Line Loss Reduction Research Articles

Power Loss Reduction via Distributed Generation System Injected in a Radial Feeder

The energy demand all over the world is increasing rapidly day by day. In traditional power systems, power plants are located far away from the consumer’s premises. This in turn causes a substantial amount of power loss both in transmission and distribution. In general, distribution system has more losses than the losses occurred on the transmission side. It employs that there will be a significant difference between the generated power and the energy consumers that are (physically) far away from the generating stations. Therefore, the electric utilities always remain under stress due to such non negligible amount of losses which has a direct impact on financial management and efficiency of the power system as well. To address this issue different technique have been introduced to reduce line losses and to improve the efficiency. The best among these techniques is line loss reduction through Distributed Generation (DG) which is more effective than the other techniques. In this paper we have taken three 11kV feeders (located at Bannu) as a case study and for the prescribed technique an attempt has been made to increase the efficiency of a system by integrating different capacity of DG into a radial distribution feeder. The results have been analyzed mathematically, however Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) simulator is used as a test bed. Finally, the obtained results are presented in tabular and graphical form in terms of clearly defined parameters.

Optimal Location of FACTS Devices in Order to Simultaneously Improving Transmission Losses and Stability Margin Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

It is not possible to use the full capacity of the transmission lines due to voltage limitations and stability issues. Therefore, compensators must be used to improve the transmission line capacity. One of the suggested ways for this purpose is to use flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices in the power system. The various capabilities of the FACTS devices have made it possible to set different targets to determine their optimal location and position. Some of the most important placement targets include increasing voltage stability, improving voltage profiles, reducing losses, increasing line capacity limit and reducing fuel costs for power plants through optimal power distribution. In this paper, optimal locating of FACTS devices to improve power system stability and transmission line losses reduction. Also, artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for solving optimization problem. The artificial bee colony algorithm with high accuracy and high convergence speed is suitable for conducting FACTS placement studies. Finally, a comparison was made between the artificial bee colony algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results indicate that the artificial bee colony algorithm works better than the other algorithms in minimizing the fitness function.

Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of Distributed Power Grid Connection

Distributed generation can not only improve the utilization level of energy, but also bring huge economic and environmental benefits, which is conducive to the sustainable development of economy and society [1]. With the expansion of distributed generation scale and the implementation of market-oriented trading pilot, it is necessary to accurately evaluate and analyze the economic and environmental benefits of distributed generation, so it is necessary to establish an accurate evaluation model to guide grid companies and government departments to better develop and utilize distributed generation technology. As a whole, the connection between distributed generation and large power grid is helpful to save investment, reduce energy loss and give full play to their respective advantages. From the perspective of distributed generation project, it is helpful for investors to construct cost, invest reasonably and quote accurately. The benefits of distributed generation access to power grid mainly include reducing line loss, reducing power construction cost, reducing electricity price, delaying the construction of distribution and transmission cost, and improving environment and climate.

Data for Heuristic Optimization of Electric Vehicles’ Charging Configuration Based on Loading Parameters

This dataset includes multiple files related to optimization of electric vehicles to minimize overloading in low voltage grids by varying the locations available to charge the EVs. The data include lognormally sampled hourly sorted scenarios across 11 charging locations for a stochastics-based Monte Carlo simulation. This simulation runs through 2 million scenarios based on actual probabilities to incorporate most possible situations. It also includes samples from normally distributed household electricity use scenarios based on agent-based modeling. The article includes the test grid parameters for simulation, which were used to create a benchmark grid in DigSilent Powerfactory software, as well as intermediate outputs defining worst case scenarios when electric vehicles were charged and results from three different optimization approaches involving a reduction in voltage drops, cable overloading and total line losses. The outputs from the benchmark grid were used to train a machine learning algorithm, the weights and codes for which are also attached. This trained network acted as the grid for subsequent iterative optimization procedures. Outputs are presented as a comparison between pre-optimization and post-optimization scenarios. The above dataset and procedure were repeated while varying the number of EVs between 0 and 100 in increments of 20, data for which are also attached. The data article supports a related submission titled “Minimization of Overloading Caused by Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging in Low Voltage Networks”.

A framework for the techno-economic and reliability analysis of grid connected microgrids

PurposeThis research studies the impact of introducing distributed generators (DGs) into a distribution network. The aim of this paper is to optimally site DGs based on economic, environmental and reliability indices are presented.Design/methodology/approachThe considered network was modelled by using the network’s line parameters and capacity of the load bus with the help of Power System Analysis Toolbox. The location of the DG is based on voltage stability index and power loss reduction index. The DG energy sources considered are the diesel generator, solar photo-voltaic (PV) and wind generator, and the objectives were to minimize cumulative cost while maximizing reliability of the network. The Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System was used for the mathematical modelling.FindingsThe obtained results in the cases of introducing renewable energy into a network improves network performance. The benefits of renewable energy on the distribution network measured in terms of electricity production cost, gas emission cost, fuel cost and value of energy not supplied were positive. The research also showed that the total benefit of renewable energy reduces as the price of the renewable generators increases.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a new approach to determining the optimal location of DG for reducing line losses and improved voltage profile. A new cost modelling function based on external grid power transfer cost, technical losses and cost because of the various energies source is also introduced.

Fuel cell transmission integrated grid energy resources to support generation-constrained power systems

This paper estimates operational benefits and opportunities for utility-scale, distributed generation resources, called Transmission Integrated Grid Energy Resource (TIGER) stations herein, to support the electric power grid. Efficient, near-zero-emissions, high-temperature Fuel Cells fed by natural gas, operate as the generation source. For analysis, we use the real-world case of the transmission system in Southern California associated with the closure of the San Onofre nuclear power plant, which triggered the need for supplemental generation support and grid reliability. In this context, TIGER stations emerge as an opportunity to enhance grid characteristics. Steady-state power flow simulations were carried out for different TIGER station deployments. Results show that TIGER stations reduce line losses and provide local voltage support. The installation of only three TIGER stations operating at 70 MW/70 MVAR, or 100 MVAR each, was able to maintain voltage throughout at 0.98 p.u. or above when it otherwise had dropped to near 0.92 p.u. when the 2.0 GW nuclear plant went offline. The best TIGER placement was proven to always be at the weakest point in the system (at the end of the circuit, at the lowest voltage bus) as opposed to being distributed across nearby buses.

국내 배전계통에서의 CVR 계수 추정 및 경제적 효과 분석 적용 방안

In this paper, the CVR estimation method is proposed using the direct method. This method calculates the voltage change and the load change for the same time period when the tap of a main transformer in a substation changes. Through these CVR estimation results, economic analysis is conducted by analying the CVR effect of the domestic distribution systems. Based on the estimated CVR factor, a representative model of the domestic distribution system is assumed, and economic analysis is evaluated through CVR effect analysis when CVR control is operated. Demand reduction of a substation and line loss reduction costs are calculated using the CVR factor and voltage reduction. Through this analysis, CVR in distribution systems can be expected to reduce the power loss cost and power plant construction cost.

Provide a simple model of the Comprehensive Electric Power Controller

The UPFC in Power Systems controls the line parameters and the power flow of the lines. On the other hand, controlling the power flow and lines parameters in transmission lines, maximizes the capacity of power transmission lines, increases network reliability, reduces line losses, increases power system efficiency, reduces energy loss and consumption management. Therefore, presenting a simple model of UPFC in power systems analysis is of interest to experts. In this paper, a simple model of upfc in steady state is presented. In the proposed model, the converter of upfc series is modeled with circuit elements. The proposed model will be included in the load distribution program without changing the dimensions of the Jacobine network matrix. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, the standard 14 bus are simulated

Planning for Distribution System with Grey Wolf Optimization Method

Nowadays Distribution generation (DG) has achieved to further precious awareness, especially inside the power system fields, so the strength and dependability specifically in the distribution system. Optimum scheduling of DG not only focuses on the size of DG only too puts a load on the optimal location of generators. Install for DG at the optimum location along with optimal size into the distribution system would improve the system performance and also give price effectual solved to the planning of the distribution network. The positive impact of optimum DG position into the distribution system would improve system voltage profile, reduction in line losses, improved power standard, make better reliability and strength of the distribution network. GWO is modeled based on the unique hunt, searching for a target, encircling target, and attacking prey, are executing to perform the optimization. The GWO is determined to the IEEE-16, 30, 57 and 118-bus test systems radial distribution network as well as considering multiplier DG units in the system. The better study outcome of the attained to without DG, with DG, type 1 DG, type 2 DG, with type 3 DG at 0.9 pf and with type DG at unity pf. Moreover, the obtained is compared as well as the net outcome of the proposed procedure for the sequence to see the efficiency and effectual and the distribution systems.

Multi-objective Distribution Network Reconfiguration Optimization Considering Space Allocation of Electric Vehicles

This paper explores the space allocation method and fuzzy C cluster processing method of electric vehicles, establishes a multi-objective distribution network model, solves the calculation process of the model, and verifies the feasibility of this research through simulation analysis method, thus providing help for orderly charging of electric vehicles and reducing line loss.

The Research on Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed Generation Considering Voltage Stability Index and Line Loss Reduction Rate

The continuous growth of power demand poses new challenge to the efficiency of power system. Therefore, distributed generation (DG) is widely concerned because it can provide clean, reliable and economic power. However, the location and sizing of DG connected to the grid shall be properly selected. In this paper, the voltage stability index and the line loss reduction rate are considered synthetically, and the two indexes are transformed into a single index (VSLR) to determine the optimal location of DG. According to this index, the node with high sensitivity and high average power loss reduction rate are selected as the optimum location of DG connected to the power grid, and the optimal access capacity of DG is determined by the algorithm proposed in this paper. The simulation experiments of IEEE30-bus are carried out with MATLAB\\ Matpower toolbox, and the results are compared with the existing research results. The results show that the method of studying the optimal location and sizing of DG in this paper emerges better performance.

Novel reconfiguration approach to reduce line losses of the photovoltaic array under various shading conditions

This paper presents a novel fixed reconfiguration scheme to reduce partial shading conditions in the Photovoltaic (PV) array. The proposed approach is based on Skyscraper (SS) technique, which implies that the physical location of the PV modules in the array is arranged using Skyscraper fashion so that it distributes the shading impacts across the array in order to increase energy yields. Various kinds of partial shading conditions have been taken into account to examine the effects on the proposed approach in 6×6 array. Further, the performance of the proposed arrangement is compared with the other existing array interconnections such as “series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-link (BL), honey-comb (HC) and Arrow-SuDoKu (AS)” by obtaining the several parameters like “global maximum power point (GMPP), the voltage at GMPP, fill-factor, shading losses, efficiency, and possible local peaks (PLP)”. In addition to this, a simple calculation is performed to evaluate the wiring losses for the proposed skyscraper arrangement. Lastly, the outcome of this paper demonstrates that the suggested skyscraper scheme reduces the loss of shading and increases the power production relative to the other array interconnections. Also, in comparison with the Arrow SuDoKu scheme, the proposed scheme is impacted by the minimum wiring loss.

Dynamic Reconfiguration of Active Distribution System Based on Matrix Shifting Operation and Interval Merger

Dynamic distribution system reconfiguration (DDSR) is a complex NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem when the time varying nature of loads and distribution generation power output are taken into account. Solving the DDSR problem is challenging in terms of computational burden and solution quantity. In this paper, a matrix shifting and interval merger based DDSR algorithm is proposed for line loss reduction. First of all, the matrix of branch power and the vector of line resistance are formulated, and the matrix shifting operation is defined for static reconfiguration in an interval. Then, the reconfiguration is firstly operated in each hour, and the adjacent intervals are selected to be merged into one new interval constantly, which ensures the validity of the interval merger. Meanwhile, a hash table is established to store the exiting reconfiguration schedules to avoid repeated power flow calculations and reduce the compute burden. Finally, the proposed dynamic reconfiguration algorithm is applied to three test systems. The simulation results show that the proposed reconfiguration algorithm can achieve optimal solutions with acceptable computational cost.

Optimization Strategy for Line Loss Reduction of Distribution Network Based on Multi-distributed Photovoltaic Access

The number of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems connected to the system is increasing, especially for residents and non-residents. A large amount of photovoltaic grid-connected power brings new problems to the line loss management of the distribution network. This paper proposes a theoretical calculation model of line loss for distribution network with multi-distributed photovoltaic access. This paper adopts the actual case of Shanghai Power Grid, calculates based on the mathematical model proposed, and puts forward targeted optimization suggestions by comparing the simulation analysis results.

Optimal Placement and Sizing for Solar Farm with Economic Evaluation, Power Line Loss and Energy Consumption Reduction

In this study, a mathematical model is simulated in order to collect the solar radiation; consequently, evaluate the output power generated from photovoltaic panels (PVs). The simulation is based on two models of solar panels, one with Sun-tracker and the other one is stationary to illustrate differences between the PVs output power related to either tracking the sun or with fixed installation. PVs are simulated with three types of output power, 150 KW, 300 and 600 KW. After calculating the output power for the PV panels, it is possible to find the PVs optimum placement and sizing for a 69 IEEE RTS distribution power system in order to reduce power line losses and also receiving the maximum profit by selling the generated power via PVs. Placing and sizing the PVs are limited by common power system limitation such as voltage profile as well as overcurrent violation in the distribution system. Aside from that additional limitations such as reverse power flow, power line capacity and different group of loads, such as residential, industrial and agricultural, are considered in this paper in order to make the simulation more realistic. Moreover, meteorological data is collected from metrological organization of Mashhad, Iran. Finally, after calculating the injected power using PVs the amount of reduced energy from the main feeder is calculated; and consequently, economic benefit for the customers is evaluated. Economic evaluation for this study took place in 2014 according to Iran's electricity market.

Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss reduction for Malaysian public hospital

This paper presents an optimization approach for criteria setting of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) in the Green Building Rating System (GBRS). In this study, the total line loss reduction is analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process which then a reassessment of existing criteria setting for renewable energy (RE) is proposed towards lower loss outcome. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) is identified as the type of DG used in this paper. The proposed PV-DG optimization will improve the sustainable energy performance of the green building by total line losses reduction within accepted lower losses region using Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The distribution network uses bus and line data setup from selected one of each three levels of Malaysian public hospital. MATLAB simulation result shows that the PV-DG expanding capacity towards optimal scale and location provides a better outcome in minimizing total line losses within an appropriate voltage profile as compared to the current setting of PV-DG imposed in selected GBRS. Thus, reassessment of RE parameter setting and the proposed five rankings with new PV-DG setting for public hospital provides technical justification and give the best option to the green building developer for more effective RE integration.

Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss reduction for Malaysian public hospital

Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss reduction for Malaysian public hospital

Placement of Fixed Size Diesel Generators in IEEE 12 Bus Radial Distribution System to Improve Voltage Stability

Distributed Generation (DG) is small capacity generating units directly associated to the distributed system. With the penetration of distributed generators nearby the consumer load center support to the distribution system will be enhanced. The Distributed Generation involves both Renewable & sustainable sources of energy to engender power in order to appease the ever increasing energy requirement. Suitable location and capacity of DG units will benefit the achievement of active power system network. The voltage profile and Real power line loss and Reactive power line loss reduction can also be improved with suitable location and allocation of DG. This work proposes a new Simulation method for the placement of fixed Size Diesel Generator in IEEE 12 bus radial distribution system stationed on Voltage stability index and Transmission line losses. This index is progressed by acknowledging steady state node voltages cited in Per Unit.

Performance Analysis Of Distributed Real Time Optimization Technique For Optimal Power Flow Problems

For conventional electric power system, penetration of high level of distributed generation is new challenge. Distributed energy resources produces on-site electricity, by which it reduces the requirement of new transmission line set up and also provides reduction of line losses. In earlier days, centralized optimization approaches have been the primary way of optimization of power system. In centralized approach of optimization, optimal power flow operation is performed by collecting information at central controller. But because of increase of size of power system and enhancement of distributed resources from demand side various problem arises in performing computation and control in centralized approach. Optimal operation of power flows are utilized in planning and scheduling of generation of power. Most of the non-conventional resources are located at the distribution grid. So to handle the uncertainness associated in renewable energy resources, load demands etc. there is a need of development of distributed algorithm for AC-optimization problems. This paper realizes in real time optimization and to track the time varying OPF problem and for numerical optimization method different quasi-Newton methods are used. For time varying loads there is a requirement of an algorithm technique that can track variant load on faster time scale. So, to address these challenges various approaches or techniques are presented.

Reduction of Line Losses and Enhancement of Voltage Stability in a Radial Distribution System with Renewable Distributed Generation

Reduction of Line Losses and Enhancement of Voltage Stability in a Radial Distribution System with Renewable Distributed Generation - written by Martha Mbenge Kyule , Moses Peter Musau , Nicodemus Odero Abungu published on 2019/11/21 download full article with reference data and citations