Linguistic Grounds Research Articles

The words of the Holy Quran and their renewed meanings: A study of the new meaning of Kafir in Q.S A'raf and al-Ahzab

This study emerges from the need to understand semantic shifts in the Qur’an more comprehensively, particularly for the terms “kāfir” and “qāʾil,” which have often been interpreted in a one-dimensional manner by classical exegetes. The main objective is to explore the linguistic foundations and socio-religious contexts that shape the expanded meanings of these words and to illustrate their implications for contemporary Qur’anic exegesis. The methodology involves linguistic analysis, reference to classical and modern lexicons, and contextual inquiries grounded in tafsīr literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively by integrating historical, social, and scientific perspectives. The main results show that “qāʾil,” commonly understood as “one who speaks,” may also refer to “rest or activity at midday,” while “kāfir” implies not merely “rejecting the truth” but also “covering up an already inherent truth” embedded in human fiṭrah (innate nature). These semantic developments pave the way for a richer and more responsive understanding of the Qur’an, resonating with current scholarly discourse. In terms of contribution, this research proposes an integrative “textual-contextual” approach that highlights semantic, historical, and scientific elements. Such a framework can enrich scholars’ efforts in interpreting Qur’anic verses and relating them to social realities and advances in knowledge. In conclusion, the expanded meanings of these two terms affirm that Qur’anic interpretation is dynamic. By considering linguistic, historical, and modern contexts, this study offers fresh insights that bring the Qur’an closer to contemporary understanding, without dismissing the enduring value of classical tafsīr.

Scientific foundations of gender linguistics in kazakhstan

Scientific foundations of gender linguistics in kazakhstan

English language as a cognitive tool for learning philosophy: A comparative analysis from Moroccan higher education

This study explores the intricate relationship between language and cognition, concentrating on how linguistic competence affects philosophical knowledge acquisition. The study, which was carried out at Cadi Ayyad University, examines the learning results of two different groups of college students who are all fluent in English as a second language: final-year English Studies students and Philosophy Studies students. Determining if a linguistic foundation facilitates a quicker and more profound comprehension of philosophical notions in comparison to a philosophical background devoid of advanced language instruction is the main goal. The results show that students who had a strong background in English Studies were more accurate and efficient at understanding abstract philosophical concepts than their Philosophy Studies counterparts. This result emphasizes how important language is as a tool for communication as well as a possible container of thinking that shapes and facilitates cognitive processes. The work also tackles the age-old philosophical query of whether knowledge can be conceptualized and comprehended apart from language structures. These observations have important ramifications for multidisciplinary education, especially in higher education in Morocco. The research promotes creative instructional approaches that cross disciplines, foster critical thinking, and aid in students' holistic development by highlighting the advantages of combining language and philosophical training.

Anniversary Seminar “The Creative Heritage of M.V. Lomonosov in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language”

October 16, 2024, the Department of Didactic Linguistics and Theory of Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language of the Philological Faculty of Lomonosov Mos­ cow State University held an anniversary seminar “The Creative Heritage of M.V. Lo­ monosov in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language”, dedicated to the 270 th anniver­ sary of Moscow University. The reports presented at the seminar discussed the ideas of M.V. Lomonosov, relevant for the development of linguistic foundations and methods of teaching Russian to a foreign language audience, and also presented the results of research in the development of these ideas.

Alphabet Reform in Kazakhstan: History and Linguistic Foundations

Alphabet Reform in Kazakhstan: History and Linguistic Foundations

ВИВЧЕННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ЯК МІЖДЕРЖАВНОЇ МОВИ У XVIII–XIX СТОЛІТТЯХ

The article presents the analysis of the geopolitical prerequisites for the development of English as a language of interstate communication, starting from the 18th to the middle of the 19th centuries. The goals and methods of its study by various peoples of the world, depending on the geopolitical, economic and educational levels of the states’ development and the needs of people in international contacts, have been studied. The priority of the educational goal of teaching foreign languages has been proven, and therefore the use of grammar-and-translation and lexical-and-translation teaching methods to achieve its implementation have been described. The study and the analysis of the historical events that took place in the XVIII– XIX centuries in most countries of Western Europe have been conducted. The characteristics of these teaching methods have been provided; their principles, advantages and disadvantages have been determined, as well as the signifi cance of their understanding for the improvement of modern foreign language technologies. The analysis of this historical period showed that: 1) the geopolitical prerequisites for the use of English as the language of interstate communication in the 18th century were the following: the development of the English fl eet as one of the most powerful in the world with a highly developed military and technical base and the largest trade and economic network, which caused the possession of the vast majority of sea routes by the British; 2) the fi rst offi cial method of teaching English was the grammar-and-translation method, which meant the realization of the educational goal through the awareness of the grammatical structure of the language in order to understand the content of the authentic texts and the ability to translate them into the native language; 3) the second offi cial method of teaching English was the lexical-and-translation method, which also meant the realization of the educational goal but on the basis of lexical knowledge, not a grammar one. The vocabulary was considered the main meaningful unit of speech. The speech was trained by reading authentic texts, their literary translation into the native language, and oral reproduction of their content. Both of these methods provided awareness of the linguistic foundations of the English language but did not contribute to the implementation of its communicative function. The study of these methods strengthens the signifi cance of the conscious, but exclusively practical mastery of linguistic phenomena for the achievement of normative foreign language communication. Key words: the English language, language of interstate communication, grammar-and-translation method, lexical-and-translation method, XVIII–XIX centuries.

Transactional development of science and mathematics knowledge and reading proficiency for multilingual students across languages of instruction.

This longitudinal study explored the reciprocal relations between students' domain-specific knowledge (science and mathematics) and reading proficiency from kindergarten to Grade 5. We compared these relational trajectories across both domains in the overall sample and examined the domain specificity of these relations within a multilingual subsample with varying language instruction backgrounds. Using latent curve modeling with structured residuals on a nationally representative data set, we identified two key patterns. In the overall sample, higher reading proficiency at kindergarten was associated with greater growth in science and mathematics knowledge, with a particularly pronounced effect in science. The predictive power of science knowledge on reading proficiency strengthened significantly from Grades 2 to 5, while reciprocal relations in mathematics intensified over time. For multilingual students, outcomes varied by the language of instruction. Those receiving English-only instruction showed early correlations between science and mathematics knowledge and reading proficiency; however, initial science and mathematics knowledge did not predict long-term growth in reading proficiency. Conversely, multilingual students who received instruction in their native language showed no immediate correlations at kindergarten. Nonetheless, their early science and mathematics knowledge significantly predicted later growth in reading proficiency. The findings underscore the critical role of native-language instruction in providing an accessible, vital cognitive and linguistic foundation that supports deeper domain knowledge building, highlighting the enduring benefits of native-language scaffolding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The impact of trade liberalization on China–ASEAN trade relations along the belt and road: An augmented gravity model analysis

While trade liberalization has become increasingly important in global economic integration, little is known about its specific impact on China–ASEAN bilateral trade relations within the Belt and Road Initiative framework, particularly regarding cultural factors. This study addresses this gap by examining how trade liberalization affects bilateral trade dynamics between China and ASEAN nations, with special attention to linguistic and religious proximity as potential moderators. Using an augmented gravity model and panel data from 2012 to 2022, we find that increased trade liberalization significantly enhances bilateral trade volumes, with stronger effects in export trade compared to imports. Moreover, shared linguistic foundations and religious beliefs amplify these positive effects, particularly in ASEAN countries with lower economic development levels. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen regional economic integration and optimize trade cooperation strategies along the Belt and Road.

Linguistic Basics of the Formation of Students’ Pragmatic Competence

This article discusses the linguistic foundations of the formation of pragmatic competence of students. A review of the history of the formation and study of the term “pragmatic competence” is provided. Similar and related terms with this term are also analyzed, as well as the views and conclusions of domestic and foreign linguists, methodologists, and scholars. To develop a methodology for the formation of pragmatic competence of students, it is crucial to find out its theoretical and methodological foundations; therefore the purpose of this article is to identify the linguistic features of this issue. It is known that the indicator of the personal quality of schoolchildren is equivalent to the indicator of their socialization. The totality of the knowledge, skills, and abilities formed in a child will have a significant influence on their correct and appropriate socialization within their environment in the future. The existence of a close relationship between linguistic, communicative, and pragmatic competencies requires the use of complex methods in solving their common tasks. The study found that the concept of competence has been studied from different perspectives. The main characteristics and indicators of pragmatic competence are established, as well as the concepts of their manifestations in the language environment are presented. The influence of new trends in the field of linguistics on the formation of pragmatic competence is also considered. Several methods that can be used when teaching the Kazakh language are examined. An attempt has been made to find language solutions that contribute to the development of pragmatic competence.

Eschatologia Iranica I: From Zoroastrian Cosmos to Abbasid Madīnat al-Salām: A Journey through Utopia and Heterotopia

The history of imperial dynasties in West Asia is replete with examples of remarkable urban foundations. Two notable instances are the Sasanian Ardašīr-xwarrah and the Abbasid Madīnat al-Salām, which can be classified as cosmic cities or heterotopias. This article examines the utopian foundations of these heterotopias. To this end, it analyzes four religious and imperial spaces: the representation of the earth and sky in the Zoroastrian cosmography, Yima’s Vara according to the Avestan texts, Ardašīr-xwarrah, and finally, Madīnat al-Salām. This investigation aims to ascertain the extent to which the spatial characteristics of each of these spaces have been utilized in the production of the subsequent architectural forms. Similarly, it examines the development of the cosmological and eschatological paradise in relation to the Achaemenian and Sasanian royal gardens. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Michael Foucault’s notion of heterotopia, which has been further developed by Henri Lefebvre’s theory of space. The conceptual metaphor theory offers a cognitive linguistic foundation for elucidating the projections of utopias and heterotopias onto one another. To this end, the article focuses on the conceptual metaphor GOD IS A KING.

Reinforcement of low-resource language translation with neural machine translation and backtranslation synergies

<p><span lang="EN-US">This research investigates challenges and advancements in neural machine translation (NMT), specifically targeting English-to-Kannada translation. Emphasizing the scarcity of data and linguistic complexity in low-resource languages (LRL), particularly Kannada, the study underscores the need for specialized techniques. Starting with exploration of Kannada's historical and cultural significance, the paper highlights critical importance of linguistic comprehension. The primary objective is to develop robust NMT models for precise and contextually relevant translations in low-resource scenarios. The novelty of this research lies in its innovative approach to Kannada NMT challenges, incorporating comprehensive examination of historical and cultural context to establish strong linguistic foundation. Motivated by the urgency to address translation needs in LRL, the paper proposes novel strategies, advocating notably for backtranslation to generate synthetic parallel corpora. Rigorous testing, including bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score assessments, evaluates effectiveness of these proposed approaches. Beyond assessing backtranslation, the study explores challenges faced by Kannada NMT in handling dialectical and spelling variations. The research reports substantial 83-percentage-point average increase in BLEU scores, contingent on aligning unique Kannada terms with the same domain as existing occurrences. This study contributes significantly to Kannada natural language processing by offering novel insights into NMT intricacies and providing practical solutions for enhancing translation accuracy in low-resource settings.</span></p>

A Comprehensive Guide to Corpus Linguistics: A Book Review of Corpora in Applied Linguistics

Corpora have emerged as a transformative tool in the field of linguistics, providing researchers with a robust, data-driven approach to understanding language use. By compiling large collections of texts-ranging from written documents to transcriptions of spoken language-corpus linguistics enables the analysis of authentic language in its natural context. Corpora in applied linguistics have revolutionized the study of language by providing a data-driven approach to understanding linguistic phenomena. By analyzing large collections of naturally occurring texts, researchers can uncover patterns, frequencies, and contextual usages that are not easily identifiable through traditional methods. This approach has not only enhanced the theoretical foundations of linguistics but has also offered practical applications in fields such as language teaching, discourse analysis, and translation studies. As highlighted by Hunston (2002), McEnery and Hardie (2011), and Biber, Conrad, and Reppen (1998), the integration of corpus methodologies into linguistic research has not only deepened theoretical insights but also provided practical tools for educators and researchers alike. Susan Hunston's "Corpora in Applied Linguistics," now in its second edition, serves as a comprehensive guide to these methodologies, reflecting the advancements in the field over the past two decades. This review aims to provide an in-depth evaluation of Hunston's work, highlighting its significance, distinct features, and contributions to the field of applied linguistics.

Unsettling lingua franca through translation: Solidarity in migrant cities

Migrational cities are inherently cosmopolitan and translational. In such cities, language is no doubt one of the most difficult barriers for migrants, who are often identified because they speak Englishesrather than English—not only when they donotknow the language of their new “homeland” but also, perhaps even worse, at that stage when they are supposed to have learned it.Many of them never manage to speak the dominant language “well”; they are deemed to speak “weirdly” in terms of both grammar and accent. In this context, translation has much to say. Translation operates within a politics of language. Being translational does not necessarily mean finding common linguistic grounds—or lingua franca, conventionally defined as stable and neutral languages that bridge incommensurable cultures. This paper examines whetherlingua franca can instead be conceived of as being built on uncommon and unsettled grounds, more specifically as temporary, ever-shifting registers borne out of the conference of diverse tongues in particular time-spaces. Translationis understoodas a way to creolize the lingua franca to forge a language that is native to no one and thus potentially available to everyone. This redefinition of lingua franca can lead to a new understanding of solidarity in multilingual cities by advocating for a translationthat highlights rather than smooths over difference.

MUSA ADİLOVUN TƏDQİQATLARINDA NƏZƏRİ DİLÇİLİYİN METODOLOJİ ƏSASLARI

Methodological Foundations of Theoretical Linguistics in Studies of Musa Adilov Summary As a result of the conducted research, we can see that Musa Adilov was a linguist-scientist with invaluable services in the study of theoretical linguistics. He started his research on general linguistics with the oldest history of the language and brought a number of scientific innovations to the language. The author's scientific articles published in the book "Linguistic Problems" are considered to be successful linguistic materials, both linguistically and methodologically. In the book, various concepts existing in the language are presented to the readers together with the scientific experience of the author. These materials are also considered important examples in the development of various fields of linguistics. Key words: Musa Adilov, theoretical linguistics, language, general linguistics, linguistic problems

Electronic Dictionary System of Terminology for School Textbooks with Speech Synthesis Function

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project. The article introduces an electronic dictionary allowing users to look up definitions of terms found in school textbooks. The system accommodates the age characteristics of students, providing a voice-guided interface for primary school students. Users include administrators, specialists with database access, and general users. The article details the algorithm for creating terminology, the user interface, and functionalities for guests, experts, and administrators. The proposed system facilitates equal access to education and aligns with inclusive educational environments.

Development of an electronic dictionary of terminology for school textbooks

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project, aimed at advancing the scientific and linguistic foundations of the Kazakh language and enhancing its role in interethnic communication through digital resources. Focusing on the urgent need for specialized digital terminological dictionaries for school subjects, the project addresses the limitations of existing resources, particularly for school students. The article discusses the criteria for inclusion in the terminological dictionary, emphasizing the significance, frequency, and thematic relevance of terms across various subjects. The project has undertaken the compilation of a comprehensive database covering key school subjects in the Kazakh language.

Development of the mobile application “Fascinating Onomastics” based on semantic base of knowledge

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project, is aimed at the need to develop the scientific and linguistic foundations of the Kazakh language with a special focus on anthroponymy. Through the use of descriptive and historical methods, the research creates a semantic knowledge base for Kazakh proper names. This extensive database forms the basis of the innovative mobile application "Fascinating Onomastics", developed using the Flutter 3.0 framework. The application serves as an innovative resource allowing users to study Kazakh anthroponymy with features such as name search, favorites and the ability to add new names. The study revealed about 100 properties that affect the structure of proper names, contributing to a deeper understanding of Kazakh onomastics. The technical and economic effectiveness of the application is highlighted by its potential to increase cultural awareness, promote cultural tourism and be used as an economically viable product. In addition, this study has a high scientific and technical status, offering an unprecedented contribution to the study of Kazakh onomastics and cultural heritage. The application "Fascinating Onomastics" with its rich semantic features and interface in the Kazakh language is becoming an important milestone in achieving scientific, cultural and educational goals.

The Intelligent System for Low Recourses Languages for Expanding Language Recourses

This research, funded under the BR11765535 “Development of Scientific and Linguistic Foundations and IT Resources to Expand the Functions and Improve the Culture of the Kazakh Language” project, is aimed at the need to develop the scientific and linguistic foundations of the Kazakh language with a special focus on anthroponymy. The "Akhmettanu" intelligent system, which includes digitized materials based on the scientific heritage of Akhmet Baitursynuly, consists of an ontological model of knowledge on the structural layers of the language, a Kazakh language user interface with the function of adding and correcting new digitized materials. Digitized materials based on the scientist's work "Language-Tool" include a new system of knowledge about the sound, word and sentence system of the language. The main aim of this system is to promote the scientific heritage of Akhmet Baitursynuly by promoting the further development of digitalized knowledge and information tools that affect the development of the Kazakh language.

Tibetan Sentence Boundaries Automatic Disambiguation Based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers on Byte Pair Encoding Word Cutting Method

Sentence Boundary Disambiguation (SBD) is crucial for building datasets for tasks such as machine translation, syntactic analysis, and semantic analysis. Currently, most automatic sentence segmentation in Tibetan adopts the methods of rule-based and statistical learning, as well as the combination of the two, which have high requirements on the corpus and the linguistic foundation of the researchers and are more costly to annotate manually. In this study, we explore Tibetan SBD using deep learning technology. Initially, we analyze Tibetan characteristics and various subword techniques, selecting Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) and Sentencepiece (SP) for text segmentation and training the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) pre-trained language model. Secondly, we studied the Tibetan SBD based on different BERT pre-trained language models, which mainly learns the ambiguity of the shad (“།”) in different positions in modern Tibetan texts and determines through the model whether the shad (“།”) in the texts has the function of segmenting sentences. Meanwhile, this study introduces four models, BERT-CNN, BERT-RNN, BERT-RCNN, and BERT-DPCNN, based on the BERT model for performance comparison. Finally, to verify the performance of the pre-trained language models on the SBD task, this study conducts SBD experiments on both the publicly available Tibetan pre-trained language model TiBERT and the multilingual pre-trained language model (Multi-BERT). The experimental results show that the F1 score of the BERT (BPE) model trained in this study reaches 95.32% on 465,669 Tibetan sentences, nearly five percentage points higher than BERT (SP) and Multi-BERT. The SBD method based on pre-trained language models in this study lays the foundation for establishing datasets for the later tasks of Tibetan pre-training, summary extraction, and machine translation.

The Influence Of Allusive Names On The Perception Of Artistic Text

Allusive names are the most common intertextual units in literary texts. When using allusive names, the author must take into account the reader factor and the audience. Because in any historical period, in one or another country, culture, individuals, religious, mythological, and literary heroes, with their distinctive characters, occupy a place in the linguistic foundation of language users, thus become allusions. Over time, they are formed in the form of stable lexical units, and the person who hears or reads them has associations with these names. The author, who is able to use this in harmony with his text, communicates indirectly with the reader. That is, the author communicates with the existing information in the mind of the reader. The function of allusion as an intertext is visible here. Allusion is actively used both in classical artistic and modern texts. In particular, this type of intertextuality is very active in Alisher Navoi’s works. In this article, we analyze the effect of allusion as an intertext on the meaningful perception of the text based on experimental materials.