Shield tunnel is prone to longitudinal differential settlement due to the characteristics such as segmental linings and unpredictable changes in multiple uncertain environments. Excessive differential settlement may deteriorate the safety and operational serviceability of the shield tunnel. Resilience has been increasingly applied in structural performance assessment given that it can evaluate the ability of structure to absorb the disruption and to restore the performance level. However, the resilience index and analysis framework for tunnels are quite vague and still in the developing phase. In this paper, a resilience analysis framework is introduced, and the detailed model to quantify the resilience of shield tunnel is presented. The cumulative settlement, maximum, and average value of differential settlement are selected as the performance indexes, because they can reflect the ability of the tunnel to ensure the structural safety and meet the waterproof requirements of the circumferential joints. Then, the effects of these indexes are analyzed using a real case in Shanghai. The results show that the resilience grades calculated using the three performance indexes are different, and the cumulative settlement is regarded as the better index.