Linear Park Research Articles

Hipóteses de infraestrutura verde para criação do parque linear Brás-Lapa

This article aims to analyze the current railroad connection between the areas of Parque da Luz and Parque da Água Branca, as well as to discuss the proposal of intervention there, close to Parque da Água Branca, which as stated in the Master Plan of São Paulo, targets the improvement of roads, proposing to bury the whole railway and to build on it an avenue for cars with medians and sides, to be considered “linear parks” with bike lanes. The main target of this study is to analyze and clarify the project concepts of a linear park, focusing the environmental design, the project of a sustainable park and sustainable urban mobility, as well as to identify the problems currently found at that site by visits of students of the subject Sustainable Project of post-graduation program at Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism at University of São Paulo in August 2012. The study also aims to focus the hypothesis of green infrastructure to develop the Linear Park Brás - Lapa, disregarding the guidelines that are not consistent with the concepts discussed in the context of sustainable project, especially those raised in research by reporting the Operation Urban Água Branca and Lapa - Brás. The approach is to recover the site, proposing changes in the intervention project, by the proposition of feasible hypothesis as methodologies to resolve implementation guidance of a linear park in the area of the train rails targeting the concepts covered in class, i.e., the linear park project with sustainable urban mobility aiming the environmental design between Lapa and Brás, and interfering with the railroad, considering that the best proposal is that which the rails are to be moved, sometimes being underground, sometimes in level.

Contribuição para paisagem sonora de qualidade no parque linear Brás - Lapa

The proposal for lowering the rail transportation system led to glimpse the implementation of free areas in a region degraded, noisy and split by the rails of CPTM trains, forming the Linear Park Brás - Lapa. This study analyzed the need and importance of open spaces specifically in the section between the streets Silva Pinto and Anhanguera, located in the districts Santa Cecilia and Bom Retiro (São Paulo, Brazil), which is inside the area where the Linear Park Brás - Lapa would be proposed, establishing the continuity of the urban area aiming to diminish the mobility difficulty and to contribute to a better sound quality landscape.

Identificação das áreas verdes no distrito da Barra Funda, para a proposta do parque linear Brás-Lapa e sua contribuição para uma infraestrutura verde na cidade de São Paulo

Starting with the proposal of the subject Sustainable Design for a Linear Park Bras-Lapa, it is analyzed the district of Barra Funda (City of Sao Paulo), its historical formation and the proposed “Lapa Regional Strategic Plan” (PDER). It was searched the existing green areas and its relationship to aspects of microclimate/local heat island as well as the importance of the current uses of the district and its trends. It is described the benefits of urban vegetation, specifically the street tree program for the ecosystem of that region. From such analyzes it was considered some hypothesis by changing the configuration of some important streets as a way to add value to the district of Barra Funda by developing a green infrastructure plan connecting corridors and green pathways linking the proposed park.

The linear parks as a new form of inclusive public space in the city of Medellin

Dentro de los múltiples proyectos urbano–arquitectónicos que se adelantan en Medellín, se fijó la mirada en los parques lineales que se extienden a lo largo de toda la ciudad, como una nueva modalidad de espacio público. Para esto se escogieron cuatro parques en los que se investigaron los usos, prácticas y apropiaciones de los usuarios como resultado de estas transformaciones espaciales. Mientras se identificaron las interpretaciones que los usuarios elaboraron frente a estos lugares y las concepciones que tuvo el gobierno local, cuando los diseñó y construyó para el uso y el disfrute público, aparecieron de cuenta de los usuarios, diferentes formas de comprensión y significación, que posiblemente sus creadores no consideraron desde el principio. Con un énfasis muy marcado en la prioridad urbanística que responde a unas necesidades físicas y estéticas a la hora de construir estos parques, se vio como un aspecto secundario el interés por suplir las necesidades del usuario real y no ideal para este esta clase de parques.

Análise do projeto Parque Linear do Córrego do Bispo

The environmental problems that the XXI century humanity faces are flagrant and have irreversible and catastrophic consequences. The climate changes, specifically the global warming, causes changes in the rain cycles and increase floods, which have been responsible for many environmental and human disasters.The Linear Parks Program emerges as a possible answer to the protection of floodplain areas of different streams of Sao Paulo in particular, of the stream of Bispo. These areas are responsible for an important part of urban drainage and can be converted into pleasant recreational space for the population. Its transformation into linear parks encourages local people to improve levels of environmental health and quality of life. The Linear Park of the stream of Bispo, located in the north of Sao Paulo´s Subprefecture Casa Verde / Cachoeirinha, is in the bidding stage, pending the start of work. This stream has unique characteristics associated with the contiguity of its right edge of the Serra da Cantareira. This paper aims to present the program of Linear Parks in the stream of Bispo Creek, sensing difficulties pertaining to the works and show environmental and social barriers to its creation.

Parque linear do Canivete sob uma perspectiva do desenho ambiental

This article aims to analyze the visit made by the Parque Linear do Canivete to make sure it follows the concepts of linear park projects on the Environmental Design, and for identify the recovery and improvements have taken place on the spot by its implementation and issues identified in the local and recorded in photos about the park management.

O potencial do bambu na minimização dos problemas climáticos nos espaços urbanos

The paper discusses the problems caused by global warming, and raises possible alternatives that if combined with joint efforts can minimize the impacts generated by humanity that misappropriate natural resources. At first assesses effects and changes experienced in urban centers by global warming, and then evaluate the possibility of mitigating these impacts through the expansion of green areas, prioritizing the use of bamboo species, which has greater capacity to absorb carbon dioxide. The results highlight the importance of increasing the amount and application of bamboo on public roads, parks and linear parks, through the sort of the various species, especially in the city of Sao Paulo.

Thin parks / thick edges: towards a linear park typology for (post)infrastructural sites

Cities in the post-industrial era are laced with interstitial edge-spaces formed largely by infrastructural and hydrological processes. Such linear spaces form rifts in the urban fabric which designing typically attempts to mitigate, either by stitching it up with buildings or filling it with linear parks. While the linear – or thin – park has been historically marginalized in design practice, the decline of industrial-era infrastructure is transforming cities and, accordingly, design opportunities. In this new context – based on an analysis of 20 linear parks from Europe and North America – the paper tenders a suite of characteristics particular to the typology of elongated landscapes. The paper aims to establish a clearer scope of operations for the design of thin parks, both in terms of particular design qualities and larger contextual influences.

Bus Rapid Transit in Curitiba, Brazil

Curitiba, the world's cradle for bus rapid transit (BRT), is an affluent city in Brazil. Its integrated transit network (RIT) is one of the most successful bus transit systems in the Western Hemisphere. RIT is the result of 35 years of continuous upgrades to bus service, which ultimately led to the creation of the BRT concept and lent structure to Curitiba's urban development. The recently inaugurated Green Line (Linha Verde) is the backbone of a renewed urban structural concept, with a linear park and the redevelopment of low-density, industrial properties. The line takes full advantage of evolved BRT concepts, such as cleaner vehicles and fuels and the introduction of passing lanes at stations to increase capacity and improve commercial speeds. The success of Curitiba derives from a mix of political leadership, innovation, pragmatism, technocracy, and continuity. This paper presents Curitiba's main transit milestones over time, barriers to planning and implementation, and measures adopted to solve or mitigate them. A series of recommendations includes (a) improvements in the delivery of quality of service to transit users, (b) conduct of a home-based origin–destination survey to identify the mobility pattern within the metropolitan area, and (c) consideration of value capture mechanisms and public–private partnerships in transit projects.

From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea

In 2003—04, the Cheong Gye Cheon elevated freeway in Seoul, Korea, was torn down and replaced by an urban stream and linear park. This bold initiative aimed to enhance the quality of central-city living by replacing a mobility asset that was also a nuisance with an attractive urban amenity. This research analyses the impacts of the freeway-to-greenway conversion on commercial and residential property values using multilevel hedonic price models. Specifically, for non-residential uses, it was found that there were land value premiums for parcels within 500 metres of the corridor for both the former freeway and the present-day urban greenway. However, premiums were notably higher for parcels within the 500-metre walkshed of the urban greenway entrance points than the freeway on-ramps. It is concluded that Seoul’s unique freeway disinvestment/greenway investment conferred net benefits to both residential and non-residential land markets.

都市気候の改善を図る Cool Linear Park 構想実現のための基礎的研究

This research is an investigation of the proposed CLP (Cool Linear Park) Design in easing the heat island phenomenon using the microclimate effect of SHINSUI Park and characteristic of the line. The measurement survey was done in SHINSUI Park in Edogawa Ward using the water and green network in SHINSUI Park in Koto Ward of channel network form. Results show that trees planted in a boulevard shade the water surface and produce a cool atmosphere. The high density of trees leads to more cold areas in the town district around the park. When it does planting of a tree in a park, form a row of trees in high density, and it is important to form the Wind Channel in a park. It is necessary to lose the vertical interval when continuousness with the park is eliminate difference in level to expand the microclimate to the town district effectively. We aim at the realization of the CLP design by making use of a microclimate formation effect formed around this SHINSUI Park.

The Restoration of Norr Malarstrand: A Linear Park of the Stockholm School

The Restoration of Norr Malarstrand: A Linear Park of the Stockholm School

Adelaide’s greenway: River Torrens Linear Park

This paper provides a review of the background, implementation and evaluation of the River Torrens Linear Park, Adelaide, SA. The Park is a 50 km long greenway, linking the Mt Lofty Ranges with Gulf St. Vincent, following the course of the River Torrens. The background includes historical, land ownership, biophysical, hydrological and attitudinal influences. Prompted by several strategic issues and changing attitudes, a development plan for the reinstatement of the river corridor was developed in the late 1970s, within prioritized planning objectives. Implementation on a sector-by-sector basis was carried out from 1982 to 1998. The Torrens Catchment Water Management Board (TCWMB) is carrying out further management work. The River Torrens Linear Park has served as a model for riverine parks elsewhere in Australia.

Linear Parks and Urban Neighbourhoods: A Study of the Crime Impact of the Boston South-west Corridor

This study tests the crime impact of the Boston South-west Corridor parkland, a 5-mile transit and linear park, on its adjoining neighbourhoods 15 years after its completion in the early 1980s. The study responds to concerns of local neighbourhoods during the time of planning and construction, and to evidence of general public uneasiness about the dangers of linear parks to communities. In an analysis of two residential neighbourhoods adjoining the corridor, the study searched first for evidence of crime spill-over from the corridor, and secondly for neighbours' perceptions of corridor safety. To test crime spill-over, police calls from houses adjacent to the corridor were compared with calls from houses further away; interviews with residents investigated perceptions of the corridor's safety. Findings revealed that though police calls were marginally more frequent from houses next to the corridor, these were considerably less frequent than calls from houses next to commercial streets. Interviews with residents revealed generally positive estimates of park safety by day, with low estimates of night-time safety and mixed estimates of its safety during twilight hours. Interviews also revealed heavy reliance on the corridor by the elderly and people with small children. The study concludes with recommendations for the future design of linear parks in cities.

Bird use of linear areas of a tropical city: implications for park connector design and management

The National Parks Board of Singapore has plans to link up all urban parks and native habitats through a park-connector network. Although this connector network has already been implemented, it will take about 30 years to complete. We surveyed birds in 10 linear areas in Singapore. Of these linear areas, two were already completed park connectors, six were parks, and two were located in rainforest edges. We assessed and compared bird communities among these 10 sites. We also determined how the characteristics of these linear areas affect bird diversity and abundance. One of the established park connectors, the Ulu Pandan Canal, attracted 67 bird species, and its bird community was similar to a linear park (Kent Ridge Park). The other recently completed connector, the Jurong Canal, had only 37 bird species. Based on characteristics (percentage of area covered by built environment, open space, vegetation and water) within and surrounding the sites, we found that with increases in built areas, higher abundance of human-associated bird species (e.g. House Swift, Apus nipalensis and Common Myna, Acridotheres javanicus) was found at the sites. Similarly, the increase in vegetation cover (both native and managed) increased the abundance of parkland and rainforest-associated bird species (e.g. Greater Green Leafbird, Chloropsis sonnerati and Short-tailed Babbler, Malacocincla malaccensis). For completed connectors, landscape and management planners should preserve the existing diversity of habitats surrounding the connectors. Similar steps should be taken for the design of future park connectors.

A truly linear park, with scope for geology

A truly linear park, with scope for geology

A Study of the Reuse of Reused Water

ABSTRACTLubbock is located in the center of the semiarid High Plains of Texas. Due to a shortage of adequate water‐based recreational facilities in the region, the City Planning Department developed a scheme for converting an eight‐mile intracity canyon into a linear park containing a series of small recreational lakes. Funds amounting to over 11 million dollars were committed to the project by a local bond issue and various governmental organizations.The proposed lake makeup water is unique. Never before has a serious attempt been made to develop recreational lakes utilizing urban runoff and twice‐used reclaimed municipal waste water as the sole source of supply. The majority of the makeup water will be obtained from wells on a farm which has received the major portion of Lubbock's secondary treated sewage since 1938 and used it for irrigation purposes.In order to ascertain the suitability of utilizing this reclaimed sewage effluent for recreational purposes, the Texas Tech University Water Resources Center with the aid of an OWRT grant constructed a model system designed to simulate the lake project. Research performed to date includes algal growth potential studies, water quality analyses, bacteriological assays, viral assays, and fish life studies.

Environmental Impacts of BART and People's Responses

Results are intended for use in Federal transit policy making, in improvement of transit system design, and in simplification of the transit planning process. The study identified specific combinations of BART attributes and characteristics of its surroundings responsible for impacts. Adverse impacts included noise from trains on aerial trackways in quiet neighborhoods and the inconvenience and danger of large volumes of traffic and on-street parking by BART patrons in residential areas near some stations. Environmental benefits were largely visual, arising from the system's landscaping, linear parks under some of its aerial tracks, and encouragement of downtown street and pedestrian environments.

Nonassisted Private Suburban Development

Kingwood is a successful 11,000-acre (45 km/FR/US2/TU/TF) privately financed balanced community on the outskirts of Houston, Tex. Master planning consists of residential villages and commercial and industrial areas tied together by a network of thoroughfares and linear parks. An innovative system of independent municipal utility districts provides bond-financed water, sewer, and drainage services. Police and fire protection, parks operation, and other municipal services are provided by resident-supported community associations. Utilities and community services are carefully phased to keep homeowner costs reasonable and to make eventual annexation by Houston feasible. Although Kingwood is still expected to earn the developer a reasonable profit, the large pre-investments and high risks connected with major new town development will likely restrict future efforts to smaller short-term projects.

Industrial Development and Wildlife Conservation

The general situation concerning the contribution that industrial development has made to the conservation of wildlife in Britain is reviewed. Two major types of site have been identified, namely discrete and linear, each being divided into a number of categories, with further subdivisions depending upon the nature of the site: for example, used or disused (canals, railways, etc.) or wet or dry (gravel pits, clay pits, etc.).The wildlife value of a representative sample of sites of each type is described qualitatively. It is argued that industrial development produces areas which are often richer in wildlife than much of the remaining rural or urban environment. This results from the existence of ‘wilderness areas’ within industrial complexes, from the creation of new habitats, from the passage of time, and from the protection given against public access and against intensive agricultural, forestry, and landscape, management. The linear systems are seen as forming a network of ‘wildlife corridors’ linking together discrete sites, thus providing reservoirs for the colonization of new habitats and enabling wildlife to survive in close proximity to intensively used urban and rural land. Many ‘industrial sites’ provide facilities for field studies, environmental trails, and environmental education, as well as forming the basis of country or linear parks. They also enable many rare species to survive, and probably prevent many of the common species from becoming less frequent.