Line Mapping Research Articles

Change Detection Study Of Al Razaza Lake Region Utilizing RemoteSensing And GIS Technique

Remote sensing techniques are now widely used for environment studies, surveysand monitoring. It became a need to study Razaza lake and the surrounding areasespecially when the Antiquities Authority of the Ministry of Tourism announced,that the discovery of the effects under the waters of Lake Razzaza in Karbalaprovince. The aim procedures carried out in this study, the first classified the studyarea by using unsupervised classification method to produce the land cover and landuse ,deriving the elevations as a vector layer using TIN for the whole surroundingregion of lake, the second part, the output is a continuous surface to be created byapplying Kriging interpolation, the third step, obtaining maps of contour lines alsoused to show lines of constant density or brightness by implementations the contourlines , converting the result of interpolation method to a vector values that can becalculated, then the implementation of the classified process and calculating the areaaround the lake, all these steps are done by using ArcGIS. Finally a classificationprocess for the same scene on a different date is applied and then compare it withthe first scene using ERDAS.

Effect of interdiffusion layer of functionally graded Al–Cu composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering on mechanical and thermal properties

The effect of the microstructure of multi-layer Al–Cu functionally graded materials (FGMs) fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS) on the mechanical and thermal properties was systemically investigated. Uniformly mixed Al–25, 50, 75 Cu (vol%) powder samples were prepared by mechanical ball milling and used for fabricating two types of FGMs: FGM 1 with three layers (Cu/Al–50Cu/Al) and FGM 2 with five layers (Cu/Al–75Cu/Al–50Cu/Al–25Cu/Al). These FGMs were then sintered at 400 °C under a compressive pressure of 250 MPa for 5 min. The microstructures of the sintered FGMs exhibited gradual variations in the Al and Cu contents. An interdiffusion layer composed of Cu9Al4 and CuAl2 at the layer/layer interfaces was observed, the thickness of which was analyzed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy line mapping. The Vickers hardness of FGM 1 and FGM 2 were higher than that calculated by rule of mixture due to the formation of Al–Cu IC such as Cu9Al4 and CuAl2. The drastic enhancement in a Al–75Cu layer was obtained by dominant formation of Cu9Al4. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity of the prepared FGMs was lower than that of Al due to the formation of Al–Cu ICs, enhanced heat dissipation compared with the Al–Cu composite materials. The mechanical and thermal properties of Al–Cu FGMs can be controlled by designing the layer composition or the number of layers.

Characterization of a wheat stable QTL for spike length and its genetic effects on yield-related traits

Spike length (SL) is one of the most important agronomic traits affecting yield potential and stability in wheat. In this study, a major stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for SL, i.e., qSl-2B, was detected in multiple environments in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population, KJ-RILs, derived from a cross between Kenong 9204 (KN9204) and Jing 411 (J411). The qSl-2B QTL was mapped to the 60.06–73.06 Mb region on chromosome 2B and could be identified in multiple mapping populations. An InDel molecular marker in the target region was developed based on a sequence analysis of the two parents. To further clarify the breeding use potential of qSl-2B, we analyzed its genetic effects and breeding selection effect using both the KJ-RIL population and a natural mapping population, which consisted of 316 breeding varieties/advanced lines. The results showed that the qSl-2B alleles from KN9204 showed inconsistent genetic effects on SL in the two mapping populations. Moreover, in the KJ-RILs population, the additive effects analysis of qSl-2B showed that additive effect was higher when both qSl-2D and qSl-5A harbor negative alleles under LN and HN. In China, a moderate selection utilization rate for qSl-2B was found in the Huanghuai winter wheat area and the selective utilization rate for qSl-2B continues to increase. The above findings provided a foundation for the genetic improvement of wheat SL in the future via molecular breeding strategies.

Investigation of effect of post weld heat treatment on microhardness and microstructure of auto TIG welded stabilized SA213 TP347H weldments

Investigation explores the weldability of Niobium stabilized TP347H austenitic stainless steel tubes through the application of optimized welding parameters using Auto TIG welding. This research investigates the influence of post weld heat treatment conditions on microhardness, microstructures, sensitization due to Cr23C6 precipitation, presence of Niobium carbides and formation of twin boundaries in the weldment. Extended post weld heat treatment duration resulted in notable decline in microhardness from 280 to 180 VHN within initial 5-h of soaking. Nevertheless, further prolongation of soaking time (10–15 h) exhibited subsequent rise in microhardness levels to 200 VHN in base, weld and heat affected zone. Increase in hardness is attributed to the emergence of annealing twins in base metal and the precipitation of Niobium carbides within weld and heat affected zone, confirmed by advanced analytical scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive spectrum line mapping reveals presence of Cr23C6 precipitation following 1-h soak at 720 °C. Subsequent prolongation of soaking time (5-h) demonstrates desensitization in the base metal. Additionally, cooling rate of 300 °C/hr during post weld heat treatment reduces required time for microstructure homogenization, resulting in increased hardness compared to 100 °C/hr rate in the weldment. However, beyond a 5-h soaking time, the cooling rate has a negligible impact on microhardness. Ultimate Tensile Stress of 674.82 and 665.28 N/mm2 for TP347H was achieved against the minimum requirement of 515 N/mm2 as per American Society of Mechanical Engineers Section IX standard.

Degradation of phenol and sulfamethoxazole with persulfate and ozone with nano‐MnO2–biochar composites

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, nano‐MnO2–biochar composites were synthesized as catalysts to promote the oxidation of recalcitrant organic contaminants. MnO2 nanoparticles coated on biochar were hypothesized to enhance the oxidation of phenol and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) using ozone and/or persulfate.RESULTSThe optimal percentage of MnO2 coating on the surface of biochar was determined, and the synthesis of nano‐MnO2‐coated biochar was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction and EDS line mapping analyses. Compared with oxidation using ozone or persulfate in the presence of either nano‐MnO2 or biochar, the synthesized nano‐MnO2–biochar composite markedly enhanced the oxidation of phenol and SMX. This was probably due to the spreading of MnO2 nanorods on the surface of biochar and the synergistic involvement of nano‐MnO2 and biochar as catalysts. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the involvement of Mn3+ in MnO2 to promote oxidation using ozone or persulfate. The coexistence of ozone and persulfate could also promote oxidation. Hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and persulfate radicals (SO4−•) were major reactive oxygen species for ozone and persulfate systems, respectively.CONCLUSIONResults suggest that the synthesized nano‐MnO2–biochar composites may be effective catalysts for various types of advanced oxidation processes in environmental remediation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Modeling the Reverberation Response of the Broad-line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei

The variable continuum emission of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) produces corresponding responses in the broad emission lines, which are modulated by light travel delays, and contain information on the physical properties, structure, and kinematics of the emitting gas region. The reverberation mapping technique, a time series analysis of the driving light curve and response, can recover some of this information, including the size and velocity field of the broad-line region (BLR). Here we introduce a new forward-modeling tool, the Broad Emission Line MApping Code, which simulates the velocity-resolved reverberation response of the BLR to any given input light curve by setting up a 3D ensemble of gas clouds for various specified geometries, velocity fields, and cloud properties. In this work, we present numerical approximations to the transfer function by simulating the velocity-resolved responses to a single continuum pulse for sets of models representing a spherical BLR with a radiatively driven outflow and a disklike BLR with Keplerian rotation. We explore how the structure, velocity field, and other BLR properties affect the transfer function. We calculate the response-weighted time delay (reverberation “lag”), which is considered to be a proxy for the luminosity-weighted radius of the BLR. We investigate the effects of anisotropic cloud emission and matter-bounded (completely ionized) clouds and find the response-weighted delay is only equivalent to the luminosity-weighted radius when clouds emit isotropically and are radiation-bounded (partially ionized). Otherwise, the luminosity-weighted radius can be overestimated by up to a factor of 2.

Nature of the diffuse emission sources in the H i supershell in the galaxy IC 1613

ABSTRACT We present a study of the nearby low-metallicity dwarf galaxy IC 1613, focusing on the search for massive stars and related feedback processes, as well as for faint supernova remnants (SNR) in late stages of evolution. We obtained the deepest images of IC 1613 in the narrow-band H α, He ii and [S ii] emission lines and new long-slit spectroscopy observations using several facilities (6-m BTA, 2.5m SAI MSU, and 150RTT telescopes), in combination with the multiwavelength archival data from MUSE/VLT, VLA, XMM–Newton, and Swift/XRT. Our deep narrow-band photometry identifies several faint shells in the galaxy, and we further investigate their physical characteristics with the new long-slit spectroscopy observations and the archival multiwavelength data. Based on energy balance calculations and assumptions about their possible nature, we propose that one of the shells is a possible remnant of a supernova explosion. We study five out of eight Wolf–Rayet (WR) star candidates previously published for this galaxy using the He ii emission line mapping, MUSE/VLT archival spectra, and new long-slit spectra. Our analysis discards the considered WR candidates and finds no new ones. We found P Cyg profiles in H α line in two stars, which we classify as Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) star candidates. Overall, the galaxy IC 1613 may have a lower rate of WR star formation than previously suggested.

Research on Digital Twin Dynamic Modeling Method for Transmission Line Deicing System

A digital twin is recognized as a pivotal technology in a new type of power system monitoring as it provides an effective method for monitoring the vibration caused by ice shedding in overhead transmission lines. The digital twin model differs from traditional models in that it has the characteristics of precise mapping and real-time simulation. These emerging characteristics lead to urgent updating of the existing modeling approaches. Therefore, the current study proposes a dynamic digital twin modeling method for transmission line ice-shedding systems. In this approach, an analytical solution for conductor deicing oscillation is proposed to describe the span and tension unchanged in any time period and then segmented and iteratively corrected with measured time-varying parameters to implement real-time simulation functionality. A dynamic geometric model for transmission lines is proposed based on the Unity3D platform. In addition, a human-computer interaction visualization platform is proposed to display twin data, with the objective of realizing precise mapping of real transmission lines. Finally, an application of this systematic approach to continuous three-span wire demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Five-Dimensional Modeling Technology for Intelligent Manufacturing Lines Oriented Towards Digital Twins

Intelligent manufacturing lines constitute a complex system characterized by the integration of multiple technologies, the intersection of various disciplines, multi-dimensional integration, and the interaction of numerous components. Currently, the internal environment of intelligent manufacturing workshops, processing technologies, and production processes all exhibit a high degree of complexity, and the diversity of underlying mechanical equipment is particularly notable. Compared to traditional manufacturing assembly lines, the process coupling between equipment in flow-type production lines is tighter and more significant. Therefore, this paper undertakes digital twin modeling of intelligent manufacturing lines from five aspects: geometry, motion, data, communication, and control. This approach aims to achieve precise and detailed mapping of the physical entity production line's processing operations.

Three-dimensional Mapping Analysis of Talus Fractures and Demonstration of Different Surgical Approaches for Talus Fractures.

The talus is an important component in the ankle, and its treatment after injury is crucial. However, complications and adverse events due to incomplete traditional classifications may still occur, and these classifications fail to analyze the patterns and distribution of fractures from a three-dimensional perspective. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the location and distribution of fracture lines in different types of talus fractures using three-dimensional (3D) and heat mapping techniques. Additionally, we aimed to determine the surface area of the talus that can be utilized for different approaches of internal fixation, aiding in the planning of surgical procedures. We retrospectively analyzed data from CT scans from 126 patients diagnosed with talus fractures at our two hospitals. We extracted the CT data of a healthy adult and created a standard talus model. We performed 3D reconstruction using patients' CT images and superimposed the fracture model onto the standard model for drawing fracture lines. Subsequently, we converted the fracture lines into a heat map for visualization. Additionally, we measured 20 specimens to determine the boundary for various ligaments attached to the talus. We determined the surface area of the talus available for different surgical approaches by integrating the boundary data with previously reported data on area of exposure. Without considering the displacement distance of the fracture, fracture types were classified as follows, by combining Hawkins and Sneppen classifications: talar neck, 41.3%; posterior talar tubercle, 22.2%; body for the talus and comminuted, 17.5%; lateral talar tubercle, 11.9%; and talar head, 7.1%. We established fracture line and heat maps using this classification. Additionally, we demonstrated the available area for anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, and medial malleolus osteotomy and Chaput osteotomy approaches. Fracture line and heat map analyses can aid surgeons in planning a single or combined surgical approach for the reduction and internal fixation of talus fractures. Demonstrating the different surgical approaches can help surgeons choose the most effective technique for individual cases.

Study on the atomic removal behavior and damage formation mechanism of nano cutting copper–nickel alloy with diamond tool

The effects of tool rake angle and cutting depth on cutting temperature, cutting force, friction coefficient of rake tool face, atomic accumulation of chip flow and removal, surface quality, sub-surface damage layer thickness, atomic stress, and dislocation evolution were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the cutting temperature was concentrated on the chip, and the chip was easy to flow out with the increase of the tool rake angle, which weakens the extrusion and shearing action of the workpiece, resulting in the gradual reduction of tangential force. The tool rake angle of 10° is beneficial to improve the surface/subsurface quality of the workpiece. The minimum root-mean-square roughness obtained was 0.73 Å. The atomic stress of the workpiece was mainly concentrated around the area of interaction with the tool, and the atoms on the finished surface underwent elastic recovery, so the atomic stress was not significant. The 1/6<112> (Shockley) dislocation density had always been in the leading position, and 1/6<112> (Shockley) dislocation was continuously synthesized and decomposed during the nano-cutting process. With the increase of cutting depth, the number of atoms removed increases rapidly, and the width of chip side flow increases, but the symmetry is weakened. The contour line map even shows deep wave valleys caused by the absence of atoms, which increases the surface roughness. Moreover, the area and depth of the atomic stress distribution in the subsurface layer increase, and the number of amorphous atoms and dislocation density increase.

Heliospheric Diffusion of Stochastic Parker Spirals in Radially Evolving Solar Wind Turbulence

We present a stochastic field line mapping model where the interplanetary magnetic field lines are described by a density distribution function satisfying a Fokker–Planck equation that is solved numerically. Due to the spiral geometry of the nominal Parker field and to the evolving nature of solar wind turbulence, the heliospheric diffusion of the magnetic field lines is both heterogeneous and anisotropic, including a radial component. The longitudinal distributions of the magnetic field lines are shown to be close to circular Gaussian distributions, although they develop a noticeable skewness. The magnetic field lines emanating from the Sun are found to differ, on average, from the spirals predicted by Parker. Although the spirals remain close to Archimedean, they are here underwound, on average. Our model predicts a spiral angle that is smaller by ∼5° than the Parker spiral angle at Earth’s orbit for the same solar wind speed of V sw = 400 km s−1. It also predicts an angular position on the solar disk of the best magnetically connected footpoint to an observer at 1 au that is shifted westward by ∼10° with respect to the Parker’s field model. This significantly changes the angle of the most probable magnetic connection between possible sources on the Sun and observers in the inner heliosphere. The results have direct implications for the heliospheric transport of “scatter-free” electrons accelerated in the aftermath of solar eruptions.

Analyzing microstructural, residual stress, and mechanical characteristics in dissimilar welds of Inconel 59 and AISI 904L through double-pulsed gas metal arc welding

In this research, dissimilar welding of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 59 and austenitic stainless steel AISI 904L steel was successfully done with double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) using the filler ERNiCrMo-13. Macroscopic analysis showed a defect-free weld with an aspect ratio of 2.4, attributed to the efficient heat delivery (0.642 kJ/mm) in DP-GMAW. The microstructure of the weld joint was examined through both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Examination of the microstructure of the weld interface exposed grain coarsening near the heat-affected zone on the AISI 904L side. In contrast, the weld fusion zone contained fine equiaxed dendrites. Microsegregation and alloying element migration across the entire weld area were assessed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy point analysis and line mapping, revealing controlled microsegregation across the region. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to ascertain the average grain size (38.41 nm) and secondary phase composition. The XRD-cosα method was used to assess the residual stress of the weld joint, revealing tensile residual stress in the weld zone and compressive residual stress in other regions. Tensile, Charpy impact, and Vickers hardness tests were conducted in the study to evaluate the strength, toughness, and hardness of a dissimilar weld. The impact of two cryogenic treatments, namely shallow and deep, on tensile and toughness characteristics was investigated in this study. The cryogenic treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of weld samples compared to their as-welded condition, leading to an 11.5% increase in tensile strength and a 10% improvement in toughness.

Multi-frame network feature fusion model and self-attention mechanism for vehicle lane line detection

The traditional lane detection networks mainly use independent single frame images to extract features first and then detect them, which cannot deal with the scene with complex background well. Therefore, this paper proposes a lane parallel detection network based on multi-frame network feature fusion model and self-attention mechanism according to the scene characteristics that vehicles can obtain continuous images during normal driving. Firstly, a parallel feature extraction structure is designed. On the one hand, a single frame network with high precision is used to extract the features of the current frame. On the other hand, a lightweight multi-frame network is designed to extract features of low-resolution multi-frame temporal images. And the recurrent neural network module is used to fuse the extracted temporal features and obtain multi-frame features. Self-attention mechanism can effectively capture the relevant information of internal features. Then the fusion module of single frame feature, multi-frame feature and self-attention feature is designed. The feature map of lane line is output by up-sampling network. The experimental results show that the network in this paper has significant improvement in both objective detection accuracy and subjective effect compared with other methods.

Identification of stable QTLs and candidate genes associated with plant height and spike length in common wheat

Context Plant height and spike length are important traits with significant impact on the potential yield of wheat. It is essential to dissect their genetic control in order to improve yield potential through breeding. Aims We aimed to identify genomic regions with stable and major-effect quantitative trail loci (QTLs) associated with plant height and spike length in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods Three recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations were created by crossing a common parental line, Roshan, with three different cultivars: Sabalan, Falat, and Superhead. The RILs were grown over 3 years at five locations under water-stressed and well-watered conditions. Plant height and spike length were measured during each experiment, and inclusive composite interval mapping was used to analyse the data in both single-and multi-environment analyses. Key results Single-environment analysis detected 32 additive QTLs in the three populations. Three novel, stable and non-epistatic QTLs were identified: qPH1D for plant height in the Sabalan background; and qSL1D and qSL1B.3 for spike length in the Falat and Superhead backgrounds, respectively. Between the flanking markers on chromosomes 1B, 1D and 4B, 191 genes were predicted, 20 of which were identified as potential candidates with roles in wheat plant height and spike-related traits. Conclusions The study identified stable QTLs for plant height and spike length in wheat, providing valuable markers for future breeding programs and enhancing yield potential. Implications These results lay a good foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes for molecular marker-assisted breeding in wheat in the future.

Trekfish in tracing the paths of flying fish roe in the Makassar Strait

It is very important to know the route of searching for flying fish eggs as information for the next trip and to find out their whereabouts. The existence of flying fish eggs is one of the important agendas at this time, where the available information is still minimal. This article attempts to show the fishing line for flying fish eggs through the use of TrekFish in the Makassar Strait. Fishing paths for flying fish eggs were extracted and mapped using ArcGIS 10.8. Fishing line mapping shows fishing vessel trips per day in each fishing period.

A simple, static and stage mounted direct electron detector based electron backscatter diffraction system

To engineer the next generation of advanced materials we must understand their microstructure, and this requires microstructural characterization. This can be achieved through the collection of high contrast, data rich, and insightful microstructural maps. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has emerged as a popular tool available within the scanning electron microscope (SEM), where maps are realized through the repeat capture and analysis of Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Typical commercial EBSD systems require large and sophisticated detectors that are mounted on the side of the SEM vacuum chamber which can be limiting in terms of widespread access to the technique. In this work, we present an alternative open-hardware solution based upon a compact EBSD system with a simple, static geometry that uses an off-the-shelf direct electron detector co-mounted with a sample. This simple stage is easy to manufacture and improves our knowledge of the diffraction geometry significantly. Microscope and detector control is achieved through software application programming interface (API) integration. After pattern capture, analysis of the diffraction patterns is performed using open-source analysis within AstroEBSD. To demonstrate the potential of this set up, we present two simple EBSD experiments using a line scan and area mapping. We hope that the present system can inspire simpler EBSD system design for widespread access to the EBSD technique and promote the use of open-source software and hardware in the workflow of EBSD experiments.

Structural Effects on ORR Performances of Carbon-Free Connected Platinum–Cobalt Catalysts with Chemically Ordered Superlattice Structures

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have been considered as the promising next-generation energy-conversion technology, owing to their high energy efficiency and clean emissions. However, a sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) rate and the low durability of conventional catalysts in PEFCs limit the wider commercialization. To address these issues, our group has developed a carbon-free, connected Pt1–Fe1 catalyst with a porous hollow capsule structure. This catalyst comprises the nano-sized network formed by the connection of Pt1–Fe1 nanoparticles and exhibits an enhanced ORR specific activity (9 times higher than a commercial Pt/C) as well as excellent durability against start-stop operations due to the carbon-free structure.[1,2] However, during the load cycle operation, iron is dissolved from the catalyst, leading to the loss of ORR activity and the degradation of polymer electrolytes caused by the Fenton reaction.In this work, carbon-free and iron-free connected Ptx-Co1 catalysts with chemically ordered superlattice structures have been developed for the first time, as shown in Fig. 1(a). In addition, the metal compositions and chemically ordered (superlattice) degrees in the catalysts were controlled to investigate the structural effects on ORR activity and durability of the connected Ptx-Co1 catalysts.Herein, we employed the silica-coating method for the catalyst synthesis, which involves the combination of silica coating and high-temperature annealing. As shown in Fig. 1(b), the surface of the Ptx-Co1 nanoparticles/SiO2 sample was coated with thin silica layers to prevent the detachment of Ptx–Co1 nanoparticles from the SiO2 template as well as the large catalyst agglomeration and coalescence during the annealing process. We controlled the chemically ordered degrees of the connected Pt1–Co1 and Pt3–Co1 catalysts by using different annealing temperatures. The XRD patterns of the catalysts showed the peaks corresponding to L10 type and L12 type chemically ordered structures for the connected Pt1–Co1 and Pt3–Co1 catalysts annealed at 600°C, respectively. These two catalysts possessed ordered degrees (S) of ca. 50–60%. The TEM images of the connected Ptx–Co1 catalysts showed the formation of connected Ptx–Co1 nanonetwork and porous hollow capsule structures.The electrochemical measurements of ORR activity and durability were conducted in a 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte solution. The connected Pt1–Co1 and Pt3–Co1 catalysts achieved 6- and 10-times higher ORR specific activities than that of Pt/C, respectively. Subsequently, the ORR activity and load cycle durability (0.6 V for 3 s Û 1.0 V for 3 s at 60 °C) of the connected Pt3–Co1 catalyst with different ordered degrees (S = 0%, 28%, and 58%) were evaluated. As the ordered degrees in the connected Pt3–Co1 catalysts were higher, the ORR specific activity was increased. Also, the retention of the specific activity of the ordered catalyst (S = 58%) was higher than that of the disordered catalyst (S = 0%) after 10,000 load cycles. The STEM-EDX line mapping results showed that 83% of the alloyed Co retained in the catalyst with a higher ordered degree even after 10000 load cycles, whereas the disordered and lower ordered catalysts retained lower Co ratios after the test, indicating the suppression effect of an ordered structure on metal dissolution. In addition, the L12 ordered Pt3–Co1 structure remained in the connected catalyst (S = 58%) after load cycle test, confirmed by the TEM diffraction analysis.In summary, we successfully developed the connected Ptx-Co1 catalysts with chemically ordered superlattice structures. In addition, we clarified the structural effects of metal composition and ordered degree in connected Ptx-Co1 catalysts on ORR activity and load cycle durability. These results provide useful guidelines for the design of advanced ORR catalysts towards high-performance PEFCs. Acknowledgement The part of this presentation is based on results obtained from a project, JPNP20003, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

The discovery of a z = 0.7092 OH megamaser with the MIGHTEE survey

ABSTRACT We present the discovery of the most distant OH megamaser (OHM) to be observed in the main lines, using data from the MeerKAT International Giga-Hertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey. At a newly measured redshift of z = 0.7092, the system has strong emission in both the 1665 MHz (L ≈ 2500 L⊙) and 1667 MHz (L ≈ 4.5 × 104 L⊙) transitions, with both narrow and broad components. We interpret the broad line as a high-velocity-dispersion component of the 1667 MHz transition, with velocity v ∼ 330 km s−1 with respect to the systemic velocity. The host galaxy has a stellar mass of M⋆ = 2.95 × 1010 M⊙ and a star formation rate of SFR = 371 M⊙ yr−1, placing it ∼1.5 dex above the main sequence for star-forming galaxies at this redshift, and can be classified as an ultraluminous infrared galaxy. Alongside the optical imaging data, which exhibit evidence for a tidal tail, this suggests that the OHM arises from a system that is currently undergoing a merger, which is stimulating star formation and providing the necessary conditions for pumping the OH molecule to saturation. The OHM is likely to be lensed, with a magnification factor of ∼2.5, and perhaps more if the maser emitting region is compact and suitably offset relative to the centroid of its host galaxy’s optical light. This discovery demonstrates that spectral line mapping with the new generation of radio interferometers may provide important information on the cosmic merger history of galaxies.

Genome-wide identification of microsatellites for mapping, genetic diversity and cross-transferability in wheat (Triticum spp)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial global staple crop, and is consistently being improved to enhance yield, disease resistance, and quality traits. However, the development of molecular markers is a challenging task due to its hexaploid genome. Molecular marker system such as simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are helpful for breeding, but SNP has limitations due to its development cost and its conversion to breeder markers. The study proposed an in-silico approach, by utilizing the low-cost transcriptome sequencing of two parental lines, ‘TAC 75′ and ‘WH 1105′, to identify polymorphic SSRs for mapping in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. This study introduces a new approach to bridge wheat genetics intricacies and next-generation sequencing potential. It presents a comprehensive genome-wide SSR distribution using IWGSC CS RefSeq v2.1 genome assembly and to identify 189 polymorphic loci through in-silico strategy. Of these, 54.76% showed polymorphism between parents, surpassing the traditional low polymorphic success rate. A RIL population screening validated these markers, demonstrating the fitness of identified markers through chi-square tests. The designed SSRs were also validated for genetic diversity analysis in a subset of 37 Indian wheat genotypes and cross-transferability in the wild/relative wheat species. In diversity analysis, a subset of 38 markers revealed 95 alleles (2.5 allele/locus), indicating substantial genetic variation. Population structure analysis unveiled three distinct groups, supported by phylogenetic and PCoA analyses. Further the polymorphic SSRs were also analyzed for SSR-gene association using gene ontology analysis. By utilizing the developing seed transcriptome data within parental lines, the study has enhanced the polymorphic SSR identification precision and facilitated in the RIL population. The undertaken study pioneers the use of transcriptome sequencing and genetic mapping to overcome challenges posed by the intricate wheat genome. This approach offers a cost-effective, less labour-intensive alternative to conventional methods, providing a platform for advancing wheat breeding research.