Linguistic Deviation Research Articles

Because Tumblr-Internet-Speak: Four Assumptions of Discourse Analysis Within New Rules of the English Language

The literature has described linguistic deviations from the conventional use of English in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) as distinguishing aspects of language used on the Internet. (Page, Barton, Unger, Zappavigna, 2014) The purpose of this paper is to analyse the unique language patterns seen on Tumblr, a popular microblogging platform, and how these patterns fit into four assumptions of discourse analysis as described by Rodney H. Jones (2009). Using a textual analysis method on a corpus of 60 texts extracted from Tumblr, this paper shows how four assumptions of discourse analysis can be found in Tumblr posts. The four assumptions of discourse analysis are that language is ambiguous, it is always in the world, it is used to show belonging to social groups, and it is never used alone. The ambiguity of language is taken advantage of, and Tumblr users use this ambiguity as a way of creating new vocabulary. New terms on Tumblr are coined and used by different social groups to show their association or aversion to said groups. Furthermore, textual analysis shows how Tumblr users mostly use language such as contractions, abbreviated forms, and acronyms in their blogs, which indicates that the said language is always in the world - the context in which, when, and for what a language is used determines what it signifies. Lastly, the analysis shows that the language is never used all by itself: non-standard use of punctuation adds tone to the text, and it functions as a ranting tone that impersonates rhetorical speech.

LINGUISTIC DEVIATIONS OF SWARDSPEAK AND ITS IMPLICATION TO GAY STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

This study aimed to find out the implications of linguistic deviations of swardspeak to the language competencies of the gay students. This research also sought to determine the linguistic deviations in swardspeak used by the gay students; investigate the implications of the use of swardspeak to the language competencies of the students; and develop a sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations. The study made use of qualitative method of research wherein the researcher subjected 12 informants from Suba National High School through recording raw conversations of students using swardspeak. They are officially enrolled as secondary students for the school year 2019 to 2020. The linguistic deviation on the process of using swardspeak depends on the ability of the students. The significant role of creativity and linguistic capability may be developed and improved with frequent use of the language, implications on the use of the swardspeak provide identity for gay students, develop their self-expression, deliver exclusive space through concealment, and find comfort zone using their own language. The proposed sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations is ready for the initial implementation and assessment. The language students might be encouraged in using the language creatively and apply it in the learning process. Activities in terms of speaking can always be practiced in the language learning process to boost the confidence of the students in expressing their ideas. Familiarization of the linguistic deviation categories might be discussed to support the students improve their linguistic competence. Conduct follow up study with the use of swardspeak in a new phase was also recommended.

AFRICA IN RETROSPECT AND THE FUTURE: A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF DEVIATION AND PARALLELISM IN DIOP’S AFRICA

Attention of language scholars has been shifting from the structural pattern of language to language as a functional unit given the change of interest from the form of a language to its function. This study presents a stylistic analysis of a well-known poem by David Diop “Africa” and analyses the unique role that language plays in projecting the central theme of the poem. The poem Africa is one of the poems that laments the ill treatments that Africa suffered in the hands of its colonialists, but which quickly paints a picture of hope for the continent. The researchers used foregrounding both as a stylistic theory and a method to analyse the poem so as to investigate how linguistic deviations and parallel structures are employed to project the central theme of the poem. The study revealed that both linguistic deviations and parallel structures as well as figurative expressions abound in the poem. These linguistic tools have, in no doubt, contributed immensely to the projection of the overall meaning of the poem – Africa’s past glories, present predicaments of suffering and humiliation under colonialism and the future of hope and freedom embedded in Africa’s rebirth. The study concludes that language and literary works contribute in a unified manner to expose the rots in society and then project a future of hope.
 
 <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0876/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

لادانی زمانی له‌ نوکته‌ی کوردیدا نوکتەکانی ''نوکتەی شاخ'' بە نموونە

The study is under the title of ´´ Language Deviation in Kurdish Jokes (Nuktey şax as an instance) ´´, which attempts to analyze jokes, from its introduction and composition until discovering the reason of its effect that leaves on the receiver. This is due to the basis of concentration on composing compound words and adapting words, sounds as well as word order. The study assumes that the major characteristic feature of jokes is the deviation and transgression from the ordinary basis, whether it is logical or linguistic. This paper only concentrates on and examines the linguistic deviation. For this purpose, the study takes assistance bases and Grice theory as the measurement to discover the rate of linguistic deviations and how they occur through the two-sided basis in using denotative and connotative meaning and playing with words. The scope of the research work examines the jokes that derive from Kurdish culture and society. In addition, jokes from (Ȓştey mirwarî, Nuktey şax and Gepnamey mȇrguĺan) have been chosen to prove the linguistic deviations.

Lexical Variation in the Cairene Slum Vernacular and Its Impact on the Prestigious Variety

This variationist study attempts to provide an insightful profile of the slum vernacular of the Cairene dialect via formal and social analyses of some vocabulary, phrases, and expressions. It investigates how language varies among the slum speakers in Cairo and what are the social and linguistic roles that this variation plays. The corpus of this study has been attained through close observations, repertoire, and immediate communication with the slum speakers in Cairo. The formal analysis of this study concluded that this variation is often based on the linguistic deviation that poets, dramatists, and novelists use to be creative, inventive, or different. The correlation between the variation and the socioeconomic status of the slum speakers in Cairo is intriguing and suggests that the social setting plays a crucial role in shaping the speech in a given community. The study has revealed that variation in the Cairene dialect functions as an index of the social factors such as socioeconomic status and the area of residence that are distinctive to the Cairene slum communities and helps establish rapport among the slum speakers in Cairo. Moreover, many words and expressions of the Cairene slum vernacular in Cairo have diffused in the prestigious variety for social and linguistic reasons. The study has pointed out that the impact of the Cairene slum vernacular on the youth of the prestigious variety is patent. The two varieties are separably used in their talk and this gives the Cairene dialect a diglossic nature as they confine each variety for some specific uses.

Social Features of Language of the Characters in Eugene O'Neill's Play<i> "Long Day's Journey into Night"</i>

The social features of language refers to the variety usage of language by variety of people in different situations for different purposes. The model used for this purpose is used to show the deviation within language usage by different people. The present study tries to demonstrate the grammatical and phonological deviations in Eugene O'Neill's play Long Day's Journey into Night that help to classify O'Neill's play as a masterpiece in the field of literature. It explores the reasons for these deviations and how this reflects O'Neill's style and philosophy in showing class distinction in his play. To this end, this study will apply two kinds of these deviations (the most distinctive features of class-distinction) according to the theoretical framework proposed by Leech. This research will illustrate the different kinds of linguistic deviations. The previous researches and investigator on linguistic deviations particularly grammatical and phonological deviations concentrated on dramatic texts and discourses. The present study is delimited for the explanation of linguistic deviations into the play Long Day's Journey into Night written by Eugene O'Neill. The study is gained entrance to the qualitative style of investigation which is further particular for the content analysis into textual analysis. This study applies Leech's theory of linguistic deviations in 1969 as a theoretical framework for it. By applying a descriptive method, the data analysis had been executed and the data had been described into words. By doing that the reader will know the role of the write in his society and his contributions trying to reclaim all that diseases in his society at his age.

Linguistic Features of Limbu Mundhum

This article attempts to look into the kind of language employed in the Mundhum corpus that puts the intricacy to the Limbu natives. To analyze the linguistic aspect of the Mundhum, the study has applied linguistic devices/tools based especially on phonic feature to syntactic structure or pattern. This study, thus, is qualitative in nature and the non-numerical data were collected from the books, journals, articles and religious scripture. The analysis has revealed that the Kirat Limbu Mundhum corpus is a complicated ancient form of poetry believed to be the sacred religious scripture. It has distinctly different language variety in terms of orthographic, phonological, sematic, syntactic and above all the stylistic feature. The linguistic deviation in the Mundhum has set itself off the ordinary language variety causing obscurity for a larger number of the Limbu native speakers. Obsolete and classical terminologies stand as a stumbling block and that have added more obscurity even to the most Limbu natives. The article can be beneficial for those researchers who have a desire to study the classical languages like the Kirat Limbu Mundhum.

Linguistic Deviation in Pakistani Print Media Advertisements

Linguistic strategies have been widely utilized to function as a tool for persuasion. The present study aims to investigate linguistic deviation in advertisements in Pakistani print media. There are different manifestations of linguistic deviation such as morphological, orthographic, semantic, and syntactic. Data were collected from different national and international advertisements. The data were analyzed using the contents analysis technique of data analysis. In the analysis of linguistic data taken from advertisements, the linguistic deviations have been highlighted and their functions have been identified. The result of the study says that seven types of linguistics deviation have been employed by advertisers in Pakistani print and electronic media and the purpose of deviation is to attract the attention of the readers/viewers (customers).

شیکردنەوەی نوکتەی کوردی بەپێی بنەمای هاریکاری

The study is under the title of “Kurdish Jokes Analysis According to the cooperative principle", which attempts to analyze old and new Kurdish jokes from an Assistance basis perspective. It assumes that ancient and contemporary Kurdish jokes affect the type of linguistic deviations with social changes and historical developments, which demonstrate the direction of Kurdish society´s likings and preferences. For this purpose, deviations from accurate bases of Assistance and Grice’s theory has been made the measurement to discover the rate of linguistic deviations and how they occur. The scope of the research gets benefit from jokes that derive from Kurdish culture and society. In addition, 'Ȓiştey Mirwarî for old jokes' and 'Nuktekanî ehol for modern jokes' as contemporary jokes have been chosen to prove the linguistic deviations in order to investigate an accurate comparison between two stages of Kurdish society with data and statistics.

Linguistic Deviation in Business Advertisements

Advertising can be regarded as a means of persuading consumers to take action with respect to products, ideas or services. It is a complex phenomenon because it involves two interacting processes, namely, communication and persuasion, and both processes are many-faceted. When advertisers intend to make the advertisement language creative and inventive, they use language different from the linguistic norm. Being unconventional, the advertisements which adopt deviation can give the readers unexpected surprise and make a strong impression on their mind. This kind of language phenomenon is technically called linguistic deviation. Then based on some scholars’ classifications, the author classifies different deviations in advertising (deviation of phonology, graphology, lexicon, and grammar) and illustrates each deviation with some typical examples.

Linguistic Deviation and Techniques of Translation in Spring of Kumari Tears

A linguistic deviation occurs when a writer chooses not to abide the rules of a standard language. It is one of the ways to achieve artistic merit. Through linguistic deviation, a writer can communicate unique experiences that cannot be effectively communicated by means of normal communicative resources. It is also a linguistic phenomenon that has an important psychological effect on readers. This article aimed at analyzing the linguistic deviation in Mata Air Air Mata Kumari and the techniques of translation in its English version, Spring of Kumari Tears. The three most used types of linguistic deviation found are semantic deviation (55.77 %), graphological deviation (20.19 %), and grammatical deviation (11.54 %). The rest are phonological and lexical deviation in a small percentage. Meanwhile, the three most used translation techniques are reduction (28.85 %), linguistic compression (23.07 %), and discursive creation (10.58 %). The rest are modulation, amplification, transposition, established equivalent, borrowing, and deletion. The findings indicated that the author mostly used semantic, graphological, and grammatical deviation to create unexpected surprises and make a strong impression to the readers as the means to attain the artistic merit. However, the artistic merit is simplified by the use of the translation techniques which compress the linguistic elements, reduce the message of the original text, and create temporary equivalence that is out of context. As a result, the translated version tends to be more concise and succinct.

On Telling the Truth: A Cognitive Stylistic Reading of Philip Larkin’s “Talking in Bed”

Abstract This essay presents a cognitive stylistic analysis of Philip Larkin’s “Talking in Bed,” highlighting the linguistic functions that aid the reader in the meaning-making process. In the poem, the realization of truth dawns upon the persona in the final moments of a lingering introspection, shedding light on the reason for which he is lying in bed beside his partner, profoundly incapable of uttering a word. It seems to him, in the end, that truth is indispensable to human relationships. This essay represents a thorough attempt at textually analyzing the poem, broaching snippets of knowledge from multiple fields – philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and literature – all in an attempt to present a comprehensive interpretation of Larkin’s poem. The aim is to further evidence the speaker’s realization, that the articulation of truth is a vital element in a healthy relationship, and to provide an understanding of the stylistic technique most utilized by Larkin, namely, the linguistic deviation he usually deploys by the end of his poems. I argue that the ambiguity he instills at the end of this poem makes for a cognitive attempt at empathically communicating to the reader the sense of meaninglessness the persona suffers from throughout the poem.

Linguistic Deviation in Literary Style

This paper is an attempt to shed light on linguistic deviation in literary style. Literary language, with its three main genres; poetry, drama and prose, is a situational variety of English that has specific features which belong to the literary and elevated language of the past. Literary language has been assigned a special status since antiquity, and is still used nowadays by some speakers and writers in certain situations and contexts. It has been considered as sublime and distinctive from all other types of language; one which is deviant from ordinary use of language in that it breaks the common norms or standards of language. A basic characteristic of literary style is linguistic deviation which occurs at different levels; lexical, semantic, syntactic, phonological, morphological, graphological, historical, dialectal and register. All these types of deviations are thoroughly investigated and stylistically analyzed in this paper so as to acquaint readers, students of English, researchers, and those interested in the field, with this type of linguistic phenomenon whose data is based on selected samples from major classical works in English literature

Linguistic Deviations of Swardspeak and Its Implication to Gay Students’ English Language Competencies

This study aimed to find out the implications of linguistic deviations of swardspeak to the language competencies of the gay students. This research also sought to determine the linguistic deviations in swardspeak used by the gay students; investigate the implications of the use of swardspeak to the language competencies of the students; and develop a sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations. The study made use of qualitative method of research wherein the researcher subjected 12 informants from Suba National High School through recording raw conversations of students using swardspeak. They are officially enrolled as secondary students for the school year 2019 to 2020. The linguistic deviation on the process of using swardspeak depends on the ability of the students. The significant role of creativity and linguistic capability may be developed and improved with frequent use of the language, implications on the use of the swardspeak provide identity for gay students, develop their self-expression, deliver exclusive space through concealment, and find comfort zone using their own language. The proposed sociolinguistic primer on swardspeak and its linguistic deviations is ready for the initial implementation and assessment. The language students might be encouraged in using the language creatively and apply it in the learning process. Activities in terms of speaking can always be practiced in the language learning process to boost the confidence of the students in expressing their ideas. Familiarization of the linguistic deviation categories might be discussed to support the students improve their linguistic competence. Conduct follow up study with the use of swardspeak in a new phase was also recommended.

Predicting Prodromal Dementia Using Linguistic Patterns and Deficits

Language deficiency is evident in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders yet has barely been investigated when first occurs on the continuum of cognitive impairment for the purpose of early diagnoses. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology that develops years prior to clinical manifestations and typically preceded by prodromal stages such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Currently, the manual diagnostic procedures of both types are time consuming, following certain clinical criteria and neuropsychological examinations. Our study aims to establish state-of-the-art performance in the automatic identification of different dementia etiologies, including AD, MCI, and Possible AD (PoAD), and to determine whether patients with initial cognitive declines exhibit language deficits through the analysis of language samples deduced with the cookie theft picture description task. Data was derived from the cookie theft picture corpus of DementiaBank, from which all language samples of the identified etiologies were used, with a random subsampling technique that handles the skewness of the classes. Several original lexical and syntactic (i.e., lexicosyntactic) features were introduced and used alongside previously established lexicosyntactics to train machine learning (ML) classifiers against these etiologies. Further, a statistical analysis was conducted to uncover the deficiency across these etiologies. Our models resulted in benchmarks for differentiating all the identified classes with accuracies ranging between 95 to 98% and corresponding F1 values falling between 94 and 98%. The statistical analysis of our lexicosyntactic biomarkers shows that linguistic deviations are associated with prodromal as well as advanced neurodegenerative pathologies, being greatly impacted as cognitive decline increases and suggesting that language biomarkers may aid the early diagnosis of these pathologies.

Linguistic Deviations: Characteristic of Online Language

This study presents the analysis of a small corpus of online language taken from microblog site Instagram, examining the language characteristic focusing on the linguistic deviations. As a representation of CMC, Instagram allows its user to do a free communication with another users talking about personal experience or discussing anything that matches their interest without any limitation of characters. The data used in this research was in the form of words, phrases, clauses and fragments taken from Instagram Posts’ comments. The result shows that linguistic deviations found in Instagram are non-standard capital letters, over-used of punctuations, emoji, repeating characters, laughter, abbreviations, and grammatical deviation. Online language is believed to be creative and unique and those linguistic features indicate that online language on is a combination between written and spoken communication and it has opened avenues of online language that is not accessible with “correct English”.

An Investigation into Linguistic Deviation in the Students’ Translation of “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost

Poetic diction has its own characteristic features and anyone engaged in translation of a poem should have a sufficient understanding. According to Leech (1969), what causes linguistic deviation in translating poetry is that the poet manipulates the general language rules in his poem as a means of creating artistic beauty. Since the form and the meaning in a poem are inseparable, a translator of a poem should do his best to transfer these two aspects as otherwise he/she produces some linguistic deviations in the translation. So far little attention has been paid to linguistic deviations in translation of English poems. This study is intended to investigate such matter by analyzing the linguistic deviations in the translations of the poem “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost. Ten students of sixth semester of English Education Department of Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya (UWKS) participated in the study. The result of the analysis showed that although the students have passed two obligatory subjects exams, Vocabulary and Structure, both lexical and grammatical deviations are still two most dominant compared to other aspects. Findings also suggest that the subject of Translation should be more intensified and include literary texts in its weekly meetings.

Study of Linguistic Deviations Used in Advertising Slogans of Confectionery and Beverages in India

A slogan becomes a mode of identification for any product, in the minds of the consumers, when a brand or company uses it consistently to represent or to advertise that product. Primary aim of a slogan of advertisement is to attract attention and the copywriters who create them use various devices to achieve this purpose. One of the predominant device used by them is liberal use of linguistic deviations. The catchy slogans captivate attention of every consumer segment especially children. The studies investigating the creative aspect of ads dealing with products related to children is very scarce. This paper aims at carrying out the content analysis of different types of linguistic deviations used in advertising messages of confectionery and beverages in India. This investigations reveals that grammatical deviations are majorly used as it provides ample creative liberty to create catchy and innovative slogans. Overall all the types of deviations are found in every advertising slogan.

A Pragma-Linguistic Study of Egyptian Stand-up Comedy: A New Paradigm of Satire

This paper aims at providing a pragma-linguistic analysis of the complex speech act of satire in selected instances of Egyptian stand-up comedy. In particular, the focus of the research is on stand-up comedy as a satirical humorous communicative act; that is, it is a genre of entertainment that employs a humorous form to fulfill a satirical function. The objective of the study is twofold. First, it introduces an innovative theoretical conception of satire according to which it is treated as a function of language rather than a literary genre; thus corresponding to the functions of language labeled as illocutionary acts. By incorporating some modifications to the current version of speech act theory, the researcher arrives at the assumption that satire is an indirect complex illocutionary act. Second, the study proposes an eclectic model of linguistic deviation to explore how the complex illocutionary act of satire is realized locutionarily by means of linguistic deviation. It detects how stand-up comedians manipulate language in such a way as to generate humour which, in its turn, serves the satirical intention of the comedian. Correlation between this humorous form and satirical function is the basis of this paper. By investigating the ways in which Egyptian stand-up comedians evoke humour and laughter to fulfill their satirical intentions, this paper unveils the dominant strategies of linguistic deviation manipulated by Egyptian sand- up comedians, and examines the implications of these strategies

A Stylistic Analysis of some Selected Poems of Wystan Hugh Auden’s War Poetry: A Foregrounding- Backgrounding Approach

This research paper offers a stylistic analysis of some selected poems of Wystan Hugh Auden's war poetry. It focuses on four major poems: 'O What is that Sound', 'Danse Macabre', 'Spain 1937' and 'September1, 1939'. These poems represent the period of the thirties of the twentieth century. The research shows how Auden skillfully uses the foregrounding-backgrounding approach in presenting his poems. In so doing, the researcher uses the following theoretical framework: simple repetition, parallelism and deviation. The research paper investigates mainly these levels of linguistic deviations: discoursal, grammatical and graphological, morphological and lexical, and semantic. The researcher concludes that Auden is a great poet because his poems could keep him alive even after his death. His poetry still needs a lot of work. Key Words: Stylistics, W. H. Auden, Foregrounding, repetition, parallelism and deviation. المستخلص: يعرض هدا البحث تحليل أسلوبي لبعض قصائد الحرب للشاعر ويستان هيو أودن. يرکز البحث على أربع قصائد رئيسيه هي: اوه ما هدا الصوت, رقصه الموت, أسبانيا 1937 , و سبتمبر1,1939. تمثل تلک القصائد فتره الثلاثينيات من القرن العشرين. يوضح البحث کيفيه الاستخدام الماهر لأودن لأسلوب الوضع في المقدمه والخلفيه في عرضه لقصائده. وفي هدا الشأن يستخدم الباحث الاطار النظري التالي: التکرار البسيط, التماثل, و الانحراف. يتناول البحث المستويات التاليه للانحرافات اللغويه: الخطاب, القواعد و الجرافولوجيا أوالخط, ترکيب الکلمه والمفردات, و المعاني. و يخلص الباحث الى أن أودن شاعر عظيم لأن قصائده استطاعت أن تبقيه على قيد الحياه حتى بعد وفاته. فشعر أودن لا يزال بحاجه لمزيد من الدراسه. کلمات مفتاحيه: أسلوبيات, أودن, الوضع في المقدمه, التکرار, التماثل, و الانحراف.