Line Extension Research Articles

Build it and they will come: How does a new public transit station influence building construction?

The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of the extension of a metro line on real estate development. An empirical analysis focuses on the relationship between proximity to new stations and the number of new constructions, both commercial and residential, from the announcement of the project. A matching approach based on pre-project characteristics is developed using a 2-km zone around the stations based on a hexagonal grid. The potential effects are separated into three distinct periods in order to identify the presence of speculation, anticipation and adjustment effects, i.e., during the announcement, the construction, and the opening of the line. The results suggest that new commercial buildings development occurs within 750 m of stations at the end of the process, while new residential development is primarily concentrated between 1000 and 1250 m and emerges at the beginning of the process. The joint increase in new residential and commercial constructions within direct proximity to the stations, after the service is in operation, underlines the growth of mixed-use neighborhoods, accommodating both residential and commercial activities.

Corporate entrepreneurship programmes as mechanisms to accelerate product innovations

Abstract This paper explores how firms engage in corporate entrepreneurship through programmes, and what kind of outcomes they achieve in terms of innovations. Insights are drawn from four cases of organisations that engaged in corporate entrepreneurial activities. The paper identifies two dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship programmes as idea themes, indicating whether programmes are designed with specific themes in mind, and idea ownership, indicating whether there is a dedicated team to focus on new ideas, or not. These dimensions are under the direct control of management. Based on these two dimensions, four models of corporate entrepreneurial activities are presented linking each of these models to one of the four cases of product innovations (product line extensions, product improvements, new products, start-up businesses). By drawing on the insights of the effectuation and causation logics, the paper provides a fresh perspective of corporate entrepreneurship programmes in an emerging, non-Western cultural setup and the product innovation context. This is primarily done by introducing a 2 × 2 matrix regarding corporate entrepreneurship idea themes and idea ownership in an emerging context.

GIS and Gravity Model-Based Accessibility Measure for Delhi Metro

Metro is a rapid transit mode that helps in fast and efficient movement of the public. To make metro journey more convenient and attractive, from origin to destination, accessibility of metro must be good. In this study, tri-level analysis is carried out for the study area of Delhi. Traffic congestion and environmental condition of Delhi are degrading continuously, and to improve the situation, a sustainable Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS) with high accessibility must be explored. In this paper, policy to improve zone to zone metro accessibility for work purpose is discussed and the relation between multimodal transport system with accessibility is studied using GIS (ArcGIS), macrosimulation software (VISUM) and gravity model. It was observed that by the addition and extension of metro lines, transport accessibility is greatly improved. This study shows that percentage of zones in Delhi with higher accessibility level could increase from 5 to 13.88% with the implementation of phase IV of metro. In addition, the implementation of phase IV metro could reduce the average travel time between zones and metro stations. It will also reduce the travel time between metro stations substantially (for the zones covered in this study the average travel time is reduced by 23.63% and for the station covered in this study the average travel time is reduced by 17.73%). Further, it was found that ‘out vehicle travel time’ (OVTT) is having a major impact on the accessibility of metro. Lastly, it was concluded that with the higher level of metro accessibility, people will prefer the multimodal transport system with metro as the main mode. Travel time isochrones for public and private trips for the estimated MMTS model are also presented in this paper to depict the changes in accessibility for different scenarios. This will further help in improving private transport accessibility by reducing congestion on roads. Thus, planning for transport accessibility helps in developing the city in a sustainable manner in the future.

Upward Product Line Extensions: The Longitudinal Interplay of Objective Service Performance, Overall Perceived Quality, and Purchase Amount

Upward Product Line Extensions: The Longitudinal Interplay of Objective Service Performance, Overall Perceived Quality, and Purchase Amount

Emulgel –Emerging as a Smarter Value-Added Product Line Extension for Topical Preparation

Topical products applied to skin in consistency from liquids to powder in formulation but the most popular product issemisolid preparation. In semisolid preparation comparison with others, the use of gels has been emerged for both in dermatologyand cosmetology. Despite of many advantages of gels one limitation for in delivery of hydrophobic drug moiety.Emulgel technique contains both oil and aqueous gel base so it can be used for hydrophobic drugs.Emulgel technique also useful for product line extension for drug available in ointment and cream formulation. Emulgel can also provide local concentration of drug in affected area so it is more effective than regular gel in curative aspects and more depth permeation of drug.Emulgelare thermodynamically stable systems having severalfeatures like enhanced permeability;prolong drug release,stability of emulsion and good thermodynamic stability. Fromthis review,we get the knowledge about emulgel formulation, advantages, characterizationand recent advances in the research field.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

Implant Related Artifact Around Metallic and Bio-Integrative Screws: A CT Scan 3D Hounsfield Unit Assessment

Category:Basic Sciences/Biologics; HindfootIntroduction/Purpose:Implant-related artifact (IRA) represents an important limitation in Computed Tomography (CT) assessment of osteotomy and fracture healing, bone-implant integration, and success of fusion procedures. Metallic implants are the most used in foot and ankle surgery and are recognized as important IRA generators. Absorbable and bio-integrative (BI) implants are attractive options for bone fixation when postoperative CT imaging is likely, particularly in procedures with higher risk for nonunion. However, the literature comparing IRA with metallic and BI implants is scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of IRA around metallic and BI cannulated screws. Our hypothesis was that BI implants would demonstrate significantly decreased IRA around the inserted screws.Methods:In this cadaveric/CT imaging study, 2 below-knee specimens were used. Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy was performed through a 5-cm long lateral heel approach. Calcaneal tuberosity was displaced medially by 10mm and fixed provisionally with 2 parallel K-wires under fluoroscopic guidance. Specimens were fixed with two headless 4.0 millimeters cannulated screws, either metallic or BI. Cone-beam CT imaging of both specimens was acquired following osteotomy screw fixation (120kVp, 5.5mA, 0.25mm isotropic). Using a dedicated software, the overall dispersion of Hounsfield units (HU) in a 3D cube of 30mm edge length was assessed. Four HU lines were then traced parallel to the screws, crossing the osteotomy site. Lines 1, 2, 3 and 4 were positioned respectively: In close proximity, over, inside the cannulation and away from the implant. The HU dispersion in these lines was measured and compared between metallic and BI implanted specimens, using T-tests/Wilcoxon analysis. P-values<0.05 were considered significant.Results:When compared to the BI implant, the average HU was pronouncedly and significantly increased around metallic implants in the lines with more close proximity (Line 1), over the screw wall (Line 2) and inside the screw cannulation (Line 3), when considering both the whole line extension inside the 3D cube as well as in a selected 8mm line-segment across the calcaneal osteotomy line: Line 1 (entire, 7.26 vs -159; selected, -5 vs -249) Line 2 (entire, 4.846 vs 108; selected, 6286 vs 151.2); Line 3 (entire, 1664 vs 144; selected, -277.7 vs 198.7) selected). However, across Line 4 (away from the implant), the HU dispersion was interestingly and significantly decreased around the metallic implant (entire, -49 vs 178.5; selected, -110 vs 221), potentially as result of beam hardening artifact, concentrating HU close to the metal, and shielding the surrounding cancellous bone from being accurately reconstructed.Conclusion:In this cadaveric imaging study, we compared Implant-related artifact (IRA) around metallic and bio-integrative (BI) implants utilized to fix medial displacement calcaneal osteotomies. We found metallic implants to demonstrate significantly and pronouncedly increased HU dispersion in in close proximity with the implants and significantly decreased dispersion more distantly from the implant, shielding the surrounding cancellous bone, and potentially hindering the assessment of bone density quality and bone/osteotomy/fusion healing in its neighborhood. BI implants represent an alternative to decrease these IRA effects. Additional clinical studies are needed to confirm and expand our findings.

How social communications affect product line design in the platform economy

The booming platform economy has made it very convenient for consumers to communicate with each other through social media whenever and wherever they want. As industry and academia have repeatedly confirmed, such social communications are now significantly changing firms' business and management practices. This paper studies how social communications affect an upstream firm's product line design in the platform economy when an online platform makes strategic contract choices. We show that for both wholesale and agency contracts, social communications increase the product line length while decreasing the product price and quality. We also identify the conditions under which social communications provide a firm with fewer incentives for product line extension under a wholesale contract than under an agency contract. On the platform side, we show that an agency contract can be preferred in the presence of social communications over a wholesale contract if and only if the commission rate is sufficiently high or both the commission rate and the product line extension fee are moderate.

Managing the severely atrophic maxilla: Farewell to zygomatic implants and extensive augmentations?

Background: Dental rehabilitation of severe atrophic upper jaws remains challenging. A new generation of subperiosteally placed and rigid multi-vector bone-anchored patient-specific implants proposes an innovative line extension in implant dentistry. This single-center retrospective study focused on treating severely atrophic maxillae using these implants.Methods: All patients who were treated with a patient-specific implant (IPS Implant® Preprosthetic, KLS-Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) at Hannover Medical School due to severe atrophy of the maxilla who had no history of malignancy, cleft lip or palate, or trauma were evaluated regarding implant stability and prosthetic restoration, as well as complications.Results: Out of a total of 58 inserted implants, 13 implants in 10 patients, which were placed to treat a severely atrophic upper jaw, were identified. The mean follow-up period was 8.2 months (1–29 months). All implants were clinically stable over the entire period. All patients with an observation period of over 2 months received prosthetics for restoration. Minor complications, screw fractures, infection, and exposure of the framework were observed, but these did not lead to failure.Conclusion: This initial follow-up suggests that this new generation of implants represents a valuable treatment alternative, especially for patients with a history of failed dental implant placement. Larger numbers of cases and longer observation periods are required to confirm our findings.

Spatiotemporal effects of proximity to metro extension on housing price dynamics in Manhattan, New York City

Investment in public transportation such as a metro line extension is often capitalized partially into housing values due to the spatiotemporal effects. Using housing transaction data from 2014 to 2019, this paper studies the Second Avenue Subway or Q-line extension in New York’s City’s Manhattan borough. Multiple metro station catchment areas were investigated using spatial autocorrelation-corrected hedonic pricing models to capture the variation of housing price dynamics. The results indicate that properties in closer proximity to the Q-line extension received higher price discounts. The effect varied by occupancy type and building form: condominiums experienced the highest price discount, while walk-up and elevator co-ops experienced a price premium. After controlling for location variations, we observed price discounts on the westside and price premiums on the eastside of the Q-line. Residential properties within 150 m west to the Q-line extension received the highest price discount post operation, while on the eastside, properties in the same proximity received the highest price premium. The anticipation effect varies by distance to metro extension stations, both before and after the operation of metro line extension. We discuss the disruption of metro construction on the housing market depending on housing type, location variation, and changes over time.

Comparison of clockwise and counterclockwise right atrial flutter using high-resolution mapping

Abstract Background To the best of our knowledge, few studies have been performed that explore the electrophysiological differences between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) right atrial (RA) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) using the high-resolution Rhythmia mapping system. Objectives. Accordingly, our prospective cohort study, sought to compare CW and CCW CTI-dependent AFL in preselected pure right AFL patients (pts) using the ultra-high-definition (ultra-HD) Rhythmia mapping system. The study also aimed to mathematically develop a cartography model based on automatic velocity RA measurements to identify electrophysiological AFL specificities. Methods and results Between October 2019 and July 2020, 33 patients were recruited. The mean age was 71±13 years old. No difference was found concerning clinical variables between CCW AFL and CW AFL or regarding left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (55.5±10 vs. 56.6±12; p=0.76). The AFL cycle length was very similar (248±20 vs. 252±28 ms; p=0.6). The sinus venosus (SV) block line was present in 32/33 of cases (97%) and no significant difference was found between CCW and CW CTI AFL (100% vs. 91%; p=0.7). No line was localized in the region of the crista terminalis (CT). A superior gap was present in the posterior line in 14/31 (45.2%) but this was similarly present in CCW AFL, when compared to CW AFL (10/22 [45.5%] vs. (4/10 [40%]); p=0.9). When present, the extension of the posterior line of block was observed in 18/31 pts (58%) without significant differences between CCW and CW CI AFL (12/22 [54.5%] vs. (6/10 [60%]) (p=.9) The Eustachian ridge line of block was similarly present in both groups (82% [18/22] vs. 45.5% [5/11]; p=0.2). The absence of the Eustachian ridge line of block led to significantly slowed velocity in this area (28±10cm/s; n=8),and the velocities were similarly altered between both groups (26±10 [4/22] vs. 29.8±11cm/s [4/11]; p=0.6). We created mathematical, three-dimensional RA reconstruction-velocity model measurements. In each block localization, when the block line was absent, velocity was significantly slowed (≤20cm/s). A systematic slowdown in conduction velocity was observed at the entrance and exit of the CTI in 100% of cases. This alteration to the conduction entrance was localized at the lateral side of the CTI for the CCW AFL and at the septal side of the CTI for CW AFL. The exit-conduction alteration was localized at the CTI septal side for the CCW AFL and at the CTI lateral side for the CW AFL. The only differences between CW and CCW AFL concerned activation patterns. Conclusions The ultra-HD Rhythmia mapping system confirmed the absence of significant electrophysiological differences between CCW and CW AFL. The mechanistic posterior SV and Eustachian ridge block lines were confirmed in each arrhythmia. A systematic slowing down at the entrance and exit of the CTI was demonstrated in both CCW and CW AFL, but in reverse positions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Expanding Nature: Product line and brand extensions of a scientific journal

AbstractAcademic publishers now market their most prestigious journals as commercial brands. This paper investigates this trend in the scholarly publishing market, by analyzing how the successive owners of the journal Nature have capitalized on its reputation to generate additional profits to those already accumulated through university library subscriptions. Two branding strategies of the journal Nature are analyzed: the first one, product line extension, consists in extending the Nature brand in the same product category, by creating an ever‐increasing number of derived Nature journals; the second one, brand extension, consists in extending the Nature brand to other categories of products and services, such as academic rankings, sponsored supplements, feature advertisements, or webinars and trainings. The Nature brand leveraging strategy has been imitated by many other journal publishers. These branded products and services are well suited to the particular dynamics of the scientific field, which is based on the continuous quest for recognition. They are thus sold at all stages of the research cycle, from writing grants to popularizing research results, to scientists and academic institutions competing to accumulate symbolic capital. In this respect, academic publishers that engage in scholarly journal branding contribute to the transformation of the scientific ‘community’ into a scientific market.

Shot Distribution and Accuracy in Senior and Youth International Basketball Games: Changes over the Decade of the 2010s.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in shot distribution and accuracy in senior and under-17 international basketball tournaments in the 2010s. A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed, and a total of 1055 games from 20 world-level tournaments held between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed. The tournaments held in 2010 were played under the old three-point line (6.25 m), and the rest of the tournaments were played under the new three-point line (6.75 m). The numbers of two- and three-point shot attempts in each game were normalized to 100 possessions. Differences in mean values of two- and three-point shot attempts were analyzed by a two-way (category × year) between-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in the success rates of two- and three-point shots were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. There was no significant category × year interaction for two-point shot attempts. However, there were significant main effects of category and year for two-point shot attempts. The number of two-point shot attempts increased significantly in 2012 and, in 2016, returned to a level not significantly different from that in 2010, independent of categories. There was a significant category × year interaction for three-point shot attempts. The number of three-point shot attempts decreased significantly in 2012 and, by 2016, returned to a level not significantly different from that in 2010 in senior men and under-17 women. There was no significant change in the number of three-point shot attempts in under-17 men. The effect of the extension of the three-point line on shot accuracy was limited. Differences in shot accuracy were prominent between age categories: the accuracy was lower in under-17 games than in senior games for both sexes. Although under-17 men attempted fewer three-point shots than senior men, under-17 women attempted a similar number of or more three-point shots than senior women. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of age and sex differences in recent trends in international basketball.

Mobility surveys beyond stated preference: introducing MyTrips, an SP-off-RP survey tool, and results of two case studies

When introducing new mobility offers or measures to influence traffic, stated preference (SP) surveys are often used to assess their impact. In SP surveys, respondents do not answer questions about their actual behaviour, but about hypothetical settings. Therefore, answers are often biased. To minimise this hypothetical bias, so-called stated preference-off-revealed preference (SP-off-RP) surveys were developed. They base SP questions on respondents’ revealed behaviour and place unknown scenarios in a familiar context. Until now, this method was applied mostly to scenarios investigating the willingness to pay. The application to more complex mode or route choice problems, which require the calculation of routes, has not yet been done. In this paper, the MyTrips survey tool for the collection of SP-off-RP data based on respondents’ actual mobility behaviour is presented. SP questions are based on alternatives to typical routes of respondents, which are calculated on the fly with an intermodal router. MyTrips includes a larger survey and collects mobility diaries for one day representing respondents’ daily routine, calculates alternative routes and creates SP questions based on a Bayesian optimal design. Results from two case studies investigating behaviour changes are presented. The first case study investigated the extension of a subway line in Vienna, Austria. The second case study focused on the introduction of micro transit vehicles in a rural setting, replacing infrequent bus services. Results of the two case studies show a difference in response behaviour between SP and RP settings and suggest a reduction of hypothetical bias. For the latter study, a Latent Class SP-off-RP model was estimated. It shows that availability and accessibility of public transport are the main influences on the willingness to use it, independent of other household characteristics.

Variations of en Bloc Resection for Advanced External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Detailed Anatomical Considerations.

Simple SummaryFrom the viewpoint of surgical anatomy, surgical patterns of temporal bone cutting to achieve negative margin resection for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal can be divided into four categories: conventional lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR), extended LTBR, conventional subtotal temporal bone resection (STBR), and modified STBR. Extended LTBR is divided into four types: superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior procedures. Several directional extension procedures can be combined based on the extension of the tumor to achieve negative margin resection. Furthermore, en bloc resection with the temporomandibular joint or glenoid fossa increases the technical difficulty of a surgical procedure because the exposure and manipulation of the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery are limited from the middle cranial fossa. Accurate preoperative evaluation of the tumor extension and preoperative consideration of the exact resection line are required to achieve negative margin resection.Currently, only lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) and subtotal temporal bone resection (STBR) are widely utilized for the surgical treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EAC-SCC). However, there are few descriptions of variations on these surgical approaches. This study aimed to elucidate the variations of en bloc resection for advanced EAC-SCC. We dissected the four sides of cadaveric heads to reveal the anatomical structures related to temporal bone resection. From the viewpoint of surgical anatomy, surgical patterns of temporal bone cutting can be divided into four categories: conventional LTBR, extended LTBR, conventional STBR, and modified STBR. Extended LTBR is divided into four types: superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior extensions. Several extension procedures can be combined based on the extension of the tumor. Furthermore, en bloc resection with the temporomandibular joint or glenoid fossa increases the technical difficulty of a surgical procedure because the exposure and manipulation of the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery are limited from the middle cranial fossa. Surgical approaches for advanced SCC of the temporal bone are diverse. They require accurate preoperative evaluation of the tumor extension and preoperative consideration of the exact line of resection to achieve marginal negative resection.

Diagnosing Fractures of the Distal Tibial Articular Surface in Tibia Shaft Fractures: Is Computed Tomography Always Necessary?

To identify the incidence of distal articular fractures in a series of distal third tibia shaft fractures and to report the utility of both computed tomography (CT) scans and Radiographic Investigation of the Distal Extension of Fractures into the Articular Surface of the Tibia (RIDEFAST) ratios for identification of articular involvement. Retrospective cohort. Level 1 trauma center. Four hundred seventeen patients with distal third tibia shaft fractures were included in the study. Intramedullary nail or plate fixation. Type of articular fracture, time of diagnosis, and RIDEFAST ratios. One hundred one of the 417 distal third fractures (24%) had a fracture of the distal tibia articular surface. Of these 101 fractures, 41 (41%) represented an extension of the primary fracture line and 60 (59%) were separate malleolar fractures. Of the 101 articular fractures, 95 (94%) were identified preoperatively and 6 (6%) were identified intraoperatively. Of the 95 fractures identified preoperatively, 87 (92%) were identified on plain radiographs and 8 (8%) by CT scan. Thirty-five preoperative CT scans were performed on distal third tibia shaft fractures in search of an intra-articular fracture. In 27 patients (77%), no articular fracture was present, representing an overall yield of 23% among CT scans performed to rule out an articular fracture in distal third tibia shaft fractures. RIDEFAST ratios for all 101 distal tibia shaft fractures with articular involvement and 100 fractures with no articular involvement were not significantly different (P > 0.05) using both coronal and sagittal plane measurements. CT scans performed on distal third tibia shaft fractures in search of articular fractures had a low yield (23%). Widespread use of CT scan to diagnose fractures of the distal tibia articular surface in the setting of distal tibia shaft fractures does not seem warranted. No statistically significant differences in RIDEFAST ratios were found between fractures with and without articular involvement, indicating that more work is necessary before RIDEFAST can be used to reliably rule out articular involvement in this setting. Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Start-ups' innovation processes and performance in the food industry: a stochastic frontier analysis

PurposeThe food industry has always been supplier dominated, characterised by low research intensity, product line extensions and me-too products. However, recent changes have led new firms operating in the food industry to invest in research and development (R&D) activities in order to introduce innovations into the market and achieve superior performance. This paper aims to verify whether these changes are noteworthy by investigating whether and which innovation-related factors (investments in R&D activities, qualified scientists/engineers and holding a patent) can affect the performance of food start-ups.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 108 innovative start-ups operating in the food industry in Italy was selected, and a stochastic frontier analysis was carried out. This methodology was chosen because of the factorisation of the error term, which is divided into a unilateral component (revealing the inefficiency of the statistical model) and a symmetric component (revealing random gaps).FindingsStatistical elaborations provide two interesting results. One concerns the error term (only random inefficiency affects results) and the other relates to innovation-related factors. Only investments in R&D activities positively affect the performance of innovative start-ups in the Italian food industry.Originality/valueResults confirm the relevance of investments in R&D activities for Italian start-ups aiming to achieve superior performance in the food industry. These results confirm relevant changes are occurring in what was a supplier-dominated industry and disclose how start-ups should master the dynamics of innovation and allow for speculation on future industry trends.

Different medico legal issues in deaths due to entrapment with animal electric traps; a study on selection of cases from the Southern Province, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Deaths due to electrocution involve both low and high voltage current and the manner of death is almost always accidental. Deliberate electrocution of wild animals by an unsafe extension of an electric line is made by drawing an electric connection from the low voltage utility bare lines. The entrapment of humans in these electric traps is observed in several geographical areas in Sri Lanka. The study intends to raise different medico legal issues pertaining to these deaths in a selected sample. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out on 13 outdoor electrocution deaths due to contact with animal electric traps. The medico legal autopsies were carried out by the researchers and the data were collected from the autopsy and scene visit findings, police reports and the inquirers’ reports. Results: All the victims were adult males. The electric entry mark which is the hallmark of forensic diagnosis of electrocution was observed in all 13 dead bodies. It was characterised by a groove with charring at the base in 12 deaths. The macroscopic and microscopic features of electrocution were observed even in severely decomposed bodies. The cause of death was in all cases was determined as electrocution and the manner of death was determined as accidental. The trappers in 9 incidences were identified but none of them were prosecuted for breaching the laws of the Electricity Act or the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance of SriLanka. Conclusions: The scene visit examination was helpful to determine the manner of death and was determined as accidental which may be debatable according to the law of the country.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Battery Electric Trains and Recharging Infrastructure Alternatives Integrating Adjacent Renewable Energy Sources

Battery electric multiple units (BEMU) are an effective path towards a decarbonized regional rail transport on partly electrified rail lines. As a means of sector coupling, the BEMU recharging energy demand provided through overhead line islands can be covered from decentralized renewable energy sources (RES). Thus, fully carbon-free electricity for rail transport purposes can be obtained. In this study, we analyze cost reduction potentials of efficient recharging infrastructure positioning and the feasibility of covering BEMU energy demand by direct-use of locally produced renewable electricity. Therefore, we set up a model-based approach which assesses relevant lifecycle costs (LCC) of different trackside electrification alternatives comparing energy supply from local RES and grid consumption. The model-based approach is applied to the example of a German regional rail line. In the case of an overhead line island, the direct-use of electricity from adjacent wind power plants with on-site battery storage results in relevant LCC of EUR 173.4 M/30a, while grid consumption results in EUR 176.2 M/30a whereas full electrification results in EUR 224.5 M/30a. Depending on site-specific factors such as existing electrification and line lengths, BEMU operation and partial overhead line extension can lead to significant cost reductions of recharging infrastructure as compared to full electrification.

Exploring Consumer Reviews for Men’s Fashion Accessories in Online Purchase Platforms Using Sentiment Analysis

The recent trend in the Indian menswear market has witnessed the infusion of western styles. Result of this is a promising market in India for men’s fashion accessories like caps, sunglasses, bracelets, rings etc. One among the accessories is earrings for man. This product category has got line extensions like studs, hoops, non-piercing magnetic type and piercing studs etc. Keeping in consideration the whooping growth of the men’s earrings market in the online purchase platforms, this study is done with an objective to explore the reviews for this product category to arrive at some insights. For this study descriptive research design has been adopted. Using the scraper tool in Python software, the data (user’s reviews for men’s earrings) was collected from the top two online vendors in India (Amazon and Flipkart). Sentiment analysis is done with R software using the text analytical package “sentiment”. Then the sentiment scores was deployed in ANOVA to test for any significant differences in star ratings and the product variant purchased by the customer taking the Comment Sentiment Scores and Title Sentiment Score. The results have shown that there is a significant difference between the star ratings and Comment Sentiment Scores, Title Sentiment Score. Bivariate correlation is applied to test the relationship between Comment Sentiment Score, Title Sentiment Score and star ratings. The result revealed that star ratings, Comment Sentiment Scores and Title Sentiment Score have a significant relationship with each other.

Comparison of clockwise and counterclockwise right atrial flutter using high-resolution mapping and automated velocity measurements.

Only few studies have been performed that explore the electrophysiological differences between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) right atrial (RA) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter (AFL) using the high-resolution Rhythmia mapping system. We sought to compare CW and CCW CTI-dependent AFL in pure right AFL patients (pts) using the ultra-high-definition (ultra-HD) Rhythmia mapping system and we mathematically developed a cartography model based on automatic velocity RA measurements to identify electrophysiological AFL specificities. Thirty-three pts were recruited. The mean age was 71 ± 13 years old. The sinus venosus (SV) block line was present in 32/33 of cases (97%) and no significant difference was found between CCW and CW CTI AFL (100% vs. 91%; p = .7). No line was localized in the region of the crista terminalis (CT). A superior gap was present in the posterior line in 14/31 (45.2%) but this was similarly present in CCW AFL, when compared to CW AFL (10/22 [45.5%] vs. 4/10 [40%]; p = .9). When present, the extension of the posterior line of block was observed in 18/31 pts (58%) without significant differences between CCW and CW CI AFL (12/22 [54.5%] vs. 6/10 [60%]; p = .9) The Eustachian ridge line of block was similarly present in both groups (82% [18/22] vs. 45.5% [5/11]; p = .2). The absence of the Eustachian ridge line of block led to significantly slowed velocity in this area (28 ± 10 cm/s; n = 8), and the velocities were similarly altered between both groups (26 ± 10 [4/22] vs. 29.8 ± 11 cm/s [4/11]; p = .6). We created mathematical, three-dimensional RA reconstruction-velocity model measurements. In each block localization, when the block line was absent, velocity was significantly slowed (≤20 cm/s). A systematic slowdown in conduction velocity was observed at the entrance and exit of the CTI in 100% of cases. This alteration to the conduction entrance was localized at the lateral side of the CTI for the CCW AFL and at the septal side of the CTI for CW AFL. The exit-conduction alteration was localized at the CTI septal side for the CCW AFL and at the CTI lateral side for the CW AFL. The ultra-HD Rhythmia mapping system confirmed the absence of significant electrophysiological differences between CCW and CW AFL. The mechanistic posterior SV and Eustachian ridge block lines were confirmed in each arrhythmia. A systematic slowing down at the entrance and exit of the CTI was demonstrated in both CCW and CW AFL, but in reverse positions.