Linear Dye Research Articles

Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Different Furcal Perforation Repair Materials: An In vitro Study.

The choice of sealing material is a crucial factor that influences the outcome of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Endocem MTA, and NeoPutty MTA when used as furcal perforation repair materials. A total of 45 mandibular molars were used. Root canal treatment was carried out following which standardized furcal perforations were made. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 15 teeth each. Group A-Furcal perforation repair by means of MTA Angelus, Group B-Furcal perforation repair using Endocem MTA, and Group C-Furcal perforation repair by NeoPutty MTA. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with temporary restorative material and immersed in 1% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration was measured using a stereo-microscope. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 16.15, P < 0.001). On calculating the depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 32.83% in Group I, 52.92% in Group II and the lowest, 16.35% in Group III. The ANOVA test reveals a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 15.92, P < 0.001). Comparing the depth of dye penetration of dye, 33.3% of the Group I samples showed ≥50%, 49%-25%, and <25% dye penetration. Although 56.7% of Group II samples showed ≥50% dye penetration, whereas 63.3% of Group III showed <25% dye penetration. The present study indicated that NeoPutty MTA had the least dye penetration followed by MTA Angelus and Endocem MTA.

Microleakage Evaluation of a Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Packable and Nanofill Posterior Composites (in vitro comparative study)

This study compared in vitro the microleakage of a new low shrink silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) and two methacrylate-based composites: a packable posterior composite (Filtek™ P60) and a nanofill composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) through dye penetration test. Thirty sound human upper premolars were used in this study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared at the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were then divided into three groups of ten teeth each: (Group 1: restored with Filtek™ P90, Group 2: restored with Filtek™ P60, and Group 3: restored with Filtek™ Supreme XT). Each composite system was used according to the manufacturer's instructions with their corresponding adhesive systems. The teeth were then thermocycled, immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours at room temperature, embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and sectioned longitudinally bucco-lingually. Microleakage was evaluated by assessing the linear dye penetration at the tooth/restoration interface occlusally and gingivally. The highest microleakage score occlusally or gingivally was recorded and the results were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 13. The results of this study showed that the silorane-based posterior composite Filtek™ P90 showed significantly less microleakage than the methacrylate-based packable composite (Filtek™ P60) and the nano-filled composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) when the tooth-restoration interface is located in enamel.

Extended Analytical Model for the Description of Light Absorption Spectra of Linear Molecular Aggregates

We study optical properties of linear dye aggregates in which the transition dipole matrix elements of two monomer molecules forming their unit cell are not coplanar with the aggregate axis, and the Frenkel exciton is delocalized along this axis. An analytical model has been developed for the description of polarization effects in the light absorption spectra of such aggregates. It is shown that the nature of their optical spectra differs drastically from previously studied linear aggregates with a single molecule per unit cell. The developed theory contains simple formulas of the well-known Davydov–McRae–Kasha model for conventional linear aggregates as a particular case. A quantitative explanation of the experimental data is given for the absorption spectra of the pseudoisocyanine bromide dye aggregate.

Comparative Evaluation of Setting Time and Sealing Ability of Two Root End Filling Materials: An In vitro Study

Purpose: Incomplete root formation caused due to trauma can lead to problems in future. Treating such open apices teeth pose a challenge. Apexification is one of the treatment options for such teeth with open apex. Thus, this in vitro study intended to assess and compare two commercially available root-end filling materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Angelus and Biodentine™ for their setting time and sealing ability. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study assessed the setting time and sealing ability of the two materials; MTA-Angelus and Biodentine™. For setting time evaluation, 30 rings were made and divided into two groups. The evaluation was done using Vicat apparatus. For sealing ability, sixty single rooted teeth were used and were divided into four groups (two experimental and two control). The assessment was done using the linear dye penetration method. Results: Mean setting time of Biodentine and MTA was 29.2 ± 3.84 min and 15.2 ± 2.11 min, respectively. The mean linear dye penetration in MTA group was found to be 0.808 ± 1.094 mm, 3.76 ± 1.05 mm in Biodentine group, 5.28 ± 1.73 mm and 0.05 mm in positive control group. Conclusion: MTA-Angelus demonstrated a faster setting time when compared to biodentine, while biodentine showed to have a superior sealing ability.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE OF BIODENTINE AND GERISTORE ROOT END FILLING MATERIALS IN DRY, SALIVA AND BLOOD CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS – A FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE STUDY.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the microleakage of Biodentine and Geristore root end lling materials in dry, saliva and blood contaminated environment using uorescent microscope. After removing Materials &amp; methods: the anatomical crowns of ninety extracted human maxillary central incisors, their root canals were instrumented and obturated. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and a standardized root end cavity was prepared using a # 8 round bur. The roots were alienated into three equal subgroups for each material and the root end lling was performed in different environments namely dry, saliva contaminated, and blood contaminated. Samples were immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B dye for 48 hrs. Roots were sectioned longitudinally and examined under a uorescent microscope to measure the linear dye penetration. Geristore showed higher microleakage compared to Biodentine in dry (0.47±0.516), sa Results: liva (1 ± 0.65) and blood (1.27 ± 0.59) sub-groups. Statistically no signicant difference was seen between the Biodentine and Geristore groups in dry sub group (p=0.52), in saliva sub group (p=0.45) and in blood sub group (p=0.054). Microleakage was observed in both the tested group Conclusion: s. Biodentine exhibited the least apical leakage value, while Geristore exhibited the maximum apical leakage value. Statistical signicant difference was seen between dry and blood subgroup in Geristore group, whereas there was no signicant difference between any subgroups in Biodentine group.

Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of Zinc Oxide Eugenol and AH Plus sealers in laterally condensed gutta percha: A dye leakage study

Introduction: Airtight sealing of the root canal is the foremost desirable result of any root canal treatment, but getting the perfect filling of the root canal is always problematic, which could be due to multiple reasons. One such majorly reason impacting the obturation is the root canal sealer utilized. Objective: The present study was done for evaluating microleakage in zinc oxide eugenol cement (ZOE) and epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) root canal sealers using linear dye leakage method. Methods: This in-vitro study used twenty-two extracted human single canal mandibular premolar teeth comprising 2 groups (11 in each), where sealers used for microleakage evaluation were ZOE cement sealer, and AH Plus. All the samples once cleaned, shaped and obturated were soaked in methylene blue dye for forty-eight hours with two millimeter (mm) exposed apex. The samples were then split into halves and inspected under a stereomicroscope for microleakage. The generated data were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test in SPSS version 11. Results: All the test samples showed microleakage. However, the mean microleakage measured was considerably higher in the ZOE cement sealer at 6.18mm and 2.95mm for the Epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus sealer). Conclusions: Epoxy resin-based sealer has better performance than ZOE cement sealer with minimal microleakage. Thus, Epoxy resin-based sealer showed a better prognosis and it can be considered to be adapted in clinical practice.

APICAL SEALING ABILITY OF GUTTA PERCHA AND C-POINT WITH DIFFERENT SEALERS- AN EX-VIVO

BACKGROUND- An apical seal is one which forms a barrier between the root canal and periapex. A three-dimesional seal is created by use of Gutta Percha and an endodontic sealer, which will fill the discrepancies between the core material and dentinal walls. Since years Gutta Percha has played a versatile role in root canal obturation; but newer materials have been introduced to overcome the hydrophobic nature of it. One such material is C-Point, a premade obturation point, which absorbs residual moisture (hydrophilic nature) from the canals and expands laterally to conform to canal complexities.MATERIALS AND METHOD- Fifteen freshly extracted mandibular incisors were prepared with Protaper Universal rotary files, and obturated by dividing into three groups of 5 teeth each. Group I- Gutta-percha &amp; AH-Plus, Group II, Gutta-percha &amp; Nanoseal S, and Group III C-point &amp; BioRoot RCS. After coating the teeth with nail polish except the apical 2 mm, they were suspended in methylene blue dye for 12 hour. They were then sectioned longitudinally and observed under stereomicroscope for the linear dye penetration. All the groups were compared by using ONE WAY ANOVA.RESULTS- One way ANOVA showed Group I with minimum microleakage (Mean ± SD) of 3.29±1.32 μm, followed by Group II 4.25±1.83 μm and Group III with maximum micro-leakage 5.53±1.72 μm.CONCLUSION- Gutta percha when used with AH-Plus showed better sealing ability as compared to Gutta Percha and Nanoseal S. The newer material, C-Point with BioRoot RCS showed the least sealing ability.

Effect of Laser Irradiation on the Apical Root Canal Sealing

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system are essential for the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. In addition to the routinely used irrigating solutions, other technologies have been investigated for the treatment of root canal dentine, such as different types of laser systems. Purpose: The aim of our in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different types of laser irradiation (Er:YAG , Nd:YAG, diode laser and photodynamic therapy) on the intracanal dentin and their interference in the apical seal of filled root canals. Methodology: 72 human single rooted teeth were randomly assigned into 6 groups. Root canal preparation was done using ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3. The laser irradiation was performed at the end of the traditional endodontic preparation as a final means of decontaminating the endodontic system. Teeth were filled with a core-carrier system Guttacore (Dentsply, Sirona) and sealer AH- plus. Results: Statistical analysis showed that all groups had significantly less leakage in apical third than the control group. The laser-treated groups presented better results than Group II (Classical disinfection protocol), without statistically significant difference. The morphological changes on the apical intraradicular dentin surface caused by Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation resulted at least linear dye apical leakage. Conclusions: Laser irradiation may improve the apical seal of the root canal. Different type of laser systems with appropriate parameters are recommended to be used as an adjunct to the current chemical root canal disinfection protocols.

Comparative Microleakage Evaluation through the Interfaces between the Tooth and Cement after Stainless Steel Crown Cementation in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study.

The longevity of stainless steel crowns is related to perfect adaptation and long-term union between restoration and teeth. In this respect, evaluation of marginal leakage of luting cement is essential. To compare and evaluate the ability of new adhesive cement to prevent microleakage under stainless steel crowns on primary teeth. Forty-five specimens were embedded, standardized preparations were made onto selected extracted primary molars, and stainless steel crowns were adapted. Samples were assigned randomly to cement groups: Glass ionomer (GI), resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI), and Adhesive resin (AR) cement, followed by storage in water, artificially aging, staining, sectioning, and the linear dye penetration and proportion of microleakage evaluation. AR showed the lowest microleakage, followed in increasing order by RMGIC and GIC showed the greatest microleakage (p-value < 0.0001). There are many kinds of luting agents that vary considerably from the viewpoint of solubility, strength, and ability to adhere to the tooth structure. Lack of adhesion of the luting cement to the tooth structure is one of the reasons for microleakage related to different types of crowns. Cement breakdown may result in the entrance of fluids and microorganisms along with the tooth restoration interface. In this study, attempts were made to simulate standard clinical procedures, although this is not a substitute for the complex oral environment, the results provide useful information to choosing the best cement materials. Adhesive resin cement can be recommended for cementation of Stainless Steel Crowns because of added advantages over others. Gundewar MS, Saha S, Arora D, et al. Comparative Microleakage Evaluation through the Interfaces between the Tooth and Cement after Stainless Steel Crown Cementation in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):159-163.

Toward witnessing molecular exciton entanglement from spectroscopy

Entanglement is a defining feature of quantum mechanics that can be a resource in engineered and natural systems, but measuring entanglement in experiment remains elusive especially for large chemical systems. Most practical approaches require determining and measuring a suitable entanglement witness which provides some level of information about the entanglement structure of the probed state. A fundamental quantity of quantum metrology is the quantum Fisher information (QFI) which is a rigorous witness of multipartite entanglement that can be evaluated from linear response functions for certain states. In this work, we explore measuring the QFI of molecular exciton states of the first-excitation subspace from spectroscopy. In particular, we utilize the fact that the linear response of a pure state subject to a weak electric field over all possible driving frequencies encodes the variance of the collective dipole moment in the probed state, which is a valid measure for QFI. The systems that are investigated include the molecular dimer, $N$-site linear aggregate with nearest-neighbor coupling, and $N$-site circular aggregate, all modeled as a collection of interacting qubits. Our theoretical analysis shows that the variance of the collective dipole moment in the brightest dipole-allowed eigenstate is the maximum QFI. The optical response of a thermally equilibrated state in the first-excitation subspace is also a valid QFI. Theoretical predictions of the measured QFI for realistic linear dye aggregates as a function of temperature and energetic disorder due to static variations of the host matrix show that 2- to 3-partite entanglement is realizable. This work lays some groundwork and inspires measurement of multipartite entanglement of molecular excitons with ultrafast pump-probe experiments.

A influência de diferentes cimentos de obturação de canal na infiltração apical

It is an "in vitro" study to evaluate the sealing ability of 3 root canal sealers using a dye leakage/clearing method. 40 lower incisors were instrumented by the step-back technique and divided into 4 groups. The teeth were filled with lateral condensation of guta-percha varying the root canal sealer. Fill Canal, Sealer 26, N-Rickert were tested and compared to the control group in which guttapercha cones with no seater were used. Linear dye penetration was measured after demineralizatÎon and clearing. Statistical analysÏs showed significant differences among the groups. The lowest leakage values were found in the Fill Canal group followed by the N-Rickert and the Sealer 26 groups.

COMPARISON OF CORONAL MICROLEAKAGE OF CAST POST AND CORE, CEMENTED WITH CONVENTIONAL GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND GLASS IONOMER CEMENT INCORPORATED WITH NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE PARTICLES: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Statement of Problem: Microleakage is one of the major factors that determine the longevity of xed restoration. The type of luting agent used for cementation of post plays an important role in preventing bacterial microleakage. Purpose: To evaluate coronal microleakage of teeth restored with cast post and core cemented with conventional glass ionomer cement and nanohydroxyapatite incorporated glass ionomer cement. Materials and Method: 30 extracted single canal premolars were selected and endodontically treated by step-back technique, followed by obturation with gutta percha using zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Post space was prepared leaving 4mm of apical gutta percha and direct acrylic resin pattern of the root canal was made along with a core, with the help of pinjet system. This was then casted using cobalt-chromium alloy. The specimens were divided into 2 groups in which castings will be cemented using: Group 1, Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement; Group 2, Nano Hydroxyapatite incorporated Glass Ionomer Cement (6 wt%) Cemented teeth were stored in distilled water for 7 days and then immersed in silver nitrate dye for 6 hours followed by photochemical developing solution for 12 hours and nally sectioned into two halves mesiodistally. The degree of linear dye penetration into the coronal part of the specimens at dentin/cement interface was measured using a stereomicroscope at 20x magnication. Result: Coronal microleakage of cast post and core at tooth-cement interface, cemented with glass ionomer cement incorporated with 6% by weight of 80-100nm nano-hydroxyapatite particles and conventional glass ionomer cement were statistically signicant different with p = 0.015 by independent t test. The mean ± SD of conventional GIC was 2.47±0.74 and for nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated GIC was 1.73±0.80. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that the coronal microleakage of cast post and core at tooth-cement interface, cemented with glass ionomer cement incorporated with 6% by weight of 80-100nm nano-hydroxyapatite particles is less than that of conventional glass ionomer cement

Not by Serendipity: Rationally Designed Reversible Temperature-Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence Inversion by Coupling Two Scenarios of Harata-Kodaka's Rule.

Intelligent control over the handedness of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is of special significance in smart optoelectronics, information storage, and data encryption; however, it still remains a great challenge to rationally design a CPL material that displays reversible handedness inversion without changing the system composition. Herein, we show this comes true by coupling the two scenarios of Harata–Kodaka’s rule on the same supramolecular platform of crystalline microtubes self-assembled from surfactant–cyclodextrin host–guest complexes. Upon coassembling a linear dye with its electronic transition dipole moment outside of the cavity of β-CyD, the chirality transfer from the induced chirality of SDS in the SDS@2β-CyD microtubes to the dye generates left-handed CPL at room temperature. Upon elevating temperature, the dye forms inclusion complex with β-CyD, so that right-handed CPL is induced because the polar group of the dye is outside of the cavity of β-CyD. This process is completely reversible. We envision that host–guest chemistry would be very promising in creating smart CPL inversion materials for a vast number of applications.

Evaluation of Extrusion and Apical Seal of Thermafil™ Obturation with and without MTA as an Apical Barrier in Comparison with Lateral Condensation Technique: An In Vitro Study.

Aim and objectiveThis study aimed to compare the apical sealing ability and periapical extrusion in the Thermafil™ obturation technique, with and without an apical barrier of MTA, with lateral condensation technique.Materials and methodsSixty freshly extracted human central incisors were instrumented with the crown down technique and divided into three experimental groups. Group I: lateral condensation technique obturation, group II: Thermafil obturation (DENTSPLY Tulsa), and group III: this group was obturated into two parts; first MTA (ProRoot) was placed in apical 3 mm and later the remaining canal was obturated with Thermafil™ obturation technique (DENTSPLY Tulsa). AH Plus sealer was used in all the groups. Specimens of all the groups were layered with nail paint excluding the apical 3 mm. Twenty-four hours later, all the teeth were suspended in Black India ink for 48 hours. Finally, all the teeth were decalcified, rendered transparent and linear dye leakage and periapical extrusion was measured using ×60 magnification of stereomicroscope with an in-built ruler.ResultsA Chi-square test done to evaluate periapical extrusion showed there was a significant difference found among all the groups (p < 0.05), whereas in case of linear apical dye leakage using a Student's “t” test showed there was no significant difference among all the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionDespite showing apical leakage, the thermo-plasticized gutta-percha obturation technique can be advantageous when used with MTA as an apical barrier since there is no scope for apical extrusion along with the benefit of three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system when compared with the lateral condensation technique.How to cite this articleRao AS, Mathur R, Shah NC, et al. Evaluation of Extrusion and Apical Seal of Thermafil™ Obturation with and without MTA as an Apical Barrier in Comparison with Lateral Condensation Technique: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S40–S44.

Tunable nonlinear optical responses based on host-guest MOF hybrid materials

The realization of tunable nonlinear optical (NLO) responses in a single nano-/micro-structure is extremely important. However, in lack of effective ways to integrate multiple performances, it still faces severe limitations during applications. Herein, we demonstrate a wavelength-dependent NLO micro-structure based on host-guest metal-organic framework (MOF) materials through encapsulating linear dye molecules into periodic one-dimensional (1D) channels. The confinement to non-centrosymmetric polar dye molecules enhances the second-/third-order NLO responses of the hybrid crystals, causing obvious two-photon luminescence (TPL), second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) responses in the as-prepared composites. The highly ordered structures of MOFs impart spatial regulation on the linear dye molecules to realize orientation alignment, resulting in the polarized anisotropy emission. NIR-to-NIR (NIR, near-infrared region) two-photon pumped lasing is realized with the natural whispering gallery mode resonance cavities of MOFs under the excitation of a 1200-nm fs laser. Furthermore, tunable NLO properties such as TPL, SHG and THG are achieved through switching the incident excitation wavelength from 800 to 1500 nm. Such hybrid materials with tunable NLO responses may open a new avenue toward designing multifunctional NLO devices in the future.

Switchable Two‐Photon Pumped Polarized Lasing Performance in Composition‐Graded MOFs Based Heterostructures

AbstractThe manipulation on dual‐/multi‐band multiphoton pumped lasing in a single microcrystal is critically essential and technologically needed, which still faces difficulties such as the lack of effective approaches to integrate various multiphoton gain media while avoiding undesirable energy transfer processes. Herein, for the first time, the switchable dual‐band two‐photon pumped (TPP) lasing is realized by constructing composition‐graded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) heterostructures. The epitaxial growth strategy is adopted for the development of heterostructures, which achieves the hierarchical encapsulation of different linear dye molecules along the 1D channels, thereby effectively restraining unnecessary intermolecular interactions. Strong position dependence of emission response in such deliberately designed heterostructures is observed, enabling a switchable dual‐band TPP polarized lasing through precise selection on excited positions. Furthermore, the excitation wavelength dependence of emission also endows such heterostructures with switchable optical behaviors (two‐photon fluorescence or lasing) via controlling the incident wavelength. The novel heterostructures for switchable dual‐band TPP lasing with uniquely position‐dependent and excitation wavelength‐dependent features open an avenue to develop controllable miniaturized lasers and make such MOFs based micro‐lasers promising for practical applications in future optoelectronic devices.

Impact of Irrigation Solutions on the Apical Sealing Potential of Different Endodontic Sealers Used with the Continuous-wave Obturation Technique: An In vitro Study

Abstract Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of three irrigating solutions on the apical sealing ability of three endodontic sealers. Materials and Methods: One hundred maxillary central incisors were decoronated, and their roots were assigned into three experimental groups (n = 30 each) according to the nature of the irrigating solution and two control groups (n = 5 each). Each experimental group was divided equally into three subgroups (n = 10 each) according to the type of root canal sealer. All root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Universal rotary system and irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl/Group 1), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/Group 2), and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX/Group 3). The final irrigating solutions for all groups were 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and distilled water. The continuous-wave technique was used to fill the prepared canals with the following materials: MTA-Fillapex/Gutta-percha (Subgroup A), AH Plus/Gutta-percha (Subgroup B), and Realseal SE/Realseal (Subgroup C). The microleakage was assessed after 72 hours using the linear dye penetration method. The results were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were found only between the experimental groups (P &lt; 0.05). All root canal sealers after irrigation with 3% H2O2 showed the lowest amount of leakage. The highest apical leakage was observed when 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX were used. Conclusions: The type of irrigating solution could affect the apical sealing ability of experimental sealers used with the continuous-wave obturation technique. Root canal irrigation with 3% H2O2 +17% EDTA increased the apical sealing ability of all root canal sealers. Root canal irrigation with 3% NaOCl or 2% CHX +17% EDTA decreased the apical sealing ability of all root canal sealers.

Coronal microleakage of root canal filled teeth pretreated with ferrie-oxalate or dental bonding agent

An In vitro study was carried out to compare the effects of the Smear layer and the pretreatment of the foot canal wall with tubular occluding desensitizing agent (6% ferric-oxalate) or a bonding agent on the coronal seal of endodontically treated teeth. Seventy freshly extracted human teeth with single and straight canals were used in This study. The teeth were divided into five experimental groups: twelve teeth each, withone positive and one negative control for each. Group I: With intact smear layer, Group II: Without smear layer. Group III: With intact smear layer and with ferric-oxalate painting of the canal walls. Group IV: Without smear layer and with ferric-oxalate painting of the canal walls. Group V: Without smear layer and with bonding agent. After canal obturation the access cavities were exposed to natural saliva then Pelikan ink. Teeth were cleared and linear dye penetration measured. The results showed that the removal of the smear layer significantly increased the tightness of the coronal seal, and pretreatment of the canal walls with ferric-oxalate significantly decreased the coronal microleakage more than with or without smear layer. Using the bonding agent with a hydrophilic primer, after removing the smear layer, showed significantly less microleakage than all other groups.

An In-Vitro Comparison and Analysis of Apical Microleakage of Thermafil, System B and Cold Lateral Compaction Obturation Techniques by using Linear Dye Penetration Measurement Method

An In-Vitro Comparison and Analysis of Apical Microleakage of Thermafil, System B and Cold Lateral Compaction Obturation Techniques by using Linear Dye Penetration Measurement Method

APICAL MICROLEAKAGE OF VARIOUS BIOMATERIALS IN SIMULATED IMMATURE APICES

Background:: In the treatment of open apex teeth, one-step apexification has been reported as an alternative method to the use of long-term calcium hydroxide. Methods:The present study evaluated and compared apical microleakage when ProRoot MTA (Dentsply) (Group I), DiaRoot BioAggregate (Diadent) (Group II) and Biodentine (Septodont) (Group III) were used in the endodontic treatment of the teeth with simulated immature apices. In order to simulate immature teeth, 57 bovine maxillary incisor roots were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 per group). The remaining teeth were included in negative (n=6) and positive (n=6) control groups. The materials were prepared according to the manufacturers instructions and a radiograph was taken for each sample to confirm proper obturation of the samples. Apical microleakage was assessed using the dye penetration technique. Linear dye penetration was measured at 30X magnification and the data were analyzed using ANOVA.Results:Group I showed the lowest apical leakage with a mean dye penetration of 4.64 mm, whereas the leakage was highest in Group II with a mean dye penetration of 5.45 mm. The difference between the leakage in Group I and II was statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.05), but the differences between other groups (Group I-III and Group II-III) were not (p &amp;gt; 0.05).Conclusions:The findings of the present study suggest that MTA has the best sealing ability when used for the obturation of immature apices. Keywords:BioAggregate, Biodentine, Endodontic treatment, Microleakage, MTA