Linear Park Research Articles

Proposta de alternativa construtiva com enfoque ambiental para loteamento em Cuiabá – MT

This work presents a project proposal for the final year of the Architecture and Urbanism course and covers the creation of a condominium, a linear park and a proposal for a healthy house, with less environmentally impacting materials, to serve as a model for the lots. It is a work that was developed through qualitative research including some case studies for references in the project proposal. The problem arises from the analysis of the effects of climate change that are in evidence all over the world today. The strong temperatures, in addition to the estimated forecast for the municipality of Cuiabá MT, have been significantly exceeded. Among the countless possible actions to help alleviate this impact are project proposals aimed at solutions and the use of more sustainable materials and techniques. Thus, from studies aimed at better identifying the climatic conditions of the city of Cuiabá, information was obtained to support the project. Studies were carried out on the city's climate and temperature, as well as its biome and relative air humidity, aspects that directly influence the population's well-being and construction quality. The choice of materials was also evaluated, which helped in making design decisions, with an emphasis on thermal comfort, increasingly appropriating aspects of implementation and construction with less impact on the environment.

Comparing mapped park and greenspace boundaries in Philadelphia: implications for exposure assessment in health studies

An important consideration in studies of the relationship between greenspace exposure and health is the use of mapped data to assign geographic exposures to participants. Previous studies have used validated data from municipal park departments to describe the boundaries of public greenspaces. However, this approach assumes that these data accurately describe park boundaries, that formal parks fully capture the park and greenspace exposure of residents, and (for studies that use personal GPS traces to assign participant exposures) that time spent within these boundaries represents time spent in greenspace. These assumptions are tested using a comparison and ground-truthing of four sources of mapped park and greenspace data in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: PAD-US-AR, Philadelphia Parks and Recreation, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission, and Open Street Maps. We find several important differences and tradeoffs in these data: the incorporation of highways and building lots within park boundaries, the inclusion or exclusion of formal park spaces (federal, state, and nonprofit), the exclusion of informal parks and greenspaces, and inconsistent boundaries for a linear park. Health researchers may wish to consider these issues when conducting studies using boundary data to assign park exposure.

Explorations on cooling effect of small urban linear park design in low-rise, high-density district: The case of Gyeongui line forest park in Seoul

Various types of urban parks provide a nature-based solution for mitigating urban heat islands and the cooling effect of urban parks has been extensively studied. However, there is a scarcity of cases involving small linear parks based on quantifiable unit, despite the expectation of their high cooling efficiency due to their unique form and characteristics. This study examined the cooling effect of urban linear park (LP) in low-rise and high-density districts with the longest urban park case in Seoul, South Korea, Gyeongui Line Forest Park, focusing on the influential factors related to park design. Thermal condition simulations and field measurements, including evaluations of thermal comfort, were conducted both inside and outside the LP. Park extensions with increased tree coverage ratio exhibit a consistent decline in thermal variables, with reductions of up to 11.25°C for mean radiant temperature (MRT), and 5.84°C for physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Peak cooling intensities are observed during the hottest time of day at 12 °C for MRT, with parallel wind further enhancing the cooling effect. In addition, LP cooling effect related to adjacent street types was investigated and appeared to be more pronounced in narrower streets. Strategies such as adding tall trees along adjacent streets and connecting cold airflows from the park to a street tree corridor may help to strengthen LP’s cooling effect. While direct comparisons are limited, initial findings suggest that small urban linear parks under specific conditions have significant cooling potential, possibly comparable to or exceeding that of other similar-sized small urban parks, needing further investigation.

Revitalizing urban spaces: Ten key lessons from the “Viaduc des arts” adaptive reuse and placemaking

This study focuses on the adaptive reuse and placemaking of the Viaduc des Arts, an obsolete viaduct in Paris, and examines its impact on the city's economic, urban, cultural, and sustainable identities. It aims to showcase unconventional solutions applied to create an elevated linear park and a coherent commercial identity under the vaults while enhancing the district's imageability and attractiveness.Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzes various action modes in architectural and urban regeneration, highlighting ten valuable lessons learned from the Viaduc des Arts rehabilitation. These lessons provide crucial insights into effective urban regeneration and placemaking strategies, emphasizing the need to update objectives and employ appropriate methodologies for future projects. The Viaduc des Arts serves as a paradigmatic case study, demonstrating the successful transformation of an obsolete viaduct into a commercial, vibrant cultural, and urban space, underscoring the importance of updating urban regeneration objectives.

The emerging trend of converting abandoned elevated infrastructure into linear parks: state of the arts and categories of intervention

The emerging trend of converting abandoned elevated infrastructure into linear parks: state of the arts and categories of intervention

Tiquatira Park, City of São Paulo, Sp, Brazil: Socioeconomic Profile Appropriation of The Territory by The Visitor

Objective: To evaluate the socioeconomic profile and the quality of the park infrastructure from the perception of the visitors, as well as whether the appropriation of the territory and the municipal apparatus takes place. Theoretical Benchmark: The great challenge of the early decades of the 21st century is to make cities more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Research was conducted on these initiatives that made it possible to compare and cite linear parks that contribute to environmental conservation, leisure, enjoyment and cultural activities. Method: The data collection took place through exploratory field research and used case study considering the purpose and benefits of the infrastructure offered, where socioeconomic aspects and its infrastructure were assessed in the period from 18/05/2022 to 17/06/2022. Results and Conclusion: The presence of all socioeconomic classes that occupy the park in an effective way was noted when considering the possibility of social relations according to their spatial, economic, political and cultural conditions. Thus, we can consider that the Park Tiquatira is an inclusive space and that the population appropriates the municipal apparatus offered. Implications of the research: The study generated information that will influence the management of the Park for activities involving the community and frequenters of the municipal apparatus. Originality/value: The research allowed the assessment of urban green areas to identify the profile of the frequenters, the quality of the green areas, as well as the assessment and appropriation of the territory by the local population and the surrounding area of the municipal apparatus.

Sports practices and leisure in the “Periférico Oriente linear park” in Iztapalapa, Mexico City, 2020-2022

Las prácticas deportivas y el ocio son elementos necesarios para la sociabilización y el bienestar físico y emocional de las personas, sobre todo en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas donde los espacios públicos dedicados a la realización de estas actividades son cada vez más escasos e insuficientes ante el crecimiento urbano. Por lo anterior, la presente investigación analiza las prácticas deportivas y de ocio que se presentan en el parque lineal Periférico Oriente a partir de su renovación, así como la infraestructura del lugar para conocer si responde a las necesidades de la población o no, y si el parque es un espacio de recreación, encuentro e integración social. Para ello, se utilizó la observación directa como método etnográfico, la cual permitió indagar en los distintos usos y formas de apropiación que los diferentes usuarios hacen del parque, y se realizaron encuestas a los usuarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a los instructores de las prácticas deportivas. En ambos instrumentos se abordaron los siguientes rubros: datos generales, seguridad, equipamiento y mantenimiento del parque, los usos, prácticas deportivas y de ocio, y lo que representa el parque. Se identificó que la renovación del parque lineal ha permitido una apropiación del lugar a través de nuevas prácticas deportivas como la calistenia, la danza aérea, el patinaje y el futbol, y de otras actividades recreativas y de ocio como las caminatas, los juegos infantiles, el descanso, la convivencia, el cine, la música y talleres. Todo esto ha repercutido en la vida de las personas que son parte de ese espacio.

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Identification of Urban Growth nodes: A Case of Surat City, India

With the passage of time, the city's growth behavior will not change unless and until the government intervenes, and thus its identity will shift from monocentric to polycentric to meet the needs of citizens. As a result, this study is being conducted to identify emerging growth nodes within a selected area of Surat City, as well as their growth drivers over a 30-year period. Quantified built-up area within a patch size of 1km x 1km was used to compute patch density at five-year intervals from 1991 to 2021. In addition, the spatial changes that occurred within patches over the same time period were examined. Both analyses aid in determining the emerging growth nodes over a 30-year period. From 1991 to 2021, the city was driven by socioeconomic criteria such as land price, availability of good health and educational facilities, water and sewerage networks, fire stations, proximity factors such as proximity to major roads, bridges, bus stations, metro, railway stations, airport, environmental factors such as the development of riverfront and linear park, bio-diversity park, and government interventions in terms of Town Planning Schemes. This study thus aids urban planners and decision-makers in selecting which growth nodes to plan for new development and type of development, what to connect, and what to protect in the years to come.

Experiências do PAC no tratamento urbanístico de APP na metrópole de Curitiba

Abstract This paper analyzes slum upgrading based on case studies focusing on the implementation of the Growth Acceleration Program (known as PAC) in the east side of the Curitiba metropolis, with the aim of discussing urban solutions employed in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs). The results showed that the interventions aimed to restore, to the maximum limit, the space of the PPAs that had been previously occupied, and that linear parks were the strategy adopted to equalize environmental and urban functions. Other findings are the existence of an impasse concerning the landscape design proposed by the state ignoring local demands, which results in the delay or interruption of the constructions, and the recurrence of the environmental degradation cycle. Advances were also observed, such as the resignification of PPAs as natural macro--drainage structures, and the use of PPAs by the community for collective leisure activities.

Using Big Data to Assess Park System Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Parks provide essential services to urban dwellers, but the global COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted park usage. Despite this, little is known about the adaptation of visiting behaviors by the public and how visitation patterns vary across different types of parks. In this study, we utilized SafeGraph cellular human movement data to compare park visits in Tucson, Arizona (USA) before and during the pandemic (2019 vs. 2020). We reviewed park management measures in response to the pandemic alongside park visit data. Furthermore, we conducted a GIS analysis to compare the changes in park visits across different park types throughout various days and months. Results indicate that (1) fluctuations in park visits are strongly correlated with COVID-19-related measures; (2) different types of parks experience vastly different processes of visit decline and recovery; (3) river and linear parks maintain their appeal, likely due to the perception of reduced virus transmission risk associated with their primary activities, such as walking and bicycling; and (4) the contrast between weekend and weekday visit patterns reflects the extent of the pandemic impact. These findings offer valuable guidance for park management and park usage, attendance prediction, and design adaptations for future pandemics. We conclude that SafeGraph big data are effective for evaluating park system performance on a broader scale.

The Park and the city: analysis of the Ecological Park “Valdemar Salmeirão”, in the city of Birigui/SP

Most Brazilian cities have developed disorderly and in little harmony with the natural landscape, especially in the valley bottoms. It is understood that harmonious integration with the environment is the way to the permanence of cities and the well-being of their inhabitants, besides being a way to solve the problems that affect the urban environment. Thus, strategies have been formed in favor of quality urban expansion. The creation of linear parks in valley bottoms (aiming at the integration between people, vegetation, and waterways) is a good intervention that culminates in quality spaces and quality of life in society. However, if these spaces are not used and are not properly maintained, they will not achieve their purpose and tend to be abandoned. This article aims to highlight the relationship between river and city, analyzing the issue of interventions in valley bottoms, having as a case study the Ecological Park "Valdemar Salmeirão" in Birigui-SP, verifying its state and its current appropriation, based on bibliographic, cartographic and photographic surveys that support and illustrate the area in question.

국내 공중 선형공원의 체험 프로그램 구성 연구 - 서울로7017과 이응다리 사례를 중심으로 -

국내 공중 선형공원의 체험 프로그램 구성 연구 - 서울로7017과 이응다리 사례를 중심으로 -

Reflection on the Implementation and Operation of the Anhanduí Ecological Park - Anhanduí Environmental Education Center in Campo Grande/MS

In facing urban expansion, actions were necessary, such as creating Urban Parks and Environmental Education Centers (CEAs), making them a reality in contemporary Brazil. In Campo Grande (MS), the public power created four CEAs in the 2010s, located in Linear Parks (Urban Parks), spaces rich in water sources, local flora, and fauna. This research aimed to identify the guidelines for implementing and operating the CEA Anhanduí and analyze the participatory activities advocated by the Municipal Environmental Education Program (PMEA) according to the current conservationist Environmental Education. The research found that the CEA has a physical structure, appropriate equipment, and a multitasking manager, but it still does not have a Pedagogical Political Project and a Sustainability Plan.

Highlighting of the Interwar identity of the Fokionos Negri street-linear park.

The Greek legal framework for the protection of the architectural heritage of the center of Athens promotes, for historical-political reasons, its archaeological wealth and neoclassical interpretation, neglecting the protection and promotion of important buildings and open spaces of the 20th century which, as modern monuments, complete the city’s image and identity, interpreting its evolution mechanisms and the way that people appropriate it in the everyday life. Our research project aims to study the historic urban landscape of the Fokionos Negri street- linear park that has been formed during the first half of the 20th century and hosts many buildings characteristic of "Athenian modernism", an area of significant importance for the functional and social evolution of the wider center of Athens. The research goals have a triple approach, architecture, landscape and social. One of the main goals is the presentation and analysis of the notable morphological and typological features of the interwar apartment buildings on the street, but also of the history of their people. This approach is presented in the issue we created for one of the Interwar apartment buildings and landmark of the area, the Lanaras family’s apartment building. The project aims to contribute both to the documentation of the interwar architectural heritage of Athens and to the production of a broad framework of knowledge that may be the basis for how to understand and appreciate the historic urban landscape in Greece, in order to elaborate the criteria of its protection and prudent management.

Intervention plan for the protection of APPs: case study of the Espinharas River in the city of Patos - PB

Due to the urbanization processes of recent years, a significant loss of the relationship between water resources and cities has been observed, where Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) have been gradually degraded and irregularly occupied. Given these scenarios, laws such as the Forest Code (Federal Law No. 12,651/2012) have been created in an attempt to mitigate and preserve the riparian zones of rivers, mangroves, lakes, ponds, and other water bodies, but due to problems in the applicability of the law itself. Thus, this study proposed to study the PPAs of the Espinharas River in the city of Patos/PB, to highlight interventions that can generate requalification of the river banks. The method of analysis chosen was exploratory research, with the support of techniques such as field visits, photographic surveys, data collection, mapping of PPAs, and finally the diagnosis of land use and watershed. The results of this study consisted of the proposal of a linear park plan applied in the areas of the PPAs of the Espinharas River, urban equipment that has the purpose of providing the requalification, restoration, and renaturalization of the areas degraded by the processes of irregular occupation and urbanization.

The impact of greenspace proximity on stress levels and travel behavior among residents in Pasig city, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study investigated the impact of greenspace proximity on stress levels and active travel behavior in post-lockdown Pasig City, Philippines. 307 residents took part in an online survey, sharing insights on mobility changes, park usage, and their perception of park and neighborhood. Pasig City's greenspaces were classified as Nature parks, Linear parks, Town squares, and Community parks, based on their characteristics and usage. Proximity to these parks was measured via Network analysis in ArcGIS, and data underwent ordered regression analysis with interaction effects for different population groups. Results indicated that proximity to Nature and Community parks correlated with manageable stress levels, while residing near Linear parks was marginally associated with increased walking and cycling. Elderly and unemployed residents near parks experienced greater stress relief and physical activity. The study emphasized residents' recognition of parks' role in promoting relaxation and serenity, highlighting a shift in active travel behavior. Additionally, it underscored the potential health benefits of urban greenspaces, emphasizing the need to consider citizens' subjective experiences when designing and maintaining them. Overall, the study suggests that greenspaces can play a crucial role in fostering well-being and active lifestyles, particularly during stressful and uncertain times.

Macedonia boulevard linear park design for reduced transport noise pollution

The modern urban life is characterized by the concentration of large masses of people in territories with a dynamic infrastructure. This requires ensuring and maintaining a higher ecological standard for the urban population. One of the axes of such standard is the provision of acoustic comfort to the urban environment, through decorative vegetation for noise dust and gas protection. An urban design should plan and provide eco-zones for every public space in the city, including boulevards and streets. The considered project offers specific solutions with sustainable plant species to achieve acoustic and aesthetic comfort of the environment, taking into account the adjacent environment and the status of the object – a monument of the garden – park art. By means of linear compositions, with physiologically resistant and long-lasting types of vegetation planted in a heavy urban environment, a good result for noise and dust protection was achieved. At the same time, decorative vegetation affects habitus, texture, color and aromas. Through a „Green Tram“ additional horizontal vegetative area is provided a microclimate and low noise pollution level. The research and analysis in the project also formulate the need for an urban planning strategy for ecological planning and organization in order to ensure long-term acoustic comfort for the city’s inhabitants.

Linear Parks as Urban Commons—Considerations from Mexico City

This article aims to understand, from the conceptual proposal of urban commons, the social processes of use and appropriation of infrastructures developed in the framework of urban sustainability policies in cities of the Global South. Specifically, it is part of the debate on the type of interventions needed to promote non-motorized mobility, based on a case study developed in the Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca, the first linear park built in Mexico City, which is 59 km long and covers several areas of the city. The spaces, actors, and uses of the linear park were documented using a mixed methodology that included participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and systematic image capture using a modification of the SOPARC system. Our fieldwork exposed substantial socioeconomic inequalities within areas intersecting the linear park, in conjunction with a pronounced imbalance of public funding dedicated to its maintenance and enhancement. Regardless of these disparities, we observed an array of diverse uses initiated by urban infrastructure users, adapting the space to cater to their individual requirements, interests, and endeavors. This variability plays a decisive role in shaping the public space management policies in several instances. Based on these results, we stress the necessity of fostering inclusive access to public spaces, as this is a crucial component of urban sustainability.

Green Infrastructure and Healthy Cities: proposal for a Linear Park for the city of Itapuranga, Goiás (Brazil)

The instrument called Parque Linear must be, a priori, understood as an important sustainable measure for the use and occupation of urban green areas, in the environmental, social, economic and cultural spheres. These areas, within the Brazilian jurisdiction, are considered by the environmental legislation as Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP), that is, there are a series of prohibitions of constructions and so on. But they are characterized as residual spaces of the remaining natural landscape (when existing) and are, for the most part, invaded and degraded by the urbanization model adopted until today. Due to these problems, many cities in the world and in Brazil have sought to insert this type of park as a measure to mitigate the degraded state in which water courses in urban areas are found, with the aim of improving the quality of life of the population. Thus, this work aims to discuss and demonstrate the relevance of this theme, based on the proposition of Parque Linear in the urban area of Itapuranga, Goiás (Brazil), in the light of the movement for the construction of Healthy Cities, which aims to improve the quality of urban life. As a methodology, bibliographical research, cartographic production, field visit and dialogue with city residents were carried out. The results showed the possibility of installing a linear park adjacent to the GO-230 highway, which cuts through the urban area of the city (urbanized highway), taking advantage of the green areas already present in the stretch, which surround the Tamborim river. In addition, they provided demonstration of the importance of installing this type of instrument to promote the quality of urban life.

Experiences with environmental gentrification: Evidence from Chicago

Environmental contamination and limited access to green spaces disproportionately burden communities of color with negative impacts on residents’ health. Yet, cleaning up contamination and creating green spaces has in some cases been associated with displacing long-term residents as the neighborhood becomes desirable to more affluent, often Whiter, populations through environmental gentrification. We used mixed methods to investigate environmental gentrification in the city of Chicago, IL, USA. We examined quantitatively the relationship between green areas, brownfield cleanups, and indicators of gentrification, including race and ethnicity, income, households without children, and home ownership. We explored through qualitative interviews how key informants perceive the risk and impacts of environmental gentrification. We found that brownfields cleanup is statistically correlated with proportionately fewer Hispanic residents and more White residents. We did not find any significant correlation between green area and demographic change with the exception of an elevated rail trail linear park. These results align with a racialized process of gentrification, described by some key informants, whereby racial stereotypes lead White newcomers to feel more comfortable moving into Hispanic than Black neighborhoods. The interview results also suggested that racialized disinvestment drives the displacement of people of color, especially African-Americans, from their communities and serves as a precursor for gentrification. These results add to a growing body of evidence that interventions to prevent environmental gentrification will need to be context-specific, multi-faceted, equity-centered, and ideally occur early on within disinvested communities before gentrification takes hold.