Classical Philology Research Articles

Regards européens sur la musique grecque antique, de la philologie classique à l’ère du numérique

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une histoire de la réception de la musique antique au xixe et au xxe siècle, de la réédition des hymnes de Mésomède de Crète en 1840 aux usages que l’on en fait aujourd’hui. Il s’agit de montrer comment sa perception a évolué par la découverte de nouvelles sources et comment la diffusion de la musique notée s’est faite dans des cercles de plus en plus larges. Après une période dominée par la philologie, l’apparition de nouveaux documents à notation musicale dans les années 1890 conduit à réévaluer l’esthétique antique à l’aune de ces vestiges. À partir des années 1920-1930, l’accès du grand public à la musique antique, initié par les représentations données dans les années 1890, tend à se renforcer par la diffusion d’histoires de la musique, d’enregistrements, d’émissions radiophoniques, d’ouvrages avec une iconographie plus riche, voire par la constitution d’orchestres spécialisés dans la reconstitution d’instruments. Cette nouvelle manière de présenter les vestiges de la musique grecque rompt avec l’habitude qui avait été prise dans les années 1890 de faire entendre la musique antique sous la forme d’harmonisations ou d’arrangements. Parallèlement à une recherche qui intègre les enseignements de disciplines comme l’archéologie expérimentale ou l’ethnomusicologie, la création musicale contemporaine se nourrit des motifs hérités de la Grèce antique, y compris dans des nouveaux médias comme les jeux vidéo.

A review of history of Baram community of Nepal

A review of history of Baram community is a study of history of Baram Community of Gorkha district of Nepal. It is a brief history of the community. Baram people are indigenous people whose language is called Balkura is closely associated with Tibeto- Burmese linguistic class. To write down the brief history of the community the review has been conducted. It is the collection of different available sources presented in references randomly. The study is also based on the interview of Tokman Baram and Bhairab Baram the old men of the community. In conclusion, Barams are exactly like Jirel, Surel, Thami, the mix of Gurung, Magar, Kirant and Sunuwar. They have huge influence from Hinduism and Bonism. Barams are animists or worshipers of nature.

Niewydane tłumaczenie epigramów Sarbiewskiego, czyli uwagi o działalności przekładowej prof. Zofii Abramowiczówny

The paper describes a Polish translation of M. K. Sarbiewski’s Latin epigrams made by Zofia Abramowicz (1906–1988) during the interwar period. These epigrams (partially preserved) were prepared to be published in 1939 or 1940 by Prof. Ryszard Ganszyniec in his „Filomata” Press. Abramowicz’s translational work seems to be a part of history of the classical philology in Poland.

Factor of Unwillingness to Communicate English: Focusing on The Anxiety in Speaking

The purpose of this study is to know about the effect in the unwillingness to communicate. Especially factor anxiety to speaking English, this study used the qualitative method that used the approach descriptive research. This study analysed the phenomena and the issue which is the problem of students in linguistic class that they are still anxious to speak in class. The population the research took was randomby different high levels in a class total of 10 students and the sample by the research were 10 students to answer ’agree or disagree’ statements about their opinion in anxiety speaking, the research makes an instrument adopted FLCAS (Foreign Language ClassroomAnxiety Scale). This study collected the data by using Google Form, and the data was divided into two steps: the first questioner and the second is the interview. This result showed that most students have little anxiety about speaking English in class.

Jan Nepomucen Józef Braun (1926–2015), filolog klasyczny, orientalista, kartwelista, sumerolog

Jan Braun, born on 15th May 1926 in Łódź, studied classical philology and classical archaeology at the University of Lodz (years 1947–1951). His MA thesis (1951) was devoted to the ethnogenesis of the Etruscans. He also worked as junior assistant at the Department of Classical Archaeology, University of Lodz (from May 1949 do September 1950) and later as junior lecturer at the Department of Classical Philology of the same university (from October 1950 to September 1951). In October 1951, Braun left for Georgia in order to complete his doctoral studies. From there he returned to Poland as PhD, specializing in Georgian and other oriental languages, especially the ancient languages of the Near East. In the years 1955–2002, he worked at the University of Warsaw, initially as assistant professor. In 1970, he became associate professor. In 1991, he received the higher doctoral degree (habilitation), and in 1995 he obtained the position of full professor. He studied the genetic relations of ancient and modern languages, including a suggested Basque-Kartvelian connection. During his habilitation colloquium, he gave an interesting lecture entitled Basic problems of historical-comparative research over the ancient languages of the Mediterranean area (Warsaw, May 28th, 1991), which is presented in Appendix No. 1 (with some comments and bibliographical references). The paper presents Braun’s main fields of research and his achievements made in Łódź (Poland), Tbilisi (Georgia) and Warsaw. According to Braun’s view, suggested as early as 1951, Etruscan represents an external member of the Anatolian languages (deriving from Luwian), so that it belongs to the Indo-European language family. In his opinion, Basque is a western member of the South Caucasian (or Kartvelian) family.

Memories of Lev Bykovski about the Warsaw uprising: biographical and local lore dimension

The article analyzes the memoirs of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, written by one of the most prominent Ukrainian bibliologists, librarians and bibliographers – Lev Ustymovych Bykowski (1895–1992), who also joined the librarianship of Czechoslovakia and Poland and served as director of the Warsaw Public Library in the most dramatic moments in the history of the Polish capital – the anti-Nazi uprising. Among the figures mentioned in the memoir are: Janina Peszynska (1887-1949) – head of the Arts department of the Public Library and an active participant in the Warsaw Uprising; Regina Tchaikovsky – daughter of famous writer Alexander Sventokhovsky; Professor Jerzy Kowalski (1893-1948) – classical philologist, writer, professor of Lviv and Wroclaw universities; writer Maria Dombrovska (1889-1960); Mayor of Warsaw Julian Kulski; Prince Victor Viktorovich Kochubey (1893-1953); former minister of UPR Stanislav Stempovsky – former minister of UPR and others. In the context of local lore, the events around the Warsaw Public Library and the situation on Marshalkowska, Koszykova, Poznanska, Emilia Plater, Goza, etc. are most noted. There is also a lot of evidence in the memoir of Warsaw’s cultural institutions and their condition after the uprising.

“Can we take a picture with you?” The realization of the refusal speech act with tourists by Emirati speakers

Effective communication between people from different cultures requires not only the ability to speak a common language but also an awareness of sociocultural rules and sociolinguistics features, an important one being speech acts the realization of which realization by Emirati non-native speakers of English has not been studied sufficiently. This paper investigates a particularly face-threatening speech act - refusals. It explores Emiratis comfort level and the use of the refusal speech act in communicative exchanges with unknown tourists. The data set consisted of 94 participant responses to a pre-instructional activity in an introductory linguistics class. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data sets. The key findings suggest that both male and female participants were rather comfortable conversing with a tourist couple that they had never met, but male participants reported being more at ease accepting the couples request to take a photo with the tourists at a statistically significant level. While more than half of the participants reported willingness to take the photo with the tourists, approximately 41.5% would decline such a request, with significantly more females declining the request. The most frequent components of the refusal speech act included a statement of regret, a thank-you note, and an excuse, reason, or explanation. Results also showed that linguistic devices for positive politeness purposes were used rather sparingly, and it was mainly the females who used them. Based on the results, it is helpful for visitors to the UAE to be mindful of Emiratis' sociocultural and sociolinguistic behaviors so that the nuances of communication can be understood and responses are appropriate, which can reduce the likelihood of communication breakdowns and increase the well-being of all involved in the interaction.

Non est ad astra mollis e terris via (Timothej Hrubý, klasický filolog, středoškolský profesor, překladatel)

Jedním z významných překladatelů děl latinsky a řecky píšících antických autorů byl středoškolský profesor Timothej Hrubý, který svou profesní kariéru spojil s gymnáziem ve Valašském Meziříčí a českým matičním gymnáziem v Opavě, kde strávil deset let. Složité národnostní poměry v Rakouském Slezsku i nedostatek učebních pomůcek jej přiměly k překládání děl antických autorů do češtiny, plody antické literatury se snažil v časopisech přiblížit i široké veřejnosti. Jeho práce se však ne vždy setkala s příznivým ohlasem jiných klasických filologů (Josef Král), s nimiž sváděl na stránkách odborných periodik dlouhé diskuze. V závěru příspěvku je publikován dosud neexistující seznam prací prof. Timotheje Hrubého.

«Никто не может быть ... профессором, не имея степени доктора»: дискуссии о докторской диссертации Андрея Угянского

The university charter of 1863 gave Russian universities the right and responsibility to approve academic degrees, which led to indecision of professors in making appropriate decisions. On the basis of archival materials of Kazan and Moscow universities, the article reconstructs the process of discussing several variants of a doctoral dissertation of the Kazan classical philologist Andrey Ugiansky in 1863–1868.

SAILING TOGETHER: THE AGONISTIC CONSTRUCTION OF SISTERHOOD IN SOPHOCLES’ANTIGONE

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the meaning of kinship in Sophocles’ Theban plays has raised a great deal of interest in critical interpretations in the fields of philosophy, political theory, and psychoanalysis. From the 1970s onward,Antigonein particular has also become a staple of feminist theory, both as a philosophical and political gesturecontraHegel and Lacan, but also in connection with post-structuralism. Conversely, the topic of kinship in Athenian drama has attracted comparatively little attention from classical philologists. As a consequence, theorists have often been more inclined to discuss the theme with reference to modern conceptual frameworks, rather than to Sophocles’ language itself.

On the inertia of linguistic ideas: Revisiting the dichotomy between closed and open classes

This article revisits the long-standing linguistic dichotomy between closed and open classes. It is shown that the dichotomy is related to a number of difficulties and problems and must be reformulated in light of several distinctions, though even in its coherent formulation it remains of little scientific value. Specifically, three main points are made in this regard. First, a sharp distinction between closed and open linguistic classes can be drawn only on the basis of whether class expansion is possible without altering the basic structure of the functional language system, even if changes would necessarily occur at the level of the language norm. Second, even so understood, the distinction becomes irrelevant once a functional and structural point of view is adopted, since such a point of view can only lead to closed classes. Third, despite claims to the contrary, the distinction is of no use for differentiating lexis from the other structural levels of a language, as a strictly functional and structural treatment of this domain leads to closed paradigmatic structures analogous to those found in morphosyntax and phonology.

Poetics of the First Punic War. By Thomas Biggs. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020. Pp. [xv] + 247.

Previous article No AccessBook ReviewsPoetics of the First Punic War. By Thomas Biggs. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020. Pp. [xv] + 247.Matthew LeighMatthew LeighSt Anne’s College, Oxford University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Classical Philology Volume 117, Number 1January 2022 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/717483 Views: 94Total views on this site HistoryPublished online October 29, 2021 For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Using a class wiki to facilitate community and linguistic inclusivity

I describe the implementation of a class wiki in an introductory linguistics class. There were two pedagogical goals: (1) facilitate asynchronous student engagement and collaborative learning; (2) provide opportunities for students to engage with various linguistic issues having to do with justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. Assessment for the wiki was done using a version of specifications grading (Nilson 2015), so that students could choose their level of engagement with the wiki. A full description of the wiki is available at https://cbjorndahl.github.io/CMUNoLWiki/, which includes detailed descriptions, learning objectives, and prompts given to students for each wiki cate-gory. The present paper focusses primarily on the pedagogical motivations, design of the pedagogical intervention, and a reflection of its effectiveness.

Hybrid contracts in introductory linguistics

Wanting to shift the focus in the introductory linguistics classes in an access institution from teaching to learning, I created a tripartite (hybrid) contract that consists of three distinct tasks: labor-based tasks (collaborative forums and breakout activities); content-based tasks (assignments and final project on changing understandings about language) and self-regulated tasks (learning logs, metacognitive awareness surveys, capstone). This contract gives students agency and establishes a culture of “forgiveness” (while maintaining high standards), providing flexibility since my students’ life challenges can affect their academic performance.

Students\u2019 low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh: reasons and remedies

Students of private universities in Bangladesh are often found to be less competent in spoken English. Since the universities have adopted EMI (English medium instruction) policy, the prevailing linguistic condition on the campus is an “English only environment.” In this context, students are required to communicate in English both inside and outside their classroom, but they desperately struggle to cope with this environment. This study attempted to understand and explain this problem; hence, it set three aims: to evaluate students’ current level of proficiency in spoken English, to investigate the reasons, and to offer remedies. Initially, selected students were given an IELTS-style speaking test in order to determine the overall proficiency in spoken English. Then, involving teachers and students, semistructured email interviews were conducted. The findings report that students’ current level of proficiency is around IELTS band score 5. Reasons for low development of spoken English among students include complex nature of speaking, inappropriate application of instructional methods, teachers’ low proficiency in spoken English and controlling behavior, students’ psychological factors, sociocultural factors, students’ inadequate linguistic resources, L1 interference, and large class size. Remedies suggested by the participants entail integrating TBL (task-based learning) and CL (cooperative learning) teaching-learning, making students aware of noticing, learning speaking through listening, teaching collocations, promoting self-regulated learning, and strengthening teacher education. The reasons investigated and the remedies explored have significant implications that might guide the members of the operating trusts of the private universities, members of the curriculum development and revision committees, and the practitioners to adopt practical approaches to ensure effective learning of spoken English by the students.

SINGING HORACE IN ANTIQUITY AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES

Horace (65–8 BC), the great lyric poet of the Augustan Age in Rome, composed over a hundred Odes. Scholarly understanding of their early medieval reception has been hampered by the insistence of classical philologists that he was a purely literary poet. Ancient sources and Horace’s own writings demonstrate that he was a performing artist who sang to the accompaniment of his lyre. His use of Alcaic, Sapphic and Asclepiad metres has musical implications. In manuscripts from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, forty-eight passages from the Odes are accompanied by musical notation. The Montpellier codex has notation for the Ode to Phyllis (Odes 4.11) which relates to Guido d’Arezzo’s ‘ut-re-mi’ mnemonic. The St Petersburg codex has settings which suggest various uses, in the schoolroom, abbey entertainments and goliardic performance. The surviving manuscripts were widely spread across Europe and supported a monastic and secular tradition of Horatian song.

Założenia edytorskie i terminologia filologiczna Zjazdu Historyczno-Literackiego im. Jana Kochanowskiego

Jan Kochanowski’s Congress for Historical and Literary Studies, held in Kraków on 28–30 May 1884, was of great importance for the development of Polish scholarly edition. The papers presented at that time and the accompanying discussions presented important publishing initiatives and proposed models of editing, which exceeded the standards of most editions of literary works at that time. Roman Pilat’s convention speech is regarded as the founding speech for Polish scholarly editing; voices of classical philologists, literary critics and historians were also important, stressing the importance of editions adequate to the needs of science at that time. The debates at the congress revealed great divergences in positions on the basic issues of textual criticism: the information equipment of a critical edition and the modernization of a text. These divergences resulted from different philological traditions (classical, French, Germanic) and were determined by the political situation of scientific research: difficult cooperation between university centers and scientific societies. The Congress was an attempt to overcome these difficulties.

Feeling and Classical Philology: Knowing Antiquity in German Scholarship, 1770–1920, written by Güthenke, Costanze

Feeling and Classical Philology: Knowing Antiquity in German Scholarship, 1770–1920, written by Güthenke, Costanze

Critical philology and Dante’s Commedia: A couple of thoughts and a few examples

Not only literary students, but also well-known scholars share the idea that the reconstruction of a text is a routine job which leaves little room for creativity. After some 40 years during which I have edited or prepared the edition of works of Machiavelli ( Discorso intorno alla nostra lingua), Pietro Aretino ( Cortegiana) and Torquato Tasso ( Aminta), and 17 years devoted to the textual transmission and the text of Dante’s Commedia, I think that, except for the first phases of the job, textual editing requires almost constant critical thought and interpretation. I shall present a little series of examples, mostly from Dante’s Commedia, with cases ranging from decisions in the realm of accidentals to rather complicated choices among competing substantial readings and to the risky enterprise of emendation against all the witnesses of the work. While these examples can give an idea of the novelty of some solutions of my forthcoming edition (the introduction and Inferno will appear in the summer of 2021), in my view, they seem to confirm the opinion of the great classical philologist Giorgio Pasquali, for whom textual criticism isn’t mechanical; it is methodical.

Рец. на кн.: MARION KRUSE. THE POLITICS OF ROMAN MEMORY: FROM THE FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE TO THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. 304 p.

The monograph by M. W. Kruse—professor of Classics at the University of Cincinnati—investigates the difficulties of building a new historical memory and identity in the late Roman Empire at the end of the 5th—first half of the 6th century. At that time, the emperors did not actually control Italy and Rome, a previous center and origin of imperial statehood. The study is based on an analysis of the texts of the most influential authors of this period, in particular historians of the era of the emperor Justinian, as well as the narrative of his own laws—Novellae of the Corpus Juris Civilis. The monograph represents Kruse’s substantially reworked PhD dissertation on classical philology. In his study, Kruse makes a successful attempt at a large-scale revision of the current concept of modern science about the indifference of contemporaries to the events of 476 in Italy and argues that the assessment of these events as the fall of the Western Roman Empire and a momentous event is only a construct of historical science of the 19th century, originating from the works of E. Gibbon.