Linear Equation Model Research Articles

Landscape-scale effects of forest degradation on insectivorous birds and invertebrates in austral temperate forests

Insectivorous birds are sensitive to forest disturbances that may limit the availability of food consisting mainly of invertebrates. However, birds and invertebrates may be differently affected by forest disturbances while invertebrates may interact with disturbances. We aim to determine: (i) the effects of forest degradation on invertebrates and insectivorous birds; (ii) the effect of the availability of invertebrates as a food source on birds; (iii) interactions between food availability and forest degradation. We selected 34 1-km radius landscape units, where the abundance of birds and invertebrates was sampled in the canopy and understory. Bird density as well as the abundance and richness of invertebrates were considered as dependent variables and analysed using Generalized Linear Mixed Model and Structural Equation Models. Remote-sensing indices of forest degradation were included as predictors. Eight indices of forest degradation affected canopy and understory invertebrates differently. Unlike invertebrates, bird abundance was affected by a smaller number of degradation indices, forest amounts as well as the cover of understory and canopy. Only two forest degradation indices had a comparable effect on bird abundance and invertebrates. We found causal relationships between understory invertebrates and the abundance of understory birds (all species and the small-sized ones), but also invertebrate abundance × forest cover interactions affected the abundance of a bird species. Our results indicate that birds and invertebrates respond differently to forest degradation, but also provide evidence for bottom-up control by forest degradation and suggest food limitation varies with forest amounts.

Decision theory analysis of airport driver and management based on linear regression analysis

In this paper, we turn the driver decision problem into: the game theory between the revenue generated by the driver after waiting for the waiting in the storage pool and the return to the urban area. When the driver chooses to wait for the yield greater than the return to the urban area, he chooses to wait. On the contrary, we return directly to the urban area. Meanwhile, we collect, analyze and process the information about the taxi in Shanghai Pudong Airport and Shanghai, and calculate the proportion of passengers choosing taxi after arriving at the airport through the Nested Logit model. And multiple linear regression equation model is used to deal with airport passenger throughput, forecast the take-off and landing of flights, speed analysis of taxis and the driving range of taxis under different weather conditions, and ultimately determine the drivers’ different decisions.

Validating Tackle Mechanics in American Football: Improving Safety and Performance.

Research has helped to understand the risks of injuries of tackling in American football and rugby; however, approaches to teaching and analysis are not well-documented. Shoulder-led tackling has been proposed as a safer approach to tackling even though data on the effectiveness for safety and defensive performance is limited. Additionally, some have argued that safety and effectiveness are incompatible. The purpose of the study was to validate a specific sequence of tackling actions as a tool for teaching safer and more effective tackling skills. Results suggested tackle scores help predict presence of head contact, and that higher tackle scores were associated with reductions in Yards After Contact (YAC). Eight hundred and thirty-two (832) American high school football tackles were rated using a 12-element rating system. Estimated Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) was employed to identify the factor structure of the elements with three factors identified: Track, Engage, and Finish. ANOVA, along with logistic and linear equation models were run to determine relationships between tackle scores and outcomes. Tackle scores predicted head-contact category (binary logistic regression accuracy = .76). Yards after contact (YAC) were significantly reduced [Finish factor: MANOVA F(3, 828) = 105.825, p < .001]. Construct and predictive validity were demonstrated and show that these tackle elements provide valid foci for teaching better tackling as well as analyzing both teaching effectiveness and performance.

Comparison of heuristic and deterministic algorithms in neutron coded imaging reconstruction

Neutron coded imaging is an effective tool for diagnosing the shape, size and symmetry of deuterium (D)–tritium (T) plasma in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). It can provide an important reference for designing and improving the D–T pellet and confinement configuration. Image reconstruction algorithms play a role of reconstructing the source images from the blurred coded images and the point spread functions (PSFs) of imaging systems. Conventionally, the convolution model is used as the mathematical model for neutron coded imaging reconstruction, but it applies only to the spatially invariant PSF. In this paper, the linear equations model is regarded as the mathematical model for the reconstruction, and it can also be suitable for spatially variant PSF. In the reconstruction, the spatially variant PSFs were simulated through Monte Carlo method. Then an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) for the source image reconstruction was proposed. The comparison of its performance with other types of deterministic algorithms (like the algorithm with total variation (TV) minimization) was conducted, and the results showed that the IGA has better performance in source reconstruction regardless of the utilization of TV sparse prior.

Identifiability of linear compartmental models: the effect of moving inputs, outputs, and leaks

A mathematical model is identifiable if its parameters can be recovered from data. Here we investigate, for linear compartmental models, whether (local, generic) identifiability is preserved when parts of the model – specifically, inputs, outputs, leaks, and edges – are moved, added, or deleted. Our results are as follows. First, for certain catenary, cycle, and mammillary models, moving or deleting the leak preserves identifiability. Next, for cycle models with up to one leak, moving inputs or outputs preserves identifiability. Thus, every cycle model with up to one leak (and at least one input and at least one output) is identifiable. Next, we give conditions under which adding leaks renders a cycle model unidentifiable. Finally, for certain cycle models with no leaks, adding specific edges again preserves identifiability. Our proofs, which are algebraic and combinatorial in nature, rely on results on elementary symmetric polynomials and the theory of input-output equations for linear compartmental models.

Establishment of exercise intensity for patients with chronic heart failure equivalent to anaerobic threshold based on 6-minute walking test.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the aerobic exercise intensity determined by 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and its counterpart based on anaerobic threshold (AT) in chronic heart failure (CHF) individuals for exploring suitable means for CHF exercise rehabilitation. We retrospectively analyzed data in patient with CHF, who performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6-minute walking test (6MWT) uniformly. Anthropometric characteristics, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and multiple parameters of 6MWT and AT were collected. The results of the analysis revealed that the 6MWD was correlated with the AT positively [CHF group: r=0.433, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group: r=0.395, heart failure with intermediate ejection fraction (HFmEF) group: r=0.477, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) group: r=0.445; all P<0.05]. The regression analysis showed that the linear equation model developed can predict exercise intensity based on AT (EIAT) by exercise intensity based on 6MWD (EI6MWD), the aerobic exercise intensity based on AT and 6MWD respectively, of CHF patients. There is a correlation between EI6MWD and EIAT. 74.6-87.4% of EI6MWD in patients with CHF is equivalent to EIAT. It is feasible to establish the aerobic exercise intensity of patients with CHF equivalent to AT based on 6MWD.

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM DAN PROFESIONALISME GURU TERHADAP MUTU PENDIDIKAN PONDOK PESANTREN QOTRUN NADA KOTA DEPOK Tahun 2019-2020

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Curriculum management and teacher professionalism are an important part of educational components in improving the quality of education. The order to achieve a good education and quality it is necessary to a good management, especially in the area of ​​curriculum that will be taught to students about the objectives, content or materials, implementation and evaluation of curricula. In addition to curriculum management there is also a need for professional educators to get students the best service from their teachers. This research inted to (1) Know the impact of curriculum management on the educational quality of Qotrun Nada islamic boarding school Depok, (2) Know the impact of teacher professionalism on the quality of education at Qotrun islamic boarding school Depok, (3) Know the impact of curriculum management and teacher professionalism on quality education Qotrun Nada islamic boarding school Depok. In this research the researcher uses quantitative descriptive with type of correlative research. The data were collected through a questionnaire from a population of 150 who were all teachers at the Qotrun Nada boarding school. Based on the analysis of the research data, the: Management of curriculum boarding, teacher professionalism and quality of education at Qotrun Tada boarding school Depok is good. Simultaneous boarding curriculum management and teacher professionalism influence the quality of education at Qotrun Nada boarding school. This is evidenced by the multiple linear regression equation model with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05, Ho rejected and Ha accepted.&#x0D; Keywords: Curriculum Management, Teacher Professionalism, and Educational Quality.

Quantifying Subclinical and Longitudinal Microvascular Changes Following Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy Using Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

To assess longitudinal microvascular changes in eyes treated with I-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy (EPB). High resolution OCT angiograms of the central 3×3mm macula were obtained from I-125 episcleral plaque brachytherapy treated and untreated fellow eyes of 61 patients. Capillary density (vessel skeleton density, VSD) and caliber (vessel diameter index, VDI) were quantified using previously validated semi-automated algorithms. Nonperfusion was also quantified as flow impairment regions (FIR). Exams from treated and fellow eyes obtained pre-treatment and at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year intervals were compared using generalized estimating equation linear models. Dosimetry maps were used to evaluate spatial correlation between radiation dose and microvascular metrics. At 6 months, treated eyes had significantly lower VSD (0.145 ± 0.003 vs 0.155 ± 0.002; p = 0.009) and higher FIR (2.01 ± 0.199 vs 1.46 ± 0.104; p = 0.010) compared to fellow eyes. There was a significant decrease in VSD and a corresponding increase in FIR even for treated eyes without clinically identifiable retinopathy at 6 months. VDI was significantly higher in treated eyes than in fellow eyes at 2 years (2.92 ± 0.025 vs 2.84 ± 0.018; p < 0.001). When our cohort was categorized into low dose radiation (<15Gy) and high dose radiation (>45Gy) to the fovea, there were significant differences in VSD and FIR between groups. OCTA can be used to quantify and monitor EPB induced retinopathy, and can detect vascular abnormalities even in the absence of clinically observable retinopathy. OCTA may therefore be useful in investigating treatment interventions that aim to delay EPB-induced radiation retinopathy.

An intelligent monitoring of greenhouse using wireless sensor networks

Over recent years, the interest for vegetables and fruits in all seasons and places has much increased, from where diverse countries have directed to the commercial production in greenhouse. In this article, we propose an algorithm based on wireless sensor network technologies that monitor the microclimate inside a greenhouse and linear equations model for optimization plant production and material cost. Moreover, we also suggest a novel design of an intelligent greenhouse. We validate our algorithms with simulations on a benchmark based on experimental data made at lNRA of Montfavet in France. Finally, we calculate the statistical estimators RMSE, TSSE, MAPE, EF and R2. The results obtained are promising, which shows the efficiency of our proposed system.

Optimal Energy Speed Profile of Medium-Speed Maglev Trains Integrating the Power Supply System and Train Control System

As a new type of transportation serving the suburban passengers, the medium-speed maglev (MSM) is gradually becoming the focus of scholars. This paper addressess the speed profile optimization problem for MSM train operations by integrating the power supply system and train control system under various constraints. Unlike the model for optimizing the mechanical energy of the train, this approach aims at the lowest energy consumption of the substation for the MSM system. First, a speed profile optimization model for the MSM train is built by combining the mathematical control model of the long stator synchronous linear motor and dynamic equation of train, in which the stator current is the control variable. Next, a dedicated dynamic programming approach is proposed to solve the optimization model. The results of the numerical experiments show that the proposed model outperforms the model that only considers the train mechanical energy, and the energy consumption is reduced by 10.3% and 6.5% in the two case studies, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between energy consumption and travel time is analyzed to reflect the optimal results of the proposed model limited to different fixed travel time.

MODELING THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMBRANE PNEUMATIC VALVE IN MATLAB

To create static models of actuators, linear or polynomial equations are used. Such models do not provide the necessary accuracy for the entire system, although they give an adequate result in a specific area of the process under consideration. In addition, the technical values of the coefficients in polynomial equations cannot always be explained. Analytical modeling of the static characteristics of the object allows us to analyze the influence of the parameters of the object on the overall model. After the model structure is built, the experimental determination of its coefficients ensures that an adequate model can be achieved faster. In this work, a static model of a membrane pneumatic actuator is constructed by the analytical method. The coefficients of the model parameters were determined experimentally. The model and actual results of the process were comparatively analyzed.

Store Atmosphere dan Gaya Hidup Hedonis sebagai Penentu Keputusan Pembelian (Studi pada Konsumen Rolag Kopi Kayoon Surabaya)

The potential of cafA© and restaurant business in East Java is on the rise and remains enormous enough to run. This has triggered intense competition among cafA© business owners in Surabaya. Currently, there has been a change in lifestyle during society. People (specifically teenagers) in big cities prefer to spend their leisure to relax in the cafe. Many cafes have sprung up with distinguishing concepts to attract consumers. Rolag Kopi Kayoon Surabaya is one of the cafes that has carried out a marketing strategy by creating a different store atmosphere. The hedonic lifestyle of urban communities can be also one of the factors which influence the consumer purchasing decision. This study aims to analyze and discuss the effect of store atmosphere and hedonic lifestyle on purchasing decisions on consumers Rolag Kopi Kayoon Surabaya. This research was conducted at Rolag Kopi Kayoon Surabaya by using data of a questionnaire of 110 respondents with a minimum age of 17 years old. The sampling method used is a judgmental sampling. The measurement scale applied is the Likert scale. The statistical analysis used is multiple linear regression equation models. The results showed that the store atmosphere and hedonic lifestyle variables significantly and positively influenced purchasing decisions. The biggest influence on purchasing decisions is the store atmosphere with a level of influence at 20.7%.

Chemoinformatic studies on some inhibitors of dopamine transporter and the receptor targeting schizophrenia for developing novel antipsychotic agents

Chemoinformatic studies were carried on some inhibitors of dopamine transporter to develop a predictive and robust QSAR model and also to elucidate binding mode and molecular interactions between the ligands (inhibitors) and the receptor targeting schizophrenia as novel Antipsychotic agents. Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach was utilized to optimize the ligands at B3LYP/6-31G∗ at the ground state and Multi-linear regression of the genetic function approximation (MLR-GFA) method was employed in building Penta-parametric linear equation models. The best model with statistically significant parameters has squared correlation coefficient R2= 0.802, adjusted squared correlation coefficient R2adj = 0.767, Leave one out (LOO) cross-validation coefficient (Q2) = 0.693, lack of fit score (LOF) = 0.406, R2Test = 0.77, Y-randomization test (cR2p) = 0.714, Chi-squared (χ2) =0.026, bootstrapping (Systematic errors = 0.272) and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) <2 . The obtained results were compared with standard validation parameters to ascertain the predictivity, reliability, and robustness of the model. Also, the mechanistic interpretation of the descriptors found in the model revealed that two out of five descriptors; MATS7s (32.3%) and RDF95m (30.4%) having pronounced influence on the observed antipsychotic property of the compounds evidenced by their highest percentage contributions. More so, the molecular docking investigation showed that the binding affinity of the selected ligands ranges from -10.05 to -9.0 kcal/mol and with ligand 21 possessed the highest binding affinity (-10.05 kcal/mol). Furthermore, all the selected ligands displayed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the amino acid residues of the target (4M48) which could account for their higher binding energy. Our findings revealed that the developed model passed the general requirements for an acceptable QSAR model and also satisfied the OECD principles for model development. Hence, the developed model would be practically useful as a blueprint in developing novel antipsychotic agents with improved activity for the treatment of schizophrenia mental disorder.

Model Propagasi Komunikasi Bergerak LTE 1800 Mhz Di Kota Pekanbaru

Propagation model is an important part that can be used to design a communication network one of them is mobile communication. The difference in the propagation signal received from the transmitter to the mobile station will result in loss propagation so we need a propagation model that can describe the propagation characteristics of a region such as urban areas in this case is Pekanbaru City. To get the propagation model in accordance with the characteristics of Pekanbaru City the method used is measurement through a drive test. This research aimsto determine the mobile communication propagation model in LTE 1800 MHz that fits the characteristics of Pekanbaru City. Based on the results of the measurement of the value of loss to distance obtained by the propagation model of mobile communication in the city of Pekanbaru with 3 models of the equation, among others linear equation model: L = 5.1 x D + 85, quadratic equation: L = 2.2 x + 3 x + 86 and cubic equation: L = 0.65 x + 0.84 x + 3.6 x D + 86.

Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage

Quality of life is a multidimensional concept, a construct influenced by objective and subjective factors that include the evaluation of functional, physical, social, and emotional aspects of the person. The recent contributions of positive psychology present the quality of life as a fundamental indicator for health promotion and prevention strategies. In the recent psychological studies about this topic, courage demonstrated to positively affect several work behavioral outcomes, personal identity, and prosocial actions. Courage promotes change, innovation, and coping skills to achieve aims, and it correlates positively with many individual resources. The aim of the study was to investigate, according to the positive psychology approach, the relationships between psychological capital and two dimensions of quality of life—life satisfaction and flourishing—with particular attention to the mediation function performed by courage. The research was attended by a convenience sample of 807 Italian workers, balanced by gender, belonging to public, private, and non-profit organizations, and recruited on a voluntary basis. Participants responded to a structured online questionnaire containing the following measures: Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Courage Measure, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Flourishing Scale. Cronbach’s alpha on each scale showed very good internal consistency. The collected data were analyzed according to a model of linear structural equations. In the first step, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the model fit of the measurement model; in the second step, we verified the mediation hypothesis through Process v.3.1. Finally, the correlations were implemented using SPSS 20.0. The results showed that, in general, psychological capital predicts life satisfaction and flourishing, with an indirect mediation effect of courage only on flourishing. Two main conclusions emerged from the study: flourishing and life satisfaction are representative indicators of the quality of life; courage emerges as an important psychological resource that supports the individual to face and manage the uncertainties of the risk society.

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Fasilitas terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan PT. Televisi Transformasi Indonesia

The research aims to examine and analyze the influence of working environment and facility toward employee loyalty PT. Televisi Transformasi Indonesia. Data collected through distribution of questionnaires and it is implemented to PT. Televisi Transformasi Indonesia 85 employee. Analysis of data in this research using the help of SPSS version 22. The study was conducted during the period July 2017 - October 2017. Analysis technique used is multiple regression. It also tested validity test, regression analyze, and the classical assumtions that included normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The result this research found no variables that deviate from the classical assumtions, this suggest that the available data has been qualified to use the model of multiple linear regression equation. From the results showed that the variable leadership style and motivation is partially postivie significantly. The predictive capability of the two variables on performance employee of 70,5%.

Analysis of Customer Preference Factors for Qardh and Murabahah Products at Bank BRI Syariah of Bungo Regency

Purpose: This research was conducted at BRI Syariah KCP Muara Bungo, this was done because the researchers wanted to find out the influence of customer preferences using qardh and muarabah products with sharia system variables, products, services, places / locations and promotions to customer preferences at BRI Syariah KCP Muara Bungo.Design/Method/Approach:. This study uses a descriptive analysis approach and quantitative methods with the aim of examining the influence between variables studied through hypothesis testing. This study uses the Slovin formula to obtain sample sizes, for data analysis methods using multiple linear regression equation models. The assistance used is the SPSS statistical data processing program version 21.00. windows.Findings: The results showed that overall (simultaneous) there was a significant influence between variables consisting of sharia system variables, products, services, places / locations and promotions to customer preferences in BRI Syariah Muara Bungo KCP. While the variable that has the most influence is promotion (X5), because it has the highest regression coefficient.Originality/Values: Novelty of the study identified from issue studied constitently, and also place of where the study researched.

Robust and efficient estimating equations for longitudinal data partial linear models and its applications

Composite quantile regression (CQR) is a good alternative of the mean regression, because of its robustness and efficiency. In longitudinal data analysis, correlation structure plays an important role in improving efficiency. However, how to specify the correlation matrix in CQR with longitudinal data is challenging. We propose a new approach that uses copula to account for intra-subject dependence, and by using the copula based covariance matrix, robust and efficient CQR estimating equations are constructed for the partial linear models with longitudinal data. As a specific application, a copula based CQR empirical likelihood is proposed. Furthermore, it can also be used to develop a penalized empirical likelihood for variable selection. Our proposed new methods are flexible, and can provide robust and efficient estimation. The properties of the proposed methods are established theoretically, and assessed numerically through simulation studies.

Morphometric Dimensions of the Calcaneus

Calcaneal morphometric dimensions influence surgical treatment plans after injury. These dimensions display population heterogeneity, and there is a paucity of data in the setting of our hospital in Kenya. Further, estimation of calcaneal dimensions during reconstruction in comminuted fractures can be difficult. This cross-sectional study therefore aims to determine equations for estimation of these dimensions as well as provide local data. Sixty-four bilateral calcanei of adult indigenous Kenyans were obtained from the National Museum of Kenya and measured for maximum anteroposterior length, maximum height, cuboidal facet height, body height, and load arm length. The data were coded into SPSS software, and means were calculated. Paired t tests, independent t tests, and Pearson correlation tests were done, and linear regression model equations were developed. Data are presented using tables. In millimeters, the mean right and left values, respectively, were as follows: maximum anteroposterior length, 36.1063 and 35.3047; maximum height, 68.958 and 68.266; cuboidal facet height, 27.815 and 27.841; body height, 47.94 and 48.98; and load arm length, 18.83 and 17.93. Paired and independent t tests did not reveal statistically significant difference between the variables based on side or sex. Pearson correlational tests between the maximum length on each side and other variables revealed strong positive correlations, apart from the maximum width and load arm length on both sides. All correlational R2 values were statistically significant, apart from that of the maximum width bilaterally. The calcaneus in our setting also showed markedly reduced values compared with other populations. These findings, and the proposed equations we developed, may be considered in local calcaneal reconstruction.

Retrospective comparison of posterior fixed dental prostheses supported by two different titanium abutments on tissue level implants

Statement of problemClinical studies comparing compatible computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) titanium abutments (CAs) and original prefabricated 1-piece titanium abutments (PAs) for posterior fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) on Straumann Tissue Level (STL) implants are sparse. PurposeThe purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the performance of posterior FDPs supported by CAs and PAs on STL implants after a mean observation period of 7.2 years. Material and methodsPatients who received STL implants and posterior FDPs by using CAs or PAs between January 2002 and December 2012 and returned for follow-up between January 2017 and September 2018 were included in this study. Technical and biological complications of FDPs were examined and recorded. Radiographs were used for the measurement of marginal bone loss (MBL) of each implant. Variables, complication rates, and MBL of the 2 groups were analyzed by using a generalized estimating equation and multivariable linear mixed model. ResultsNinety-nine patients with 195 implants in the CA group and 75 patients with 143 implants in the PA group were included. The mean functional time of FDPs was 6.5 ±1.1 years for the CA group and 8.1 ±2.6 years for the PA group. No implant failure was noted in either group. The technical complication rate was 20.8% in the CA group and 26.3% in the PA group. Abutment screw loosening (ASL) was noted in the CA group (8.5%). The decementation rate was significantly higher in the PA group (14.1%) than that in the CA group (3.1%) (adjusted odds ratio=4.40, confidence interval=1.41 to 13.69, P=.011). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of the rates of ceramic chipping, peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, or mean MBL. ConclusionsUsing CAs or PAs to support posterior FDPs on STL implants has no significant effect on the incidence rate of biological complications. However, a higher ASL rate and a lower decementation rate were noted with CAs than with PAs.