Limonium Gmelinii Research Articles

Structural and molecular strategy of photosynthetic apparatus organisation of wild flora halophytes

Structural and molecular parameters of photosynthetic apparatus in plants with different strategies for the accumulation of salts were investigated. CO2 gas exchange rate, content of pigments, mesostructure, chloroplast ultrastructure and the biochemical composition of the membrane structural components in leaves were measured. The objects of the study were euhalophytes (Salicornia perennans, Suaeda salsa, Halocnemum strobilaceum), crynohalophyte (Limonium gmelinii), glycohalophyte (Artemisia santonica). Euhalophytes S. perennans and S. salsa belong to the plants of the halosucculent type, three other species represent the xerophilic type. The highest photosynthetic activity estimated by the average parameters of CO2 gas exchange rate in the leaves was observed in S. perennans plants. Plants of the xerophyte type including both H. strobilaceum euhalophyte and cryno- and glycohalophytes are described by lower values of these characteristics. Larger cells with a great number of chloroplasts and a high content of membrane glycerolipids and unsaturated C18:3 fatty acid, but with smaller pigment and light-harvesting complexes size characterise the features of euhalophytes with a succulent leaf type. Thus, features of the mesostructure, ultrastructure, and supramolecular interactions of the halophyte PA were closely related to the functional parameters of gas exchange, and were characterised by the strategy of species in relation to the accumulation of salts, the life form of plants, and the attitude to the method of water regulation.

Distribution pattern and salt excretion rate of salt glands in two recretohalophyte species of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae)

Salt glands are the unique salt-excreting structures of recretohalophytes. The most important strategy by which recretohalophytes tolerate salinity is to excrete excess salt via salt glands. However, little is known about how the salt gland distribution pattern and salt excretion rate of dicotyledon recretohalophytes are correlated with salinity. This work focuses on the salt gland distribution patterns and excretion rates in two Limonium species of Plumbaginaceae under control conditions and NaCl stress. In the two dicotyledonous recretohalophytes, Limonium bicolor and Limonium gmelinii, the majority of the salt glands and veins were separated by no more than one epidermal cell, and the percentage of salt glands near veins of L. bicolor was greater than that of L. gmelinii. No salt glands were located alongside one another in either of the Limonium species and the salt glands and stomata were usually separated by more than one epidermal cell. The salt gland density on the adaxial epidermis of L. bicolor was greater than that of the abaxial epidermis whereas L. gmelinii showed the opposite trend. The optimal NaCl concentrations for maximal biomass were 100mM for L. bicolor and 50mM for L. gmelinii. Salt gland and stomata density increased when the NaCl concentration was higher than the optimal concentration. The Na+ excretion rate of a single salt gland in both Limonium species increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. These results suggest that salt gland distribution patterns and excretion rates are positively correlated with salt tolerance.

Antigenotoxic activity of biologically active substances from Inula britannica and Limonium gmelini

The antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of biologically active substances of extracts from Inula britannica L. and Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze in E. coli strains MG1655 (pColD-lux), MG1655 (pSoxS-lux), and MG1655 (pKatG-lux) were studied by the bioluminescent test. Plant extracts from I. britannica and L. gmelinii in all used concentrations (0.5, 5.0, 50.0, and 500.0 μg/mL) had no genotoxic or oxidant activity. The extracts statistically significantly reduced the bioluminescence intensity of the pColD-lux, pKatG-lux, and pSoxS-lux sensors (p < 0.05) induced by 4-NQO and dioxidine, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat, respectively. The activity of the extracts depended on their concentration; the greatest antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects were detected at a concentration of 500.0 μg/mL.

Phytochemical characterization and biological activity of secondary metabolites from three Limonium species

The comparative phytochemical constituents of three Limonium species Limonium myrianthum, Limonium leptophyllum, and Limonium gmelinii afforded a new compound (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-2-methylbutyl gallate (1) and twenty known compounds (2–21). Each species displayed different profiles in their phytochemical constituents. The isolated compounds (1–21) were evaluated for antifungal, antimalarial, and antitrypanosomal activities. Compound 1 showed good activity against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of malaria, while compound 5 displayed moderate antimalarial activity. Compound 14 showed a significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei.

Hepatoprotective Action of Phytopreparation from Limonium gmelinii

&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Effects of phytopreparation from a plant of &lt;em&gt;Limonium gmelinii&lt;/em&gt; were studied on livers of white breedless rats at chronic impact of cadmium sulfate and carbon tetrachloride. It was established the administration of cadmium sulfate during six months caused chronic hepatitis, while the simultaneous administration of preparation from &lt;em&gt;Limonium gmelinii&lt;/em&gt; and cadmium sulfate did not result of destructive changes in a liver. Chronic intoxication of the animals by carbon tetrachloride during six months caused progressive postnecrotic cirrhosis. The simultaneous administration of phytopreparation and carbon tetrachloride caused postnecrotic fibrosis in the central part of hepatic lobule only. Not only dystrophic and necrobiotic processes also numerous inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in hepatic parenchyma of animals which were treated by cadmium sulfate and carbon tetrachloride, while it was not observed at animals which were medicated with phytopreparation. Thus, on the basis of the data was concluded about hepatoprotective action of phytopreparation from&lt;em&gt; Limonium gmelinii&lt;/em&gt;.

STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF PLANT EXTRACTS, POSSESSING ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT AGAINST VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR, USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Study the composition of plant extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. (HPLC) and evaluation of their antimicrobial effect against Vibrio cholerae El Tor. Qualitative and quantitative composition of plant extracts was studied using HPLC. Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was carried out by diffusion into agar method and serial dilutions method. Antibacterial effect of water, water-alcohol and acetone extracts of roots of Limonium gmelinii L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was studied. The most effective methods of extraction of biologically active substances, possessing antimicrobial effect against various strains of V. cholerae El Tor, were determined. The use of HPLC allowed to establish the presence of catechines, alkaloids protoberberines and glycyrrhizic acid in xtracts, possessing antimicrobial effect against V. cholera El Tor strains.

Biochemical conditionality of differentiation of halophytes by the type of regulation of salt metabolism in Prieltonye

The elemental composition and the content of pigments, proteins, lipids, free amino acids, and antioxidants of five wild halophyte species in Prieltonye were investigated. Plants differed in systematic location (Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Asteraceae), the type of regulation of salt metabolism (eu-, cryno, and glycohalophytes), life form (annual grasses, shrubs), and the water regime (mesoxerophytes, xeromesophytes). A decrease in the ion content of K, Na, Ca among Suaeda linifolia > Salicornia perennans > Halocnemum strobilaceum > Limonium gmelinii > Artemisia santonica was noted. The reversed pattern was observed for the content of C. The increase in the total content of C in glyco-, cryno-, and euhalophytes was accompanied by an increased content of total and membrane lipids, proteins, and pigments. Halophytes varied considerably in terms of components of the antioxidant system—the content of endogenous proline, soluble protein, and lipid peroxidation and the level of total SOD activity. Cluster analysis revealed that the differentiation of the studied halophyte species by the type of regulation of salt metabolism was mostly determined by biochemical parameters.

Creation of medicinal products on the basis of Limonium gmelinii

Creation of medicinal products on the basis of Limonium gmelinii

Structural and functional organization of the photosynthetic apparatus in halophytes with different strategies of salt tolerance

The specific features of the structural and functional organisation of the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) were studied in wild halophytes representing three strategies of salt tolerance: euhalophyte Salicornia perennans, crynohalophyte Limonium gmelinii, and glycohalophyte Artemisia santonica. The sodium content in aboveground parts of the plants corresponded to the strategy of salt tolerance. The photosynthetic cells of the euhalophyte were large and contained a higher number of chloroplasts than those in other species. In contrast, the number of cells per a leaf area unit was lower in S. perennans as compared to cryno- and glycohalophytes. Thereupon, the cell and chloroplast surface area per leaf area unit declined in the following sequence: A. santonica > L. gmelinii > S. perennans. However, the large cells of euhalophyte contained chloroplasts of larger sizes with 4- to 5-fold higher chlorophyll (Chl) content per chloroplast and Chl concentration in chloroplast volume unit. Also, chloroplasts of S. perennans were characterised by the higher content of glyco- and phospholipids. Qualitative composition of fatty acids (FA) in lipids isolated from the chloroplast-enriched fraction was similar in all three species; however, the index of unsaturation of FA was higher in glycohalophyte A. santonica than those in two other species. Under natural condition, PSA of all three halophytes showed high resistance to soil salinity. The results indicated tolerance of PSII to the photodamage in halophytes. The high rate of electron transport through PSII can be important to prevent oxidative damage of PSA in halophytes under strong light and hight temperature in vivo. Thus, the strategy of salt tolerance is provided by both the leaf anatomical structure and the ultrastructure of photosynthetic membranes, which is determined in particular by the specific composition of lipids.

Суходольные луга северной лесостепи и подтайги Тобол-Иртышского междуречья

Суходольные луга северной лесостепи и подтайги Тобол-Иртышского междуречья

High occurrence of rare inland halophytes on post‐mining sites in western Ukraine

Rare inland halophytic vegetation including the associations Salicornietum prostratae, Spergulario marginatae‐Suaedetum prostratae, Puccinellietum limosae, com. Puccinellietum limosae – a variant of Aster tripolium subsp. pannonicus and Astero pannonici‐Bolboschoenetum compacti have been found on 3 localities in the Drohobych region of western Ukraine. These are isolated (‘island’) localities, almost unknown until today. Halophytes grew there on salted sites in the vicinity of the old salt industry. Species of halophytes previously not known from this region were discovered: Aster tripolium subsp. pannonicus, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Gypsophila paniculata, Limonium gmelinii, Lotus tenuis, Puccinellia distans, Sonchus palustris, Suaeda prostrata, Trifolium fragiferum var. bonannii, Triglochin maritima, Typha laxmannii and Zannichellia palustris subsp. pedicellata. The occurence of these plants strictly depends on the presence of salt in the soil and they are endangered by shrinkage of salted sites following the termination of the salt industry in Drohobych region.

Leaf structural adaptations of two Limonium miller (Plumbaginales, Plumbaginaceae) taxa

Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) O. Kuntze 1891 subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) So? is Pannonian endemic subspecies that inhabits continental halobiomes, while Limonium anfractum (Salmon) Salmon 1924 is one of the indicators of halophyte vegetation of marine rocks and its distribution is restricted to the southern parts of Mediterranean Sea coast. In this work, micromorphological and anatomical characters of leaves of these two Limonium taxa were analyzed, in order to examine their adaptations to specific environmental conditions on saline habitats. The results showed that both taxa exhibited strong xeromorphic adaptations that reflected in flat cell walls of epidermal cells, thick cuticle, high palisade/spongy tissue ratio, high index of palisade cells, the presence of sclereid idioblasts in leaf mesophyll and mechanical tissue by phloem and xylem. Both taxa are crynohalophytes and have salt glands on adaxial and abaxial epidermis for excretion of surplus salt. Relatively high dimensions of mesophyll cells, absence of non-glandular hairs and unprotected stomata slightly increased above the level of epidermal cells, are also adaptations to increased salinity.

Standardization, biological activity and application of medicines from plants Limonium gmelinii

There are the data on the chemical study for plants of the genus Limonium gmelinii and of the creation on their basis the effective medicines of wide action range which introduced into practical medicine.

Efficiency of application of the new original structured nanosorbents for purification and separation of medicinal substances

In the article results are reflected on establishment of quality of medical plants (Alhagi Kirgisorum Schrenk, Tamarix hispida, Climacoptera obtusifolia, Limonium gmelinii), to development of optimum charts of separation from them of complexes of bioactive compounds and their isolation on the sorbents of original production.

Potential of salt-accumulating and salt-secreting halophytic plants for recycling sodium chloride in human urine in bioregenerative life support systems

This study addresses the possibility of growing different halophytic plants on mineralized human urine as a way to recycle NaCl from human wastes in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Two halophytic plant species were studied: the salt-accumulating Salicornia europaea and the salt-secreting Limonium gmelinii. During the first two weeks, plants were grown on Knop’s solution, then an average daily amount of urine produced by one human, which had been preliminarily mineralized, was gradually added to the experimental solutions. Nutrient solutions simulating urine mineral composition were gradually added to control solutions. NaCl concentrations in the stock solutions added to the experimental and control solutions were 9 g/L in the first treatment and 20 g/L in the second treatment. The mineralized human urine showed some inhibitory effects on S. europaea and L. gmelinii. The biomass yield of experimental plants was lower than that of control ones. If calculated for the same time period (120 d) and area (1 m 2), the amount of sodium chloride taken up by S. europaea plants would be 11.7 times larger than the amount taken up by L. gmelinii plants (486 g/m 2 vs. 41 g/m 2). Thus, S. europaea is the better choice of halophyte for recycling sodium chloride from human wastes in BLSS.

Gmelinoside I, a New Flavonol Glycoside from Limonium gmelinii

Gmelinoside I (1), a new flavonol glycoside, was isolated and chemically characterized as 3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexahydroxy-3-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylflavone from the aerial part of Limonium gmelinii Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae).. Other compounds were identified as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, myricetin, myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside-6"-O-gallate and caprolactam. The antibacterial, antifungal and antileishmanial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Myricetin showed moderate antileishmanial activity.

A New Flavonol Glycoside from Limonium gmelinii

Gmelinoside I (1), a new flavonol glycoside, was isolated and chemically characterized as 3,5,7,3′,4′,5′-hexahydroxy-3-O-α-D-galactopyranosylflavone from the aerial part of Limonium gmelinii (Plumbaginaceae) by UV, IR, ID and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Five compounds (2–6) were also isolated and identified as, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (2), myricetin (3), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside-6((Prime))-O-gallate (5) and caprolactam (6). The antibacterial, antifungal and antileishmanial activities [1] of the isolated compounds were evaluated.

Cercosporella jaapiana . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cercosporella jaapiana , which sometimes causes severe damage to Goniolimon and Limonium leaves. Some information on its interactions and habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with its geographical distribution (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Romania, Ukraine and UK) and hosts ( Goniolimon eximium, G. tataricum, Limonium gmelinii, L. humile, L. hypanicum, L. meyeri, L. otolepis, L. platyphyllum, L. vulgare, L. vulgare subsp. serotinum and Limonium sp.).

The antioxidant characteristics of medicinal plant extracts from Western Siberia

An antioxidant activity of the water-alcohol extracts of leaves of ten herbs from Western Siberia was studied. In vivo the capability of extracts to protect cells of Escherichia coli against the bacteriostatic action of H2O2 and the influence of the extracts on the expression of the antioxidant gene katG coding catalase-hydroperoxidase I were investigated. In vitro the radical-binding activity with DPhPG (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical), the chelating capability with ferrozine, and total composition of flavonoids and tannins were determined. The extracts of Filipendula stepposa and Limonium gmelinii were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity. According to data, the test extracts could have an antioxidant effect on bacteria in different ways at once including the direct inhibition of ROS (reactive oxygen species), iron ion chelation and antioxidant gene induction.

Mutagenic effect of the rocket fuel component unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on rats of different age

Mutagenic effect of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) on rats of different age groups upon acute and subacute treatment and protective effect of a Limonium gmelinii preparation. Genotoxic effect of UDMH depending on the dose and duration of treatment was established. The phytopreparation lacked mutagenicity and toxicity and had a protective effect in combination with the xenobiotic.