Line Follower Robot Research Articles

Line Follower Robot Optimization based Fuzzy Logic Controller Using Membership Function Tuning

The study was aimed to measure the performance of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) on Line Follower Robot (LFR). FLC output is a deviation value of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to determine the rotational speed of the left and the right wheel. As input variables are current and previous line sensors. Tuning was applied to input and output variables in each membership function (MF) to conduct the best performance. This study used triangular membership function that consists of three MF. Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used using nine rules. The result obtains that after MF tuning, the performance of the LFR settling time is 0.63s faster compare to that without tuning.

Control of motion stability of the line tracer robot using fuzzy logic and kalman filter

Setting of motion and balance line tracer robot two wheels is actually a combination of a two-wheeled robot balance concept and the concept of line follower robot. The main objective of this research is to maintain the robot in an upright and can move to follow the line of the Wizard while maintaining balance. In this study the motion balance system on line tracer robot by considering the presence of a noise, so that it takes the estimator is used to mengestimasi the line tracer robot motion. The estimation is done by the method of Kalman Filter and the combination of Fuzzy logic-Fuzzy Kalman Filter called Kalman Filter, as well as optimal smooting. Based on the results of the study, the value of the output of the fuzzy results obtained from the sensor input value has been filtered before entering the calculation of the fuzzy. The results of the output of the fuzzy logic hasn’t been able to control dc motors are well balanced at the moment to be able to run. The results of the fuzzy logic by using membership function of triangular membership function or yet can control with good dc motor movement in order to be balanced

Cancer Detecting Nanobot using Positron Emission Tomography

The current Indian population is 1.29 billion out of which the occurrence of cancer is estimated to be around 2.6 million with over 9,00,000 new cancer patient and 6,50,000 cancer related deaths occurring every year. About 70% to 80% of the current patient diagnosed in advanced stage accounting without proper medications.More than 7% of deaths in India are due to various types of cancers which contribute to 8% to 10% of global cancer mortality. To lead a step to reduce this rate, this work aims to design a nanobot (nano robot) which can effectively identify the cancer growth using the concept called Positron Emission Tomography that comes under the branch of Acoustic Bio-Signalling.The simulation of the robot will be presented through “robot simulation software” where the tracking is done through embedded programming, so as to configure its movement and requirements through every cycle of “change of state”.A prototype of the Nanobot is constructed through hardware with the help of robot-specific apparatus and with the same norms of a line follower robot.

Analysis of The Sensor Line on Line Follower Robot as an Alternative Transport The Tub Trash in The Shopping Center

This is a line follower robot is a robot designed to assist humans in activities such as throw away trash in the shopping center. On robot sensors added a line that consists of photodiode and LED. The robot will walk follows the path which has been given a different color (black and white) to be detected by the sensor lines at the location of the junk-filled tubs and tubs of the empty trash. The research aims to know the performance of the sensor lines and the movement of the robot with the research method using PID. The results of this study when the distance between the sensor and the surface of 5 cm – 7 cm then the performance of the sensor surface in distinguishing the line of black and white still work fine, while at a distance of 8 cm – 10 cm sensor line performance diminished. For setting the PID, P = 10 will result averaged a greater error value i.e. 9.9 so the robot will move fast but unstable, while P = 5 align the median value error – i.e. 8 so the robot will move stable (as black)

Virtual Laboratory for Line Follower Robot Competition

<p>Laboratory serves as an important facility for experiment and research activity. The limitation of time, equipment, and capacity in the experiment and research undertaking impede both students and college students in undertaking research for competition preparation, particularly dealing with line follower robot competition which requires a wide space of the room with various track types. Unsettled competition track influences PID control setting of line follower robot. This study aims at developing Virtual Laboratory (V-Lab) for students or college students who are preparing for line follower robot competition with unsettled and changeable tracks. This study concluded that the trial data score reached 98.5%, the material expert score obtained 89.7%, learning model expert score obtained 97.9%, and the average score of small group learning model and field of 82.4%, which the average score of the entire aspects obtained 90.8%.</p>

Virtual Laboratory for Line Follower Robot Competition

Virtual Laboratory for Line Follower Robot Competition

ROBOT LINE FOLLOWER PENGANTAR SURAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC STUDI KASUS FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS PANCASILA

Mail delivery at the Faculty of Engineering Pancasila University (FTUP) has many complaints regarding the delay of mail delivery from the administrative officer to the recipient of the mail. Lack of administrative staff responsible for the delay of mail acceptance can certainly cause great disadventages to the recipient; hence this can be a big factor inhibiting the dissemination of information. As technology develops, many research on robot able to accommodate human’s work. One type of robot that has been developed is the Robot Line Follower. In order to reduce the mail delivery delay, in this research we built a Line Follower Robot using Fuzzy Logic method. Fuzzy logic applied to this robot as a determinant of Servo motor speed and distance determinant of mail delivery area. This research yields 100% accuracy for straight line, 79% accuracy for U-line, 53% accuracy for 90o turn, 94,75% accuracy for obstacle detection, 87,75% accuracy for alarm, and 92,75% accuracy for RFID card detection, and 82% accuracy for RFID Card with option menu. Keywords: Accuracy, Fuzzy logic, Line Follower, RFID, Robot

A Study of Sequential Program and Concurrent Program Performance in Line Follower Robot Sensor Acquisition

A Study of Sequential Program and Concurrent Program Performance in Line Follower Robot Sensor Acquisition

Sistem Penentuan Lokasi dan Penyimpanan Barang Menggunakan LabVIEW dan Sensor Ultrasonik

One of the important aspects in industrial field is a good material handling in logistics. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) can be an alternative to making an optimal logistics system. A widely used type of AGV based on its navigation system is line follower robot. This paper explains about applying the line follower robot integrated with LabVIEW to implement ultrasonic sensor as a radar to determine an empty space in logistic storage. The utilization of ultrasonic radar makes the searching process of empty space in the storage faster. Meanwhile, LabVIEW interface is used to help the operator to monitor material handling process. The result of the testing showed that ultrasonic sensor reading in Virtual Instrument LabVIEW has a good precision level when the line follower robot moves in a straight path. The error rate was 6,19% compared to the real situation.Salah satu aspek penting dalam dunia industri adalah penanganan material yang baik pada bagian logistik. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengoptimalkan sistem logistik tersebut. Jenis AGV yang banyak digunakan berdasarkan jenis navigasinya adalah robot pengikut garis. Pada artikel ini, dipaparkan penggunaan robot pengikut garis yang diintegrasikan dengan LabVIEW untuk mengimplementasikan sensor ultrasonik sebagai radar yang berfungsi menentukan lokasi kosong pada tempat penyimpanan barang. Penggunaan radar ultrasonik membuat pencarian ruang kosong pada tempat penyimpanan menjadi lebih cepat, sedangkan untuk membantu operator dalam memonitor proses penanganan material digunakan antarmuka LabVIEW. Berdasarkan hasil beberapa kali pengujian, pembacaan sensor ultrasonik pada Virtual Instrument LabVIEW memiliki tingkat presisi pembacaan cukup baik pada saat pengikut garis bergerak di lintasan lurus. Adapun kesalahan dalam pembacaan sebesar 6,19% dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebenarnya.

Design and Implementation of PID Control-based FSM Algorithm on Line Following Robot

Finite State Machine (FSM) is a control system methodology that describes system’s behavior using three things, namely: state, event, and action. On a program, the system would be in one active state. The system can switch or move to another state if it gets a certain input or event. In this paper, FSM based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller algorithm will be implemented on line follower robot. PID controller is one of system control methods that many used recently. FSM based on PID controller is implemented to keep robot tracking the line trajectory as well. The test result shows that designed algorithm can work well and can be used as a based algorithm of this robot.Keywords: algorithm, Finite State Machine (FSM), Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), robot, line follower

A Novel Design for the Autonomous Line Follower Robot Using Microcontroller PIC16F676

The Autonomous Line follower robot is a mobile machine that can detect and follow the line drawn which is predefined and can be visible black line on a white surface with a high contrasted colour. The Robot can sense the line with IR sensors installed beneath the robot. Data is transmitted to processor by specific transition buses to decide the proper commands and to the comparator and the path will be followed by the robot. The PIC16F676 controlled autonomous robot is designed and tested to encounter real life technical and mechanical problems.The following paper proposes a new model for line follower robots built using a single PIC16F676 microcontroller and this new model is not in existence before. This new proposed model uses IR sensors to enable the robot to be able to detect its path in the real time operation time, reasonably faster compared to line follower robots of similar types, operational model build with available components on the market and most importantly very economic considering making cost. The arrangement and circuitry design for in this new model is absent in all the other existing models. The technical and mechanical issues and problems also have been investigatedproperly for future improvements and modifications.

The Use of Computer Controlled Line Follower Robots in Public Transport

There is a need for technological reform and innovation in public transport because of the increasing number passengers. In order to ease up the problems arising from the increasing number of passengers, the number of services can be increased and the transit times between stops can be shortened, which result in drivers’ weariness and speeding leading to accidents. For that reason, the integration of technology to public transport becomes a must to prevent such accidents. This study aims to investigate “the use of computer controlled line follower robots in public transport”.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Robot Line Follower Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy

Line follower robot is a robot that can follow a line composed of a series of electronic components are equipped with wheels and driven by a motor. Controlling speed is very dependent on the speed limit and friction between the tire robot with the floor. The robots are designed to navigate and move automatically follow a flow line in order to get a response and speed are ideal.. The system consists of hardware and software. The hardware consists of a sensor such as a photodiode input, ATMEGA32 as microcontroller and DC motors. fuzzy logic is divided into three processes namely fuzzyfikasi, evaluation and defuzzyfikasi rule. Defuzzification a conversion step in fuzzy logic system to keluaran crisp value. The conversion result is an action taken by Fuzzy logic control system. The test results were obtained system is capable of identifying a straight line, turn lanes, and lane gray. The system is able to provide an ideal response and speed. input from the reading of the line will be processed by the control system fuzzy and outputs the result as the calculating of the motor speed. fuzzy control system can be an alternative technology development line follower robot control system.

Modularne środowisko do rywalizacji robotów sportowych śledzących linię

Modularne środowisko do rywalizacji robotów sportowych śledzących linię

Design of Robot Follower Line based on Labview Using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)

Abstract - Line follower is one of the automatic robots that can. The line follower robot uses line sensors as input readers to move the robot, the sensor reads the black line and the white track base. This research aims to be implemented in the State actually, her example robot introduction to food at a restaurant. On line follower robot using 3 pieces of infrared sensors, which serve as a reading of the black lines, 2 motor, which functions as an actuator, 1 piece motor driver L298 who serves as controller and motor, 1 piece Arduino Uno that serves as a processing system of line follower. After doing the research and testing of these systems can work well. The success rate of this system reaches 90%. From a level of success that reaches 90%, there is still a shortage of system on the performance of the sensor, because the light on in the received sensor in each room is different, so the sensor must be calibrated first. It needs a system of control to adjust the balance of the line follower robot, so that it can move with the steady and able to cope with disruptions given as the control balance control used Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) using application Labview. Can be simpulakan that the system can be implemented on actual circumstances.

IMPLEMENTATION OF LINE TRACING ALGORITHM FOR PATH TRACKING ROBOT

In the existing line follower robot, the robot operates as the name specifies. It is programmed to run on a black path on a white area and detects the turns and deviations and changes its movement appropriately. Arrays of IR sensors are used for detecting the path. Proposed project designed to work similar to line tracking robot. With slight modification, that reduces the complexity. By eliminating path, background and sensors we have reduced the complexity present in the existing system. RF technology is used in this project that helps in transferring the path drawn on the computer screen for the movement of Robot. The window to draw the line on computer screen is developed using C# language. And for tracing the path, we have used line algorithm which is aim of this project are used. And the robot is developed by using embedded application. H-bridge circuit is used to control the speed of the robot. Motor is used for the turning movement of Robot. From the computer, the path is transmitted and sensed by microcontroller. For turning of robot, differential steering is used. For each front and back wheel motors are used to rotate along the path. For controlling the two DC motors to navigate through its path, microcontroller is used. The mechanical constructional design and circuitry interfacing with microcontroller of robot has to be presented in this project along with computer side programming. Keywords— IRInfrared; RFRadio frequency; DCDirect Current; D2MASCdesign and develop a multipurpose autonomous smart car; CBLFRURFCommand based line following robot using RF technology. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Optimizing the Turning Velocity in a Line Follower Robot

In this paper, the analysis for data collected for two different line follower robots vehicles are presented. Keeping the hardware identical, the two vehicles were programmed with two different algorithms. When taking a turn, a correlation between its turning angle and the angle of line turn was observed. To find that correlation, experimental data was collected after varying critical parameters. After that, a mathematical representation was derived to calculate the required turning angle for any line angle.

Educational Model of Line Follower Robot LINA 2010

The paper deals with an educational model of line following robot LINA 2010. The model of the robot has been designed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice and is currently used in the educational process. The students also attend competition for the best designed algorithm for the robot, which helps with broadening skills and experience in this field of study.

Pid Controlled Line Follower Robot Design on Indoor 3D Networks

Pid Controlled Line Follower Robot Design on Indoor 3D Networks

IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ON A VISION NAVIGATION LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT

In a fast growing industrial world, carriers are required to carry products from one manufacturing plant to another which are usually in different buildings or separate blocks. This study intends to automate this sector using vision controlled mobile robots instead of laying railway tracks which are both expensive and inconvenient. To achieve this purpose an autonomous robot with computer vision as its primary sensor for gaining information about its environment for path following is developed. The proposed Line Follower Robot (LFR) consists of web cam mounted on the vehicle and connected to Matlab platform. A PID control algorithm will be applied to adjust the robot on the line. The proposed LFR is accomplished through the following stages: Firstly, the image is acquired using the web cam. The acquired RGB image is converted to another color coordinates for testing and comparing to choose the best color space. After that, the image contrast is enhanced using histogram equalization and then Wiener, Lee and Kuan filters are implemented to decide the best filter to be implemented. Subsequently, the basic morphological operations are carried out to choose the suitable operation to be utilized. The results are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively from the points of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), entropy and image smoothness. The results show that the closing process is more suitable for the vision enhancement purpose, as well as the wiener filter gives the best result as regards the time and efficiency. Besides, the demonstrated LFR is capable of tracking a pre specified colored line as long as it is different from the surroundings.