Linguistic Amplification Research Articles

Translator’s Visibility in Mediating Confrontational Responses of “Challenge” Strategy at China’s Diplomatic Press Conferences

The study aims to unveil how translators deal with confrontational responses through their visibility in translating the diplomatic discourse of China’s diplomatic press conferences. Distinct from past theoretical frameworks, this study is grounded in the impoliteness strategies model (Bousfield, 2008) and the concept of translator’s visibility. The corpus focuses on the English-translated responses using the “challenge” strategy, delivered by the spokesperson Hua Chunying throughout 2020. Findings show that the translator’s visibility is mainly presented at the syntactical and lexical levels, and the discursive level is hardly found. The translation strategy of modulation is used most in syntax and reduction most in lexicon. Additionally, the translator’s visibility by using translation strategies can mediate the degree of confrontation. In maintaining the confrontational tone, the main strategies involve modulation in syntax and reduction in lexicon. Linguistic compression and reduction are employed more commonly in weakening the confrontational implication in lexicon, and reduction in syntax. Linguistic amplification is observed more frequently in the lexicon and modulation is more often used in syntax in strengthening the confrontation. This research sheds light on the dynamic interplay between impoliteness strategies and the translator’s visibility, contributing to a deeper understanding of the translator’s engagement in institutional discourse.

Translation Analysis of the Article in National Geographic Magazine Entitled “The End of Trash” by Robert Kunzig, 2020 Edition

This study aimed to identify the translation techniques and quality of the article "The End of Trash” from the 2020 edition of National Geographic Magazine. The data comprises sentences from three subchapters Food, Clothes, and Metal in both English and Indonesian. This research used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze data. The study identifies translation techniques based on Molina and Albir's (2002) theory and evaluates translation quality according to Nababan's (2012) framework. The analysis reveales 14 translation techniques, Established Equivalent (34.9%), Reduction (17.8%), Literal Translation (8.3%), Borrowing (6.9%), Amplification (6.6%), Discursive Creation (5.5%), Transposition (4.2%), Modulation (4.2%), Adaptation (3.1%), Calque (3%), Particularization (3%), Linguistic Compression (1%), Generalization and Linguistic Amplification at (0.6%). The quality assessment indicates a high level of accuracy, with 80.9% of the translations classified as accurate, 78.5% considered acceptable, and 80.1% readable. The study suggests that future research could explore other editions of National Geographic to provide a broader perspective on translation practices.

Translation Techniques Used In Translating Proverbs Related To “NEBU-NEBU” From Karonese Language Into English

This study is aimed to find out the translation techniques used in Translating Proverbs Related to “Nebu-Nebu” from Karonese Language into English Molina and Albir’s translation techniques are applied to translate the proverbs from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). This study is conducted by Creswell’s descriptive qualitative method. The data is taken from a book entitled Peribahasa (Kuan-KuanenKaro) which is written by Pdt. Sada Kata Ginting Suka and Pdt. Dr. Elieser Perpulungen Ginting. The finding of this study shows that in translating the proverbs, there were literal translation, modulation, amplification, linguistic amplification, description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, and adaptation translation techniques are used in translating the proverbs from Karonese language into English in this study.

An analysis of translation techniques for racist utterances in Rush Hour 3

This study aims to analyse the translation of racist content in the movie subtitles of "Rush Hour 3" by Dhespy fansub (Movieku) and Putra fansub (Lk21). The research uses a qualitative method and a case study design. Document analysis, including transcripts and subtitles, was employed in this research. The data were analysed by using the theory from Molina and Albir (2002). The result shows that 86 data were taken from the 2 fansub translators (43 data for each). Based on findings, there are 14 types of translation techniques are used, namely; Adaptation, Amplification, Borrowing, Calque, Compensation, Description, Establish Equivalent, Generalization, Linguistic Amplification, Linguistic Compression, Literal Translation, Modulation, Particularization, and Reduction. The researchers found that both fansubs used multiple translation techniques, with single (38%), duplet (40%), triplet (20%), and quartet groups (2%). In the Dhespy group, single grouping occurred 16 times (37%), duplet 15 times (35%), triplet 10 times (23%), and quartet 2 times (5%). In the fansub group, single grouping occurred 17 times (40%), duplet 19 times (44%), triplet 7 times (16%), and quartet none. The researchers hope this research can be helpful as a reference for readers who want to add knowledge about language features to their study. Keywords: Movie; Racism; Translation Technique; Translator

THE TECHNIQUE AND TRANSLATION QUALITY OF FACE THREATENING ACTS (FTAS) IN ANNE OF GREEN GABLES

Abstract This study is a descriptive qualitative that aims to describe the types of Face threatening Acts (FTAs). Besides, this study also aims to analyze the translation techniques and the translation quality of a novel entitles Anne of Green Gables. It is found that 37 utterances which accommodates FTAs in the orientation structure of the novel and involves 4 types of FTAs, they are bald on record (18 data), off record (6 data), FTA using positive politeness (3 data), and FTA using negative politeness (10 data). The translation techniques used to translate the FTAs are established equivalence, linguistic amplification, discursive creation, addition, borrowing, reduction, and modulation. Established equivalence is the most dominant techniques. Therefore, the translation quality of FTAs in Anne of Green Gables is accurate, acceptable, and readable.

Comparison of Translation Techniques Between Human and Microsoft Translator (Windows 11) in Translating Folklores

The purpose of this study is to describe the comparison of folklore translation techniques performed by human and Microsoft translator (windows 11). This research was conducted using Descriptive Qualitative method. The research subjects were taken from folklores titled "Ki Ageng Gribig" and "Wendit" in "Little Sunshine Bilingual Book" translated by Lestiono et al (Human translator) and Microsoft translators (Windows 11). The object of this research is the translation techniques found in the translation results between human translators and Microsoft translators (Windows 11).The result of this study is that in translating the folklores entitled "Ki Ageng Gribig" and "Wendit", human translators and Microsoft translators (Windows 11) used several translation techniques. The human translator used eleven translation techniques, namely adaptation (6 data), amplification (9 data), description (5 data), Establised equivalent (4 data), generalization (1 data), linguistic amplification (2 data), linguistic compression (3 data), literal (16 data), modulation (17 data), reduction (31 data), transposition (2 data). Meanwhile, Microsoft translator (Windows 11) used eight translation techniques, namely adaptation (4 data), borrowing (1 data), Calque (1), description (1 data), Establised equivalent (2 data), literal (86 data), modulation (3 data), reduction (1 data).

Translation Technique Analysis of Dark Jokes In The Subtitle of Joker Movie 2019

The study focuses on analyzing the translation technique of dark jokes in the subtitle of Joker movie 2019 that classified as a qualitative descriptive study. The Source of data that the user is taken from the original subtitle of the movie. This study formulated two research questions concerning the form of dark jokes and translation technique in the subtitle of dark jokes. This study applied the theory of Molina and Albir (2002) to analyze the translation technique. The result of this study finds two forms of dark jokes which are dialogue and monologue. Both of form has 6 data of the study. Then, the study found 7 translation techniques that were used in translating dark jokes of the Joker movie 2019 subtitle. Those are adaptation, borrowing, Linguistic Amplification, Linguistic compression, Literal Translation, Modulation, and Reduction. Translation techniques used were 7 linguistic compressions, 7 literal translation, 3 adaptation, 2 borrowings, 2 modulations, 1 linguistic amplification, 1 reduction. Linguistic compression and literal translation are a most applied technique that used in dark jokes of joker movie subtitle.

Analysis of Translation Interjection into English in the Novel Matahari

Language is a system of sound and character signs used to communicate within and between communities. Interjection is one of the language parts that are commonly used as a daily expression. Translation has a significant role in order to reach the receptor for understanding the source language. The study of this research focuses on the analysis of translation techniques for Interjections in the novel “Matahari” into English. The purpose of this study is to describe the translation techniques applied in translating interjections and to know what translation technique is mostly employed in translating interjections from Indonesian-English in the novel “Matahari”. The researcher conducts a qualitative descriptive method. This study is also conducted by using analyzing the translation technique, comparing and classifying the data, getting the data percentage, and drawing the conclusion. The researcher collectes the data from the novel and there were 45 data. The result of the data analysis shows that there are 13 data (28,9 %) using borrowing, 12 data (26,7%) using literal translation, 5 data (11,1%) using adaptation, 5 data (11,1%) using linguistic amplification, 5 data (11,1%) using established equivalent, 3 data (6,7%) using substitution, and 2 data (4,4%) using amplification. The researcher found the most common technique used is Borrowing.

Analysis of Translation Techniques of Directive Speech Acts in WALL-E Film

The problem in this study relates to the study of translation, specifically on translation techniques which govern the way directive speech act is translated from English into Indonesian. This study aims to find out translation techniques of directive speech acts using Yule's theory (1996) and Molina and Albir's theory. The data sources of this study are WALL-E film and its Indonesian subtitles on a streaming platform Disney+ Hotstar. Based on the results, there are 81 data of directive speech, divided into Command with 20 data, Order with 41 data, Request with 11 data, and Suggestion with 9 data. The researcher also found 14 translation techniques which are used when translating English directive speech act into Indonesian from the sources of data, namely: amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, and transposition. There were 37 data using single technique, 31 data using couplet technique, 11 data using triplet technique, and 2 data using quartet technique.

The Analysis of Translation Techniques in Translating Ahmad Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara Into Angie Kilbane’s The Land of 5 Towers

This research about The Analysis of Translation Techniques in Translating Ahmad Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara into Angie Kilbane’s The Land of 5 Towers. This analysis is a library research and applying descriptive method. From the analysis it found out that the translator applies all of eighteen techniques translation by Molina and Albir, they are: Pure Borrowing with 23 data. Naturalized Borrowing with 17 data. Calque with 13 data. Literal Translation with 17 data. Compensation with 4 data. Transposition with 27 data. Description with 9 data. Modulation with 69 data. Amplification with 18 data. Adaptation with 33 data. Established Equivalent with 6 data. Generalization with 17 data. Particularization with 4 data. Reduction with 22 data. Discursive Creation with 2 data. Substitution, Linguistic Compression, and Linguistic Amplification with 5 data. Variation with 7 data. The most dominant technique used is Modulation with 69 data, while the most less technique used is Discursive Creation with 2 data

The Translation of Proper Nouns in Victoria Aveyard’s Red Queen Novel from English to Indonesia

This study deals with the translation of proper nouns found in Red Queen novel by Victoria Aveyard into Indonesian. It aimed to (1) analyze the types of proper nouns used in the novel, (2) investigate the translation techniques used in translating the proper nouns into Indonesian, and (3) reveal the translation techniques which were dominantly used in translating the proper nouns into Indonesian. This study utilized a descriptive qualitative approach. The data in forms of words and phrases were collected using documentation technique. Then, the data dealing with the types of proper nouns were analyzed using Newmark’s theory, while those dealing with the use of translation techniques were analyzed using Molina and Albir’s theory. The result showed that there were 185 data which were divided into two types of proper nouns, namely (1) people’s names, and (2) names of object. Meanwhile, there were 9 translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir used in translating the proper nouns, namely (1) amplification, (2) borrowing, (3) calque, (4) compensation, (5) discursive creation, (6) established equivalent, (7) linguistic amplification, (8) literal translation, and (9) reduction. Additionally, there were two dominant techniques used, namely borrowing and calque techniques.

Translation of Indonesian Interjection into English

Language is a system of sound and character signs used to communicate within and between communities. Interjection is one of the language parts that are commonly used as a daily expression. Translation has a significant role in order to reach the receptor for understanding the source language. The study of this research focuses on the analysis of translation techniques for Interjections in the novel “Matahari” into English. The purpose of this study is to describe the translation techniques applied in translating interjections and to know what translation technique is mostly employed in translating interjections from Indonesian-English in the novel “Matahari”. The researcher conducts a qualitative descriptive method. This study is also conducted by using analyzing the translation technique, comparing and classifying the data, getting the data percentage, and drawing the conclusion. The researcher collectes the data from the novel and there were 45 data. The result of the data analysis shows that there are 13 data (28,9 %) using borrowing, 12 data (26,7%) using literal translation, 5 data (11,1%) using adaptation, 5 data (11,1%) using linguistic amplification, 5 data (11,1%) using established equivalent, 3 data (6,7%) using substitution, and 2 data (4,4%) using amplification. The researcher found the most common technique used is Borrowing.

ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED IN “THE KISSING BOOTH” MOVIE SUBTITLE

This research aims to analyze the translation techniques of subtitling used on The Kissing Booth movie. This research uses qualitative method. The content analysis is used as a method to identify and analyze the translation techniques in The Kissing Booth movie. Every utterance in five scenes of The Kissing Booth movie are the unit of analysis of this research. The source language is English and the target language is Indonesian Language. The result proves that the translation technique that mostly appears on The Kissing Booth movie (2018) is reduction with eight data (26.67%). The second highest is discursive creation and transposition. Both of them have six data (20.00%). In the third position there is compensation with a total of five data (16,67%). Next, there are linguistic amplification and borrowing. The results show that both of them have two data (6,67%). The last one is literal translation with only one data (3,33%).

EFL Students’ Translation Strategy of Narrative Text of English Language Education Study Program

This research aimed to investigate the translation strategies employed by 5th semester students of the English Language Study Program at Sembilanbelas November Kolaka University when translating narrative texts. The authors sought to understand the students' approaches to translating these texts, as well as identify the errors they made throughout the process. By doing so, the authors hoped to provide valuable insights to students regarding the most effective translation strategies and assist them in recognizing and correcting their translation errors. A qualitative research design was utilized to examine the translation strategies of narrative texts. Data collection involved a translation test taken by 30 students, which served as the foundation for the authors' analysis. Based on the findings, the authors concluded that the students mainly implemented three translation strategies to translate narrative texts. The first strategy was literal translation which was used 84% of the time. Literal translation strategy means that the translators translate texts as is. The second strategy that was linguistic amplification. It was used 2.41% of the time. Linguistic amplification is a translation strategy where translators add more details into the TL. The third strategy that was used was generalization at 2.29%. Using this strategy means that the translators decide to use the general term of a word instead of translating it specifically based on the SL. The authors also found out that the most common errors that the students made while translating the texts they were given was incorrect word errors. In other words, the students incorrectly translated the words from the SL to the TL which may cause confusion for the readers. By doing this research it is expected become an insight about language teaching especially on the translation related to translation strategi that used to translate. The appropriate implementation of translation method in translating process will produce accurate translation. The findings of this study underscore the importance of providing targeted instruction on translation strategies for EFL students. By doing so, educators can help students develop the skills and knowledge necessary to produce high-quality translations that effectively convey the meaning and nuances of the source text.

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF CULTURAL WORDS APPLIED IN THE NOVEL THE HUNGER GAMES

To translate a book into other languages requires sufficient knowledge. It cannot just randomly be translated, because readers may have difficulty understanding the content. It is important to know and understand the techniques of translation before translating to avoid making mistakes. Before translating a book, translator should know and understand some translation techniques. The researcher conducted this study to find translation techniques which were applied by the translator in translating cultural words in the novel The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. This research used descriptive qualitative research. The source of the data is The Hunger Games novel written by Suzanne Collins and its Indonesian version that is translated by Hetih Rusli. The research instrument in this study is the researcher herself with the help of table list. The researcher considered to focus on cultural words in the novel as a necessary data and analyzed the translation techniques based on the theory by Molina and Albir. The result of this research showed that there are twelve translation techniques which were applied by the translator in translating 84 cultural words found in the novel. There are 29 calque, 19 Borrowing, 13 Amplification, 6 Linguistic compression, 2 Description, 5 Discursive creation, 3 Linguistic amplification , 2 Literal translation, 2 Particularization, 1 Established equivalent, 1 Generalization, and 1 Reduction. The researcher offers that the reason why the translator mostly used calque technique is because most of the cultural words in The Hunger Games novel have the equivalent in Indonesian.

Translation Techniques Used in Translating Non- Standard English Words in The Fast and Furious Movie

This study examines the translation approaches utilized to translate non-standard English in The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift's screenplay. This study employed qualitative methods. In this study, the researcher assessed the translation technique of 102 non-standard English words from the script for The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift. Molina and Albir's notion of translation procedures was utilized by the researchers. In this study, the researcher found 9 kinds of translation techniques such as literal, established equivalent, adaptation, borrowing, linguistic compression, generalization, reduction, linguistic amplification, particularization. Moreover, the dominant translation technique is literal translation technique used 35 times with percentage 54,61%% from the data, followed by established equivalent 18,44% used 13 times, adaptation with 7,15% used 5 times, borrowing with 7,15% percentage from the data used 5 times, linguistic compression with percentage 3,57% used 3 times, generalization used 2 times with percentage 2,75%, reduction used 2 times with percentage 2,75%, linguistic amplification used 1 time with percentage 1,79%, and particularization percentage 1,79% used 1 time. Since the script for the Fast and the Furious movie contains many words and phrases that are not considered standard English, it makes sense that the translators would prefer the literal translation process, which includes providing an exact word-for-word counterpart. Because it uses an equivalence-based approach rather than a literal one, this method is more flexible than literal translation

TECHNIQUE OF TRANSLATION IN “SHANG-CHI AND THE LEGEND OF THE TEN RINGS” FILM

Translation is the communication of meaning from one language (source language) to other language (target language). It is a process of transferring the ideas, meaning or message obtained from source language into target language. This research was aimed to find out the translation techniques used by the translator in translating subtitle of Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings movie. It was aimed to find out the most dominant type of translation technique used in the subtitle. This research method is qualitative research. The theory used to analyze the translation technique is Molina and Albir (2002). The results of this study the total of all translation techniques is 288 consisted of Borrowing 0.34%, Calque 2.43%, Discursive creation 3.81%, Established equivalent 5.20%, Linguistic amplification 6.59%, Linguistic compression 14.23%, Literal translation 49.30%, Modulation 5.90%, Reduction 6.94%, and Transposition 5.20%. From these results, it can be concluded that the most dominant translation technique used by the translator was a literal translation.

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED BY ENGLISH THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF RIAU KEPULAUAN

Translation is the transferring meaning of the text from source language in which to equivalent text in target language that communicates similar messages by changing structure without changing meaning. The qualitative descriptive method as the research design of this study which aimed to find out translation techniques used by English third semester students in translating a narrative text entitled “Telaga Warna” from English into Indonesian and to describe the dominant technique used by the students in translating the text. The collecting of the data collected taken from the result translation of narrative text from English into Indonesian by 14 participants of English third semester students. In this study, the data analyzed based on translation techniques of Molina and Albir (2002) theory. Based on data analysis, it was found that the translation techniques of narrative text entitled “Telaga Warna” from English into Indonesian done by English third semester students of University of Riau Kepulauan uses fourteen (14) translation techniques found in 1302 data while translating the text. The translation techniques were namely literal translation, calque, reduction, amplification, discursive creation, linguistic amplification, established equivalent, particularization, transposition, linguistic compression, modulation, borrowing, variation, and generalization. The most dominant technique of translation used by students was literal translation techniques

Translating the Chinese Modal Particle 啊 (a)

The Chinese language has many modal particles, which often appear at the end of a sentence, hence also known as sentence-final particles. Such particles have specific functions and carry implied meanings in different contexts. However, modal particles are generally considered not existing in English, so their translation from Chinese into English presents a challenge for translators. This study focuses on the English translation of the Chinese modal particle 啊 (a) in sentence-final positions based on examples from three Chinese movies. The translated subtitles with the modal particle 啊 (a) are categorised into four types of sentences – namely, declarative, interrogative, exclamative and imperative. The examples are analysed within the framework of Nida’s functional equivalence theory by comparing the modal particle’s functions and meanings in the source and target texts. It was found that omission, explicitation and linguistic amplification are the three strategies used for rendering this modal particle, while omission is the dominant strategy. Though acceptable in many cases, omission may lead to the loss of functions or implied meanings. The findings suggest that translators should rely on an analysis of the context to decide which strategy is most appropriate to convey the function and implied meaning of 啊 (a).

Literary Translation Techniques in Professor Pamela Smith’s Translation of Akinwumi Is̩ola’s Ogun Omode to Treasury of Childhood Memories

Literary translation is a veritable tool to mitigate the endangerment and imminent extinction of African indigenous languages and literature. Professor Pamela Smith has taken up the challenge to translate Ogún O̩mo̩dé written by Professor Akinwumi Is̩o̩la into Treasury of Childhood Memories among many others. Yorùbá literary critics, translation experts, and linguists are yet to scrutinize the literary translation techniques in the translated text. This study, therefore, examined the literary techniques adopted by the translator in the Target Language (TL). The study employed a qualitative research design with a close reading and content analysis of both the Second Language (SL) and Target Language (TL) texts using the Hutardo’ (2002, 498) model of literary techniques for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that: the translator adopted many literary techniques that make the TL fascinating and pleasurable to readers, but the following techniques were more predominant, these are modulation; compression; elision/omission; linguistic amplification; borrowing, calque; compensation; adaptation; and particularization. The essay concluded that the translator's high level of bilingual and bicultural competence and the literary translation techniques adopted to make the contents of the source text easily transposed and rendered in impeccable English language in the TL.