gradation semantics in modern Turkish

The aim of the article is to study the Turkish adjective from the point of view of a complex and systematic description of the means that serve to indicate the semantics of feature gradation. Having analyzed the works of Ukrainian Turkologists and representatives of various grammar schools in Turkey and in European countries, which focus on the adjective, we determined that most of them study certain features of the adjective structure or functioning in modern Turkish. Besides, means of denoting the feature manifestation intensity, particularly those having diminutive semantics, especially word-forming affixes that realize this meaning, also became the subject of the scientists’ research. At the same time, we did not record any work that deals with a holisticdescription of linguistic (grammatical, word-forming) means as a system that serves to denote the semantics of feature gradation, which determines the relevance of our research. In the present work, we set the task to carry out such a systematic description of these means and determine the features of their interaction within this system. Along with this, the paper discusses the general problems of qualification of the adjective as part of speech in the Turkish language and differentiation of its lexical and semantic classes. Within the framework of the study, we offer the description of the degrees of comparison of adjectives, the intensive adjective forms, the polyfunctional affix -ca/-ce, the word-forming affixes with diminutive and augmentative semantics as well as the pair words (lexical repetitions) and syntactic models of the implementation of feature gradation semantics. The methodological prerequisite of the study is the functional and semantic approach.