Line Shape Research Articles

First-Principles Modeling of the Absorption Spectrum of Crystal Violet in Solution: The Importance of Environmentally Driven Symmetry Breaking.

Theoretical spectroscopy plays a crucial role in understanding the properties of the materials and molecules. One of the most promising methods for computing optical spectra of chromophores embedded in complex environments from the first principles is the cumulant approach, where both (generally anharmonic) vibrational degrees of freedom and environmental interactions are explicitly accounted for. In this work, we verify the capabilities of the cumulant approach in describing the effect of complex environmental interactions on linear absorption spectra by studying Crystal Violet (CV) in different solvents. The experimental absorption spectrum of CV strongly depends on the nature of the solvent, indicating strong coupling to the condensed-phase environment. We demonstrate that these changes in absorption line shape are driven by an increased splitting between absorption bands of two low-lying excited states that is caused by a breaking of the D3 symmetry of the molecule and that in polar solvents, this symmetry breaking is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions with the condensed-phase environment rather than distortion of the structure of the molecule, in contrast with conclusions reached in a number of previous studies. Our results reveal the importance of explicitly including a counterion in the calculations in nonpolar solvents due to electrostatic interactions between CV and the ion. In polar solvents, these interactions are strongly reduced due to solvent screening effects, thus minimizing the symmetry breaking. Computed spectra in methanol are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experiment, demonstrating the strengths of the outlined approach in modeling strong environmental interactions.

Inhomogeneous broadening effects on bistable behavior in a hybrid optomechanical system

Optical bistability is investigated for optomechanical system composed of an ensemble of inhomogeneously broadened two-level atoms embedded between the two mirrors of the optical cavity, that is subjected to two input (strong and probe) fields. We consider two types of inhomogeneous broadened distributions, namely, Lorentzian and Gaussian line shapes. The first order harmonic components of the output fields (due to the presence of probe field) show reversed and knotted bistability shapes simultaneously with the standard bistable shape of the fundamental component of the field at frequency ωc\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\omega _{c}$$\\end{document}. The inhomogeneous broadened line width for both Lorentzian and Gaussian distribution affects the dispersive switching of the system, as well as the bistable behavior. Locations of the maxima of photon numbers associated with higher harmonics of the output fields are identified with respect to the probe field frequency.

Velocity selective multiple two-photon dark and bright resonances in Potassium vapor

We report the observation of two additional sub-natural line width quantum interferences in the D 2 manifold of 39 K vapor, in addition to the usual single Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) peak. In a typical three level Λ-type system, only one EIT peak is observed. However, here we report observation of two additional line shapes riding on top of the absorption profile. The fact that the hyperfine splitting is smaller than the Doppler width in 39 K allows the probe and control beams to swap their transition pathways in different velocity groups of atoms even when their frequencies are kept constant. Our observations are in striking contrast to standard EIT measurements. These findings are in quantitative agreement with density matrix formalism taking into account velocity-selective two-photon resonances. Owing to the favorably low ground hyperfine splitting (Δ hf ) in 39 K, which allows a significantly large number of atoms with a Doppler shift greater than or equal to the Δ hf , the strength of these additional resonances is strong compared to that of other alkali atoms such as 87 Rb, 133 Cs where these resonances can not be observed. The control photon detuning to atomic transition captures the nature of the coherence; therefore an unusual phenomenon of conversion from perfect transparency to enhanced absorption of the probe photon is observed and explained by utilizing the adiabatic elimination of the excited state in the Master equation. Controlling such dark and bright resonances leads to new applications in quantum technologies such as frequency-offset laser stabilization and long-lived quantum memory.

Second-order spectral line shift comparisons

The second-order spectral line width formulae from the projection operator and kinetic theory methods were recently compared. It was shown that a systematic expansion of the projection operator width expression including initial correlations formally agrees with the second-order kinetic theory result. It is now shown that the second-order dynamic shifts are also formally the same. The static shifts, however, differ due to an ad hoc treatment of electron-electron correlations in the projection operator method. The approximation is necessary in order to screen the radiator-electron interactions. The differences, however, are expected to be small. The results suggest using the rigorous and more compact second-order width and shift expressions from the kinetic theory method as the starting point for spectral line shape calculations. At line center, however, the projection operator second-order expression for the width and shift without initial correlations is simpler and reduces to the kinetic theory result.

Simulation and interpretation of zinc and nitrogen dopants induced defect emissions in monoclinic gallium oxide

Zinc (Zn) and nitrogen (N) are potential acceptor dopants for inducing visible emissions and p-type conductivity in monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3), however, the poor understanding of these dopants and their recombination process severely limited the optoelectronic applications. Here, we investigate the zinc (Zn) and nitrogen (N) dopants-induced intraband states and the broadening of defect emission bands due to vibronic coupling of highly transparent monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) films through chemical and optical analyses, as well as density function theory. Incorporating Zn and N in β-Ga2O3 shifts the valence band edge towards the Fermi levels and introduces band tail states above the valence band maximum. The emission band from pure β-Ga2O3 becomes significantly broad with the incorporation of Zn and N resulting in two additional emission bands: green luminescence (GL) and red luminescence (RL) along with the characteristic ultraviolet luminescence (UVL) and blue luminescence (BL) of pristine β-Ga2O3. Furthermore, the defect states responsible for these UVL, BL, GL, and RL emissions and their phonon coupling strengths are estimated by simulating the spectral line shape of these emission bands using the configuration coordinate model. The simulation results indicate that the Zn and N dopants-induced intraband states are responsible for the GL, and RL bands. These intraband states are acceptors, which provide p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 film.

Accurate reference spectra of HD in an H2–He bath for planetary applications

Context. The hydrogen deuteride (HD) molecule is an important deuterium tracer in astrophysical studies. The atmospheres of gas giants are dominated by molecular hydrogen, and the simultaneous observation of H2 and HD lines provides reliable information on the D/H ratios on these planets. The reference spectroscopic parameters play a crucial role in such studies. Under the thermodynamic conditions encountered in these atmospheres, spectroscopic studies of HD require not only the knowledge of line intensities and positions but also accurate reference data on pressure-induced line shapes and shifts. Aims. Our aim is to provide accurate collision-induced line-shape parameters for HD lines that cover any thermodynamic conditions relevant to the atmospheres of giant planets, namely any relevant temperature, pressure, and perturbing gas composition (the H2–He mixture). Methods. We performed quantum-scattering calculations on our new, highly accurate ab initio potential energy surface (PES), and we used scattering S matrices obtained in this way to determine the collision-induced line-shape parameters. We used cavity ring-down spectroscopy to validate our theoretical methodology. Results. We report accurate collision-induced line-shape parameters for the pure rotational R(0), R(1), and R(2) lines, the most relevant HD lines for investigations of the atmospheres of the giant planets. Besides the basic Voigt-profile collisional parameters (i.e., the broadening and shift parameters), we also report their speed dependences and the complex Dicke parameter, which can influence the effective width and height of the HD lines up to almost a factor of 2 for giant planet conditions. The sub-percent-level accuracy reached in this work is a considerable improvement over previously available data. All the reported parameters (and their temperature dependences) are consistent with the HITRAN database format, hence allowing for the use of the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI) for generating the beyond-Voigt spectra of HD.

Inspiration as a primary catalyst for the creative process of typography design

This research dealt with the definition of typography and its origins, how to design and the search for auxiliary elements in designing the typography and identifying the mechanisms for benefiting from inspiration and typography together, advertising in several fields such as: industrial design, graphic design, and the search for the shape of lines in typographic design. Therefore, the research problem is trying to answer About a number of questions The most important of which is why the typography does not receive enough attention and focus, despite its plastic aesthetics?. The aim of the research is to identify the extent of interest in typography design and focus despite its plastic aesthetics, to identify the auxiliary elements in designing the typography, and to identify the form that the letter may take in the typography. The research concluded that the designer must be aware of the relationship of the part to the part, which means the parts, shapes, colors, lines and surface values, and the relationship of the part to the part means the method in which each part of the design combines with the other to create a sense of the continuous link between these parts and to confirm its fullness, and it is possible to support the artist Unity and continuity between the parts of the design, taking into account the positive and negative spaces and the equality of importance between them, so he begins to design it with the negative space - the ground spaces. Keywords: typography, typography, design, typography inspiration

Axial H-Bonding Solvent Controls Inhomogeneous Spectral Broadening, While Peripheral H-Bonding Solvent Controls Vibronic Broadening: Cresyl Violet in Methanol.

The dynamics of the nuclei of both a chromophore and its condensed-phase environment control many spectral features, including the vibronic and inhomogeneous broadening present in spectral line shapes. For the cresyl violet chromophore in methanol, we here analyze and isolate the effect of specific chromophore-solvent interactions on simulated spectral densities, reorganization energies, and linear absorption spectra. Employing both chromophore and its condensed-phase environment control many spectral features, including the vibronic and inhomogeneous broadening present in spectral line shapes. For the cresyl violet chromophore in methanol, we here analyze and isolate the effect of specific chromophore-solvent interactions on simulated spectral densities, reorganization energies, and linear absorption spectra. Employing both force field and ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories along with the inclusion of only certain solvent molecules in the excited-state calculations, we determine that the methanol molecules axial to the chromophore are responsible for the majority of inhomogeneous broadening, with a single methanol molecule that forms an axial hydrogen bond dominating the response. The strong peripheral hydrogen bonds do not contribute to spectral broadening, as they are very stable throughout the dynamics and do not lead to increased energy-gap fluctuations. We also find that treating the strong peripheral hydrogen bonds as molecular mechanical point charges during the molecular dynamics simulation underestimates the vibronic coupling. Including these peripheral hydrogen bonding methanol molecules in the quantum-mechanical region in a geometry optimization increases the vibronic coupling, suggesting that a more advanced treatment of these strongly interacting solvent molecules during the molecular dynamics trajectory may be necessary to capture the full vibronic spectral broadening.

Effect of Cage Occupancies on Molecular Vibrations of Methane in Structure H Clathrate Hydrate: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

The structure H (sH) of methane hydrate, which has a distinctive structure with large (LL) cages capable of encapsulating multiple methane molecules, has been suggested as a methane reservoir in large icy bodies such as Titan, making it important in planetary science. This high-pressure phase, which exists in the GPa range, lends itself to the study of methane states and dynamics using powerful experimental techniques such as IR and Raman spectroscopy. However, the interpretation of the vibrational spectra of methane in the sH structure has been challenging because of the spectral complexities. The signals attributed to the methane molecules in the LL cage, as well as those of the other two cage types, overlap in the spectra. In this study, we investigated the microscopic origins of the shape of the C-H stretching vibration spectrum of methane in the LL cage using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. For a single methane molecule in the LL cage, the ν3 band of the C-H stretching mode was observed at a higher frequency typical of isolated molecules in vacuum due to the large size of the LL cage. As the number of methane molecules in the LL cage increased beyond one, a tendency to blue-shift with increasing methane occupancy was observed, consistent with a loose-cage-tight-cage model. By characterizing the time correlation function of methane stretching vibrations based on the solvation number of methane and water molecules proximal to methane within the LL cage, we showed that the complicated spectral line shape observed in cases of higher methane occupancy in the LL cage resulted from the wider variation of the solvation shell states. Analysis of the solvation structures of the AIMD trajectories provided interpretations of the experimental spectral line shape, demonstrating the complementary nature of AIMD to the experiment and its effectiveness in analysis.

A time averaged semiclassical approach to IR spectroscopy.

We propose a new semiclassical approach to the calculation of molecular IR spectra. The method employs the time averaging technique of Kaledin and Miller upon symmetrization of the quantum dipole-dipole autocorrelation function. Spectra at high and low temperatures are investigated. In the first case, we are able to point out the possible presence of hot bands in the molecular absorption line shape. In the second case, we are able to reproduce accurate IR spectra as demonstrated by a calculation of the IR spectrum of the water molecule, which is within 4% of the exact intensity. Our time averaged IR spectra can be directly compared to time averaged semiclassical power spectra as shown in an application to the CO2molecule, which points out the differences between IR and power spectra and demonstrates that our new approach can identify active IR transitions correctly. Overall, the method features excellent accuracy in calculating absorption intensities and provides estimates for the frequencies of vibrations in agreement with the corresponding power spectra. In perspective, this work opens up the possibility to interface the new method with the semiclassical techniques developed for power spectra, such as the divide-and-conquer one, to get accurate IR spectra of complex and high-dimensional molecular systems.

Quantification of alloy atomic composition sites in 2D ternary MoS2(1-x)Se2x and their role in persistent photoconductivity, enhanced photoresponse and photo-electrocatalysis

Engineering transition metal dichalcogenides-based semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) layered materials for photo(electro)chemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by water splitting is an enduring challenge. Here, alloy-assisted photoconductivity and photoresponse from CVD-grown MoS2(1-x)Se2x (MSSE) 2D ternary atomic layered alloy-based photodetector device is presented for the realization of PEC HER. The explicit role of ‘S–Se’ and ‘Se2’ atomic alloy sites including chalcogen-induced vacancy defects on the photoconductivity/photoresponse and PEC HER performance of MSSE 2D alloy is investigated. Alloy formation, atomic site-by-site ‘Se’ composition and atomic structure are characterized using Raman/Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, high-angle annular dark field (HAADF)- scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) extensively and supported with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) mapping. Further, the local density and concentration of S–Se, Se2 atomic sites and defects were quantitatively estimated using HAADF-STEM image analysis in correlation with AES and it is found between the range of ∼15–20 % in MSSE alloy. A 10-fold high photoresponsivity in the case of MSSE concerning as-grown MS having fast photocurrent growth time and the prolonged decay time originates from the ‘Se’ and this alloy assisted states to enhance the PEC performance of MSSE alloy. The enhanced PEC HER activity of MSSE alloy was identified in terms of overpotential and current density. In addition, increased density of states as a function of ‘Se’ alloying, shifts in a p-band centre and lowers ΔGH* according to density functional theory calculations, which makes MSSE alloy an efficient HER activity. Further, the PEC stability and presence of the ‘S–Se’ and ‘Se2’ alloying and their role towards HER have been correlated by the spectral line shape analysis of PL and Raman spectra from post-PEC HER catalysts. These experimental and theoretical findings establish the role of chalcogen, and transition metal-based 2D alloy, leading to the design of new PECs of engineered 2D atomic layer interfaces.

Full correction of the self-absorption of laser-induced plasma beryllium emissions via sample preparation

Self-absorption effect is always encountered in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and immediately distorts the calibration curves especially for the elemental determination of complex materials. With the aim to provide an expeditious approach for LIBS measurements susceptible to self-absorption effect, an exploratory study for sample preparation by powder mixing is implemented, and the self-absorption of laser-induced plasma beryllium emissions is investigated as a function of the dilution factor. For comparison, boric acid and wax powder are separately used as typical binding agent to mix with beryl powder to produce two sets of pressed pellets with sequential gradient of beryllium content variation. For the resonant lines most prone to self-absorption of Be II emission doublet at 313.042 nm and 313.107 nm, the beryllium spectral line shapes can be directly regulated and improved in the case of both sets of pellets as the dilution factor increases. In addition, the self-absorption effect for the strongly emitting beryllium spectral lines is further assessed by calculating the self-absorption coefficients based on the radiation transport equation. With regard to the both types of binder as diluent, when the dilution factor for beryl increases to 10 with a weight percent of 0.386% for beryllium in the pellet, the SA values may exponentially increase in general to around 0.8 and eventually asymptotically approaches to 1 without exception. Thus the self-absorption effect of laser-induced beryl plasma emissions can be readily overcome with sample preparation by powder mixing. By contrast with laser pulse irradiance in the present work, the dilution factor for powder mixing plays a dominant role in eliminating self-absorption effect. This research proposes a potentially effective approach to reduce self-absorption in laser-induced plasma emissions.

High-Pressure Induced Continuous Structural Evolution of Kagome Antiferromagnet MgMn3(OH)6Cl2: A Structural Analogue to Quantum Spin Liquid Herbertsmithite.

MgMn3(OH)6Cl2 serves readily as the classical Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnet lattice spin frustration material, due to its similarity to herbertsmithite in composition and crystal structure. In this work, nanosheets of MgMn3(OH)6Cl2 are synthesized through a solid-phase reaction. Low-temperature magnetic measurements revealed two antiferromagnetic transitions, occurring at ∼8 and 55 K, respectively. Utilizing high-pressure synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction techniques, the topological structural evolution of MgMn3(OH)6Cl2 under pressures up to 24.8 GPa was investigated. The sample undergoes a second-order structural phase transition from the rhombohedral phase to the monoclinic phase at pressures exceeding 7.8 GPa. Accompanying the disappearance of the Fano-like line shape in the high-pressure Raman spectra were the emergence of new Raman active modes and discontinuities in the variations of Raman shifts in the high-frequency region. The phase transition to a structure with lower symmetry was attributed to the pressure-induced enhancement of cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion, which is caused by the mutual substitution of Mn2+ ions from the kagome layer and Mg2+ ions from the triangular interlayer. High-pressure ultraviolet-visible absorption measurements support the structural evolution. This research provides a robust experimental approach and physical insights for further exploration of classical geometrical frustration materials with kagome lattice.

Unraveling the Nature of Spin Coupling in a Metal-Free Diradical: Theoretical Distinction of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Interactions.

Metal-free diradicals based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are promising candidates for organic spintronics due to their stable magnetism and tunable spin coupling. However, distinguishing and elucidating the origins of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in these systems remain challenging. Here, we investigate the 2-OS diradical molecule sandwiched between gold electrodes using a combined density functional theory and hierarchical equations of motion approach. We find that the dihedral angle between the radical moieties controls the nature and strength of the intramolecular spin coupling, transitioning smoothly from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic as the angle increases. Distinct features in the inelastic electron tunneling spectra are identified that can discern the two coupling regimes, including spin excitation steps whose energies directly reveal the exchange coupling constant. Mechanical stretching of the junction is predicted to modulate the spectral line shapes by adjusting the hybridization of the molecular radicals with the electrodes. Our work elucidates the electronic origin of tunable spin interactions in 2-OS and provides spectroscopic fingerprints for characterizing magnetism in metal-free diradicals.

Measurement of e+e−→ηJ/ψ cross section from s=3.808 GeV to 4.951 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 22.42 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, we measure the cross sections of the e+e−→ηJ/ψ process at center-of-mass energies from 3.808 to 4.951 GeV. Three structures are observed in the line shape of the measured cross sections. A maximum-likelihood fit with ψ(4040), two additional resonances, and a nonresonant component are performed. The mass and width of the first additional state are (4219.7±2.5±4.5) MeV/c2 and (80.7±4.4±1.4) MeV, respectively, consistent with the ψ(4230). For the second state, the mass and width are (4386±13±17) MeV/c2 and (177±32±13) MeV, respectively, consistent with the ψ(4360). The first uncertainties are statistical, and the second ones are systematic. The statistical significance of ψ(4040) is 8.0σ and those for ψ(4230) and ψ(4360) are more than 10.0σ. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Electron-induced hydrogen desorption from selected polymers (polyacetylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl-methacrylate)

Elastic Peak Electron Spectroscopy, abbreviated as EPES, involves the analysis of the line shape found in the elastic peak. The reduction in the energy of electrons within the elastic peak is a result of energy being transferred to the target atoms, a phenomenon referred to as recoil energy. EPES distinguishes itself among electron spectroscopies by its unique ability to identify hydrogen in polymers and hydrogenated carbon-based materials. This distinctiveness is particularly notable because lighter elements demonstrate more pronounced energy shifts. The detection of hydrogen in polymers entails measuring the energy difference between the positions of the carbon (or carbon+oxygen) elastic peak and the hydrogen elastic peak. This difference tends to increase as the kinetic energy of the incident electrons rises. Concerning hydrogen peak intensity, electron beam-induced damage represents a critical aspect of EPES, as hydrogen desorbs under electron irradiation. In this study, the Monte Carlo method was employed to simulate EPES spectra involving electrons interacting with polyacetylene (C2H2), polyethylene (C2H4), polystyrene (C8H8), and polymethyl-methacrylate (C5H8O2) and to evaluate electron-induced hydrogen desorption from these polymers.

Variations in Line Profiles of Atomic Transitions in RR Lyrae Stars

We have investigated the absorption shapes of atomic lines and Hα in RR Lyrae stars. We used the database of high-resolution spectra gathered with the Las Campanas Observatory du Pont Telescope, analyzing a set of about 2700 short exposure spectra of 17 RRab and 5 RRc variables. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra for each star, we first coadded spectra in small photometric phase bins, and then coadded metallic line profiles in velocity space. The resulting line absorption shapes vary with photometric phase in a consistent manner for all RRab stars, while exhibiting no obvious phase-related variations for the RRc stars. We interpret these line profile variations in terms of velocity gradients in the photospheric layers that produce absorption line profiles. The Hα profiles are much broader, indicative of shock temperatures of order 100,000 K.

Pulse interaction induced systematic errors in dual comb spectroscopy

Systematic errors are observed in dual comb spectroscopy when pulses from the two sources travel in a common fiber before interrogating the sample of interest. When sounding a molecular gas, these errors distort both the line shapes and retrieved concentrations. Simulations of dual comb interferograms based on a generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation highlight two processes for these systematic errors. Self-phase modulation changes the spectral content of the field interrogating the molecular response but affects the recorded spectral baseline and absorption features differently, leading to line intensity errors. Cross-phase modulation modifies the relative inter-pulse delay, thus introducing interferogram sampling errors and creating a characteristic asymmetric distortion on spectral lines. Simulations capture the shape and amplitude of experimental errors which are around 0.1% on spectral transmittance residuals for 10 mW of total average power in 10 meters of common fiber, scaling up to above 0.6% for 20 mW and 60 m.

Theory of 2D electronic spectroscopy of water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP): Signatures of Chl b derivate.

We investigate how electronic excitations and subsequent dissipative dynamics in the water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP) are connected to features in two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra, thereby comparing results from our theoretical approach with experimental data from the literature. Our calculations rely on third-order response functions, which we derived from a second-order cumulant expansion of the dissipative dynamics involving the partial ordering prescription, assuming a fast vibrational relaxation in the potential energy surfaces of excitons. Depending on whether the WSCP complex containing a tetrameric arrangement of pigments composed of two dimers with weak excitonic coupling between them binds the chlorophyll variant Chl a or Chl b, the resulting linear absorption and circular dichroism spectra and particularly the 2D spectra exhibit substantial differences in line shapes. These differences between Chl a WSCP and Chl b WSCP cannot be explained by the slightly modified excitonic couplings within the two variants. In the case of Chl a WSCP, the assumption of equivalent dimer subunits facilitates a reproduction of substantial features from the experiment by the calculations. In contrast, for Chl b WSCP, we have to assume that the sample, in addition to Chl b dimers, contains a small but distinct fraction of chemically modified Chl b pigments. The existence of such Chl b derivates has been proposed by Pieper et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 115, 4042 (2011)] based on low-temperature absorption and hole-burning spectroscopy. Here, we provide independent evidence.

First Observation of a Three-Resonance Structure in e+e−→Nonopen Charm Hadrons

We report the measurement of the inclusive cross sections for e+e−→nOCH (where nOCH denotes non-open charm hadrons) with improved precision at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV. We observe three resonances: R(3760), R(3780), and R(3810) with significances of 8.1σ, 13.7σ, and 8.8σ, respectively. The R(3810) state is observed for the first time, while the R(3760) and R(3780) states are observed for the first time in the nOCH cross sections. Two sets of resonance parameters describe the energy-dependent line shape of the cross sections well. In set I [set II], the R(3810) state has mass (3805.7±1.1±2.7) [(3805.7±1.1±2.7)] MeV/c2, total width (11.6±2.9±1.9) [(11.5±2.8±1.9)] MeV, and an electronic width multiplied by the nOCH decay branching fraction of (10.9±3.8±2.5) [(11.0±3.4±2.5)] eV. In addition, we measure the branching fractions B[R(3760)→nOCH]=(25.2±16.1±30.4)%[(6.4±4.8±7.7)%] and B[R(3780)→nOCH]=(12.3±6.6±8.3)%[(10.4±4.8±7.0)%] for the first time. The R(3760) state can be interpreted as an open-charm (OC) molecular state, but containing a simple four-quark state component. The R(3810) state can be interpreted as a hadrocharmonium state. Published by the American Physical Society 2024