Separate Lines Research Articles

Generation of Mouse Model of Hemophilia A by Introducing Novel Mutations, Using CRISPR/Nickase Gene Targeting System.

Developing mouse models of hemophilia A has been shown to facilitate in vivo studies to explore the probable mechanism(s) underlying the disease and to examine the efficiency of the relevant potential therapeutics. This study aimed to knockout (KO) the coagulation factor viii (fviii) gene in NMRI mice, using CRISPR/Cas9 (D10A/nickase) system, to generate a mouse model of hemophilia A. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), designed from two distinct regions on NMRI mouse FVIII (mFVIII) exon 3, were designed and inserted in the pX335 vector, expressing both sgRNAs and nickase. The recombinant construct was delivered into mouse zygotes and implanted into the pseudopregnant female mice's uterus. Mutant mice were identified by genotyping, genomic sequencing, and mFVIII activity assessment. Two separate lines of hemophilia A were obtained through interbreeding the offspring of the female mice receiving potential CRISPR-Cas9-edited zygotes. Genomic DNA analysis revealed disruptions of the mfviii gene reading frame through a 22-bp deletion and a 23-bp insertion in two separate founder mice. The founder mice showed all the clinical signs of hemophilia A including; excessive bleeding after injuries, and spontaneous bleeding in joints and other organs. Coagulation test data showed that mFVIII coagulation activity was significantly diminished in the mFVIII knockout (FVIIIKO) mice compared to normal mice. The CRISPR/nickase system was successfully applied to generate mouse lines with the knockout fviii gene. The two novel FVIIIKO mice demonstrated all clinical symptoms of hemophilia A, which could be successfully inherited. Therefore, both of the developed FVIIIKO mouse lines are eligible for being considered as proper mouse models of hemophilia A for in vivo therapeutic studies.

Suppression of vortex-induced vibration of an elastically mounted sphere by electromagnetic force

In this paper, electromagnetic force on two degrees of freedom vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted sphere for vibration suppression is numerically achieved at Re = 300. The relations between the wake structures, velocity and pressure distributions, force coefficients, and sphere displacement are investigated by varying the interaction parameter (N) of electromagnetic force. With the increase in N, the momentum of the fluid near the sphere is enhanced to control the flow separation. Therefore, both the rotation radii of the rear stagnation point (RSP) and the separation line (SL) decrease, causing the spiral vortices to become thinner. This leads to a reduction in the fluctuation amplitude of the lift coefficient and mitigates the VIV. As N exceeds 0.5, the periodic spiral vortices transform into a steady double-thread wake due to the stopping of RSP and SL rotation. Therefore, a constant lift is generated in the z-direction due to the asymmetric flow field in the x–z plane, which is accompanied by the VIV fully suppressed. Moreover, the effect of electromagnetic locations (θm) on vibration suppression is examined. With the increase of θm, the vibration suppression efficiency increases first and then decreases, which achieves the maximum vibration suppression efficiency at θm = 125°. The reason is that the electromagnetic force covers the location of the half-circle-shaped SL, which has a significant effect on the control of the flow separation.

Читая «Воспоминания» Т.Н. Ливановой: портреты современников. Часть II

The article continues a series of studies devoted to the three-volume Memoirs by T.N. Livanova the publication of which is being prepared at the State Institute for Art Studies. The article considers several types of verbal portraits created by the memoirist. First, these are images of the people Livanova got acquainted with in the evacuation. Nowadays, almost nothing is known about them and it is the features of the text as such that remain the object of research. Another collection is made up of portraits of Livanova’s students, some of whom gained an odious reputation. A separate line of memoirs consists of “double” portraits not of musicians or musicologists but representatives of allied specializations of the humanities. Finally, roughly in the middle of Livanova’s narrative is an extended, multi-figured canvas dedicated to the Wipper family.

Proteasomes Are Critical for Maintenance of CD133+CD24+ Kidney Progenitor Cells.

Kidney progenitor cells, although rare and dispersed, play a key role in the repair of renal tubules after acute kidney damage. However, understanding these cells has been challenging due to the limited access to primary renal tissues and the absence of immortalized cells to model kidney progenitors. Previously, our laboratory utilized the renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, and the flow cytometry technique to sort and establish a kidney progenitor cell model called Human Renal Tubular Precursor TERT (HRTPT) which expresses CD133 and CD24 and exhibits the characteristics of kidney progenitors, such as self-renewal capacity and multi-potential differentiation. In addition, a separate cell line was established, named Human Renal Epithelial Cell 24 TERT (HREC24T), which lacks CD133 expression and shows no progenitor features. To further characterize HRTPT CD133+CD24+ progenitor cells, we performed proteomic profiling which showed high proteasomal expression in HRTPT kidney progenitor cells. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis showed that HRTPT cells possess higher proteasomal expression and activity compared to HREC24T non-progenitor cells. Importantly, inhibition of the proteasomes with bortezomib reduced the expression of progenitor markers and obliterated the potential for self-renewal and differentiation of HRTPT progenitor cells. In conclusion, proteasomes are critical in preserving progenitor markers expression and self-renewal capacity in HRTPT kidney progenitors.

А. G. Rubinstein’s “The Tower of Babel”. Methods of Opera Dramaturgy

To date, A. G. Rubinstein’s opera “The Tower of Babel” (1869) has not received any detailed discussion in musicology. The conclusions of the analysis made in this article are compared with the key provisions of Rubinstein’s letter (1882) devoted to the characteristic features of the genre of “sacred opera”. The analysis of the dramaturgy of “The Tower of Babel” opera is based on the structure of the opera as a whole, the work with the biblical plot, the confl ict of the main characters, the genre spectrum of their statements, and the signifi cance of the choral scenes and numbers. The specifi c imagery of the opera’s scenes is formed through the interaction of the main characters and choruses of different characters — human, angel and demon, while the musical characterisation of the philosophically generalised main characters — Nimrod and Abraham — forms a separate confl ict line of development. These vectors make it possible to identify a combination of lyrical-dramatic and epic features in the opera as a peculiarity of the genre of sacred opera.

Stability and Welfare in (Dichotomous) Hedonic Diversity Games

In a hedonic diversity game (HDG) there are two types of agents (red and blue agents) that need to form disjoint coalitions, i.e., subgroups of agents. Each agent’s preferences over the coalitions depend on the relative number of agents of the same type in her coalition. In the special case of a dichotomous hedonic diversity game (DHDG) each agent distinguishes between approved and disapproved fractions only. We aim at outcomes that are stable against agents’ deviations, and at outcomes that maximize social welfare. In particular, we show that the strict core of a DHDG may be empty even in instances with only three agents, while each HDG with two agents has a non-empty strict core. We also provide several computational complexity results for DHDGs with respect to the number of fractions approved per agent. For instance, we prove that deciding whether a DHDG has a non-empty strict core is NP\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {NP}$$\\end{document}-complete even when each agent approves of at most three fractions. In addition, we show that deciding whether a DHDG admits a Nash stable outcome is NP\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {NP}$$\\end{document}-complete even in restricted settings with only two approved fractions per agent—therewith, improving a result in the literature. For the task of maximizing social welfare, we apply approval scores and Borda scores from voting theory. For DHDGs and approval scores, we draw the sharp separation line between polynomially solvable and NP\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {NP}$$\\end{document}-complete cases with respect to the fixed number of approved fractions per agent. We complement these findings with an NP\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {NP}$$\\end{document}-completeness result for HDGs under Borda scores.

Research on address calibration technology for ternary optical computer decoder

In order to cope with the physical bottleneck of the development of electronic computers, the development of various new computers has attracted extensive attention. Ternary Optical Computer (TOC) is unique in the development of optical computer, from principle to experiment, then to algorithm and application. At present, decoding is the main problem faced by TOC. Aiming at the problem of decoding for TOC, an address calibration technique is designed and implemented in this paper, including address calibration strategy, field parallelism detection, solving separator line algorithm. Contrast to photonic crystals, which can decode logic 0 and 1, our decoder can recognize three logic values, 0, 1 and u. Since 3 is closer to the natural constant e than 2, and e-nary has the highest coding efficiency, our 3-valued encoding and decoding is more efficient. Finally, through the experiment on the TOC prototype SD16, the effectiveness of the decoder address calibration technology is verified. The address calibration technique lays a foundation for further promoting the development of TOC.

A new perspective on behavior-based sales control system and salespersons’ job outcomes: an outbound pharmaceutical sales perspective

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the direct effect of the behavior-based sales control system on job outcomes: salesperson’s performance and turnover intentions. The current study also intends to integrate these two streams by conceptualizing work engagement as a mediating variable between behavior-based sales control systems and salespersons’ job outcomes in the pharmaceutical sales context.Design/methodology/approachData was collected through multi-stage stratified random sampling from a sample of 619 salespersons working in 20 pharmaceutical firms (multinational and national) through self-administered questionnaires.FindingsThe structural equation model yielded results indicating that the behavior-based sales control system was positively related to salespersons’ work engagement and negatively to turnover intentions while the relationship between the behavior-based sales control system and salespersons’ job outcomes was mediated by work engagement.Originality/valueTwo relatively separate lines of investigation have appeared in academic literature. The first line centered on sales force control systems and salespersons’ related consequences, whereas the second line of investigation emphasizes work engagement and its consequences. Although both lines are important, a diminutive research effort has been made to join these two different lines of investigation in sales management, specifically, in the pharmaceutical context. Focusing on this, the current research explores the role of an unexplored construct of work engagement in a pharmaceutical sales context. Second, it addresses the need to identify additional mediating variables to clarify the inconsistent relationship between sales control systems and job outcomes, such as job performance and turnover intentions.

Technological Transfer Channels of Food and Beverage Processing Multinationals to Host Countries: An Empirical Analysis

This research examines the possibility of food and beverage (F&B)-processing multinational corporations serving as a viable conduit for the international diffusion of technology. It utilizes existing literature to analyse three potential avenues through which technology transfer occurs from these corporations to host sectors: contract farming, domestic collaboration for innovation, and spillover effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In specific instances, these firms might provide support to local innovators through financial assistance or complementary resources. Additionally, they may actively facilitate technology transfers to particular types of local partners and they may generate demonstration effects. Nevertheless, the prevailing evidence consistently indicates that the impact of FDI on the host sector is generally limited or selective. The findings of this study cast doubt on the overly optimistic views held by international organizations and host governments regarding FDI in the food sector as a major source of cutting-edge technology for host countries. The incentives offered to food and beverage multinationals should be carefully calibrated to strike a balance between acknowledging potential benefits to the sector's innovation system and maintaining a realistic perspective on the actual outcomes. This study combines and analyses three separate empirical lines of research in parallel to offer factual elements for a policy debate. By integrating these different research approaches, the study aims to contribute to a well-informed discussion on relevant policy matters.

Преднамеренная искусственная деформация у населения позднесарматского времени (палеопатологический аспект)

Introduction. Intentional artificial head deformation is one of the most striking features of the late Sarmatian nomads from the Eastern European steppes. For quite a long time, archaeologists and anthropologists tried to solve the issues associated with this custom’s emergence and existence in the population of the 2nd – 4 th centuries AD. Later, the question of the deforming structure’s impact on the normal life of a person became a separate research line for the phenomenon of artificial cranial deformation in the late Sarmatians. Methods and materials. 155 craniums of sexually mature late Sarmatian populations (2nd – 4th centuries AD) originating from under the burial mounds in the territory of the Lower Volga region were the material for the study. Comparison of pathological conditions occurrence between the deformed and undeformed skull groups was carried out using nonparametric tests: Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test. Results. Comparative analysis of pathological conditions occurrence on deformed and undeformed skulls in late Sarmatian time has shown that the only deviation in which the compared series differ significantly is temporomandibular joint arthritis. Discussion. The frequency and degree of articular disease development in late Sarmatians with intentional artificial head deformities increase with age. The age-related variability of arthrotic changes in the mandibular joint area indicates the involutionary nature of this condition. At the same time, the absence of statistical differences between age groups in the distribution frequencies of this pathology and its wide distribution in young individuals under 35 years of age suggest that artificial skull deformation is one of the factors stimulating its development. Conclusions. Degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint area are a statistically more widespread pathology in deformed skulls. The absence of gender differences between the deformed and undeformed skulls in the late Sarmatians, as well as the groups of pathologies associated with diet and the degree of negative factors impacting the natural and social environment, indicates that this custom in the late Sarmatian society did not carry the function of gender or social differentiation. The use of a modifying structure for deliberate artificial cranial deformation is quite compatible with normal human life, and its use did not subsequently lead to the development of serious skull and brain pathologies.

Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Single-Use and Multi-Use Surgical Staplers with Staple Line Buttressing in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.

Operation rooms have a large environmental impact. Single-use staplers (SUS) are widely used surgical instruments that contribute to resource consumption and waste generation, whereas multi-use staplers (MUS) can greatly reduce the environmental impact of surgery. The staple lines are often reinforced with buttressing material to prevent leaks and bleeding. We explore current clinical practice and environmental concerns regarding stapling and buttressing, as well as the environmental impact of staple line buttressing in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Furthermore, we extend this analysis by taking packaging material and the lithium in power supplies into consideration. A survey of bariatric surgeons was conducted to assess stapler and buttressing use in clinical practice. We deconstructed and analyzed the product and packaging composition of a commonly used SUS with separate staple line reinforcement (Echelon Flex™ with Echelon Endopath™, Ethicon) and MUS (Signia™ with Tri-Staple™ reinforced reloads, Medtronic), where the buttressing material was delivered separately or already incorporated in the reload cartridge, respectively. Both systems were compared regarding total waste generation, resource use (determined as total material requirement), and greenhouse gas emission caused by their lithium content. 60 mm cartridges were most frequently used in bariatric surgery, and 67% of surveyed surgeons applied staple line reinforcement. MUS with pre-attached buttressing resulted in a reduction of waste, material consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to SUS with separate buttressing: they reduced product waste by 40% (SG and RYBG), packaging waste by 60% (SG) and 57% (RYGB), resource consumption by more than 90%, and greenhouse gas emissions related to the lithium in the batteries by 99.7%. Preloaded buttressing produced less waste than separate buttressing per stapler firing. The environmental impact of surgery can be greatly reduced by using MUS with pre-attached buttressing rather than SUS with separate buttressing.

Driver Digital Twin for Online Prediction of Personalized Lane-Change Behavior

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are supposed to share the road with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) in a foreseeable future. Therefore, considering the mixed traffic environment is more pragmatic, as the well-planned operation of CAVs may be interrupted by HDVs. In the circumstance that human behaviors have significant impacts, CAVs need to understand HDV behaviors to make safe actions. In this study, we develop a Driver Digital Twin (DDT) for the online prediction of personalized lane change behavior, allowing CAVs to predict surrounding vehicles’ behaviors with the help of the digital twin technology. DDT is deployed on a vehicle-edge-cloud architecture, where the cloud server models the driver behavior for each HDV based on the historical naturalistic driving data, while the edge server processes the real-time data from each driver with his/her digital twin on the cloud to predict the personalized lane change maneuver. The proposed system is first evaluated on a human-in-the-loop co-simulation platform, and then in a field implementation with three passenger vehicles driving along an on/off ramp segment connecting to the edge server and cloud through the 4G/LTE cellular network. The lane change intention can be recognized in 6 seconds on average before the vehicle crosses the lane separation line, and the Mean Euclidean Distance between the predicted trajectory and GPS ground truth is 1.03 meters within a 4-second prediction window. Compared to the general model, using a personalized model can improve prediction accuracy by 27.8%. The demonstration video of the proposed system can be watched at https://youtu.be/5cbsabgIOdM.

Determination of Anatolian Honeybee Biodiversity by Wing Characters

In this study, we report that there were five different subspecies and three different ecotypes defined so far in Türkiye, which has a rich biodiversity in terms of honeybee subspecies. However, recently, it has been thought that the current biodiversity is in danger of extinction due to the commercial queen bee supply and the migratory beekeeping activities from a single source. This study uses the morphometric method to reveal the current status of honeybee biodiversity in Türkiye. For this purpose, a total of 3186 worker bees were studied by samplings from 19 different provinces to represent the honeybee races and ecotypes distributed in Türkiye. We made wing preparations and established 19 landmarks on the right forewings using the BAB BsPro200 program. The program automatically obtained the wing’s metrics’ angle, length, and index values via these 19 landmarks. We used Discriminant function analysis to determine intragroup and intergroup variations by taking the colony averages from data obtained from 31 morphological characters. Given the canonical discriminant function analysis and UPGMA dendrogram, Zonguldak, Düzce, Sakarya, Artvin, Ardahan, and Trabzon constituted a group, and Edirne, Kilis, Van, and Isparta formed a separate group. Hakkari, Kahramanmaraş, and Ordu provinces formed a separate line together. On the other hand, the group centers of Kars and Kırklareli, two different ends of Türkiye, overlapped and formed a close line with Isparta. As a result, this study revealed that, although the protection measures taken at the local level effectively protected the honeybee biodiversity, these measures are insufficient.

Characteristics of Separation-Bubble Formation on Finite Circular Cylinder in Critical Transition Range

Experiments were conducted for three finite circular cylinder models for which the aspect ratios were two, three and four, respectively, in the critical transition range. Oil-film flow visualization was performed at Reynolds numbers at the initiation of the critical transition range, which unveiled the three-dimensionality and nonstationarity of multiple separation lines on each of the model surfaces due to intermittent formation of a separation bubble. Moreover, based on the time-averaged pressure coefficients obtained at three heights on each of the models, it was seen that the symmetry of flow varied with Reynolds number. A modified peak–valley method was proposed to identify the intermittent events of separation-bubble formation. By this method, pronounced variations in the real-time signals due to intermittent formation of the separation bubble were identified, which were referred as to the characteristic events. Interesting findings included that the average normalized timescales of the characteristic events fell within 0.1 and 0.6, whereas the average normalized timescales obtained from the real-time traces of the lift coefficient were mostly around 0.08. The difference between these is discussed in this paper.

Robust table structure recognition with dynamic queries enhanced detection transformer

We present a new table structure recognition (TSR) approach, called TSRFormer, to robustly recognize the structures of complex tables with geometrical distortions from various table images. Unlike previous methods, we formulate table separation line prediction as a line regression problem instead of an image segmentation problem and propose a new two-stage dynamic queries enhanced DETR based separation line regression approach, named DQ-DETR, to predict separation lines from table images directly. Compared to Vallina DETR, we propose three improvements in DQ-DETR to make the two-stage DETR framework work efficiently and effectively for the separation line prediction task: 1) A new query design, named Dynamic Query, to decouple single line query into separable point queries which could intuitively improve the localization accuracy for regression tasks; 2) A dynamic queries based progressive line regression approach to progressively regressing points on the line which further enhances localization accuracy for distorted tables; 3) A prior-enhanced matching strategy to solve the slow convergence issue of DETR. After separation line prediction, a simple relation network based cell merging module is used to recover spanning cells. With these new techniques, our TSRFormer achieves state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets, including SciTSR, PubTabNet, WTW, FinTabNet, and cTDaR TrackB2-Modern. Furthermore, we have validated the robustness and high localization accuracy of our approach to tables with complex structures, borderless cells, large blank spaces, empty or spanning cells as well as distorted or even curved shapes on a more challenging real-world in-house dataset.

Feedback loops between 3D vegetation structure and ecological functions of animals.

Ecosystems function in a series of feedback loops that can change or maintain vegetation structure. Vegetation structure influences the ecological niche space available to animals, shaping many aspects of behaviour and reproduction. In turn, animals perform ecological functions that shape vegetation structure. However, most studies concerning three-dimensional vegetation structure and animal ecology consider only a single direction of this relationship. Here, we review these separate lines of research and integrate them into a unified concept that describes a feedback mechanism. We also show how remote sensing and animal tracking technologies are now available at the global scale to describe feedback loops and their consequences for ecosystem functioning. An improved understanding of how animals interact with vegetation structure in feedback loops is needed to conserve ecosystems that face major disruptions in response to climate and land-use change.

GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

The effect of stent graft curvature on the hemodynamic displacement force after abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair

Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is a minimally invasive procedure with low mortality and morbidity. Clinical studies have revealed that a displacement force (DF) can cause stent graft (SG) migration in some circumstances requiring repeated intervention. This study aims to determine the relationship between the SG curvature and the calculated DF from four patient-specific computational fluid dynamics models. The SG's curvature was defined according to the centrelines of the implanted SG's branches. The centrelines were defined as either intersecting or separated lines. The centreline curvature (CLC) metrics were calculated based on the local curvature radii and the distances from the centrelines of idealized straight branches. The average CLC value and average variation were calculated to represent the entire graft's curvature. These CLC calculations were compared, and the method that gave the best correlation to the calculated DF was found. The optimal correlation is obtained from calculating the CLC average variation using separated centrelines and distance from straight lines, with an R 2 = 0.89. Understanding the relationship between vascular morphology and DF can help identify at-risk patients before the procedure. In these cases, we can provide appropriate treatment and follow up with the patient to prevent future failure.

Social Trust, Human Values, and Anti-immigrant Sentiment: Does Trust Work With or Against Values?

Abstract Two separate lines of literature have analyzed the role social trust and human values, such as universalism and conservatism, have on anti-immigrant sentiment. While both show strong effects, the question of whether social trust weakens or strengthens already embodied values has not been addressed. The possibility that trust works against or with conservatism, for example, predicts two opposing forces on anti-immigrant sentiment. This study analyzes the potential moderating effect of trust on human values, and how this varies cross-nationally. It develops a conceptual framework that hypothesizes different models of trust and tests these using eight rounds of the European Social Survey (2002–2016). Findings point to trust consistently working with values, which suggests a magnification of conservative values’ anti-immigrant effects. While there is little evidence for national cultures of trust and values, country-specific results show variation in how trust moderates values, with greater evidence for trust’s moderation of conservatism and some unpredicted patterns in countries like Cyprus. Findings are discussed within the context of anti-immigrant politics and entrenched values, scholarly debates surrounding bridging and bonding, and the resulting extent of social trust’s radius.

A taster for time: Monday is sweeter than Friday


 Space-time metaphors in English and Chinese connote two metaphorical representations of time in space: the ego-moving representation and the time-moving representation. Extant research thereon has evinced that the choice of either is subject to both spatial and non-spatial factors (e.g., emotion). Conjoining two separate lines of inquiry, one into the relationship between emotion and time and the other into the metaphorical associations between taste and emotion, the current research examined the bidirectional relationship between taste and time. In Study 1, participants tasted sweet-, sour-, bitter-, and spicy-dominated snacks before responding to the temporally ambiguous “Next Wednesday’s meeting” question (Li, 2019) and the results showed that those who tasted sweet snack reported more time-moving perspectives than ego-moving perspectives whereas the opposite tendency was registered in those who tasted the other three snacks. The taste-aroused approach motivation rather than the taste-induced emotion was a reliable predictor of the temporal perspective preference. By priming participants with either the time-moving or the ego-moving frame of reference, Study 2 investigated the reverse influence of temporal perspective on taste preference and the results indicated that compared to the ego-moving prime, the time-moving prime prompted a distinctively stronger liking for the sweet-tasting snack as a result of relatively low happiness and approach motivation. Taken together, the results suggest that how people metaphorically conceptualize time can be modulated by taste, providing corroborative evidence for the embodied cognition that the understanding of abstract concepts are grounded in sensory, motor, and affective experiences.