Limitations Of Technology Research Articles

Gas hydrates in future food production: A comprehensive review of the potential of an emerging technology

AbstractThis review aims to explore the potential of hydrate technology, an emerging and innovative approach in the food and beverage sector for applications such as food preservation, carbonation, baking agents, and juice concentration. In particular, the latest advancements and limitations of hydrate technology are explored and discussed. Based on a collection of experimental and modeling data available elsewhere in literature, the dynamics of hydrate formation in the presence of food produce and beverages and their influence on growth kinetics, preservation, nutritional content, sensory qualities, and separation efficiency are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review analyses thermodynamic and kinetic studies, modeling, and process engineering of hydrate technology. The goal is to bridge the gap between fundamental scientific insight and industrial‐scale adoption of gas hydrate utilization in food separation processes.

A Numerical Analysis of the Descending Behaviors of Clusters at the Wall of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser

Particle clusters at the wall of the CFB riser have significant effects on the bed-to-wall heat transfer and abrasion, while their descending behaviors are not well understood because the entire descending process is difficult to track with experiments, due to the limitations of measurement technology. In this study, the gas–particle two-phase flow in the CFB riser is simulated using the LES-DSMC method. The entire descending process of the cluster is recognized using a method that involves identifying the continuity of periods in which clusters appear in the successive cells at the wall. Then, the transient velocity, drag force, and particle concentration of the descending cluster as a function of its traveling distance are obtained. The results show that the descending clusters at the wall of the CFB riser are dynamic collections of particles. Their lifetimes are in the range of 0.2~0.5 s. During the descending processes, they are accelerated, and their particle concentrations are continuously decreased. The variation in the particle concentration, velocity, and drag force of different descending clusters indicates that they travel highly similar distances and fluidization velocity has little effect on them.

Structural Colors Go Active.

Structural colors find wide applications for color printing, intelligent display, filtering imaging, etc., owing to their benefits, including high resolution, stable properties, and dynamic tunability. This review first illustrates the mechanisms of structural color generation, such as surface plasmon resonances, localized surface plasmon resonances, Fabry-Perot resonances, Mie resonances, etc. It then proposes the recent technological strategies employed to realize dynamic structural colors. The integration of structural colors with functional materials like phase-change, along with the development of color dynamic control mechanisms such as microfluidic chips, micro-electro-mechanical system drivers, and microheaters, represents key approaches for spectrum regulation. Furthermore, the review assesses the performance, advantages, and limitations of various technologies for dynamic structural colors. Finally, this review concluded with a section on the future challenges and prospects in large-area fabrication, practical applications, and performance improvement. It explains the current typical applications, including smart windows, adaptive camouflage, sensors, etc., and explores the processing methods that can achieve large-area, high-fidelity preparation of structural colors, such as nanoimprint, deep ultraviolet lithography, immersion lithography, laser printing, etc. This field promises advancements in high-density data storage, information encryption, and broader market applications.

Extensive paralogism in the environmental pangenome: a key factor in the ecological success of natural SAR11 populations.

The oceanic microbiome is dominated by members of the SAR11 clade. Despite their abundance, challenges in recovering the full genetic diversity of natural populations have hindered our understanding of the eco-evolutionary mechanisms driving intra-species variation. In this study, we employed a combination of single-amplified genomes and long-read metagenomics to recover the genomic diversity of natural populations within the SAR11 genomospecies Ia.3/VII, the dominant group in the Mediterranean Sea. The reconstruction of the first complete genome within this genomospecies revealed that the core genome represents a significant proportion of the genome (~ 81%), with highly divergent areas that allow for greater strain-dependent metabolic flexibility. The flexible genome was concentrated in small regions, typically containing a single gene, and waslocated in equivalent regions within the genomospecies. Each variable region was associated with a specific set of genes that, despite exhibiting some divergence, maintained equivalent biological functionality within the population. The environmental pangenome is large and enriched in genes involved in nutrient transport, as well as cell wall synthesis and modification, showing an extremely high degree of functional redundancy in the flexible genome (i.e. paralogisms). This genomic architecture promotes polyclonality, preserving genetic variation within the population. This, in turn,mitigates intraspecific competition and enables the population to thrive under variable environmental conditions and selective pressures. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the power of long-read metagenomics in capturing the full genetic diversity of environmental SAR11 populations, overcoming the limitations of second-generation sequencing technologies in genome assembly. Video Abstract.

Exploring the Aesthetics of Virtual Reality in Art

This paper investigates the evolving role of virtual reality (VR) in contemporary art, focusing on its aesthetic principles and transformative potential. By examining VR’s immersive qualities, interactive elements, and historical development, the study examines how it reshapes artistic practices and audience engagement. Drawing parallels to expanded cinema and traditional art forms, the discussion emphasizes VR’s capacity to reconfigure space, time, and emotional connection within an artwork. Despite its challenges technological limitations, accessibility, and ethical considerations. VR art presents an interdisciplinary framework that bridges fine art, popular culture, and philosophical inquiry. This exploration offers valuable insights for artists, researchers, and students to critically engage with the burgeoning field of VR aesthetics and its implications for the future of art. Keywords: Virtual Reality (VR) Art, Immersive Art, Interactive Narratives, Aesthetic Philosophy, Expanded Cinema.

Uncovering the Complexity of Supply Chain in MSMEs: A Systematic Review

Supply chain management (SCM) obstacles frequently impede operations optimization for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Supply Chain Management significantly enhances the competitiveness and operational efficiency of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises; nevertheless, its adoption is frequently hindered by resource, financial, and technological limitations. This dilemma must be addressed by MSMEs, which are vital to economic growth, innovation, and job creation globally. This study analyzes the intricacies of SCM implementation in MSMEs via a comprehensive review of the current literature. The PRISMA framework delineates the comprehensive procedures for selecting and accepting pertinent articles. This review utilized a sample of 20 publications in the Scopus database, published between 2014 and 2023. An exhaustive examination of the literature on SCM identifies the most cited papers, journals, and authors. The author's concluding point in this paper posits that, despite considerable research in SCM, it is imperative to modify conditions that can facilitate SMEs, particularly in developing nations.

Expanding Export Markets for Vietnamese Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit is one of the main fruits of Vietnam, bringing high economic value and contributing significantly to agricultural export turnover. However, Vietnam's dragon fruit exports are facing many challenges. The decline in demand from China due to the country's increased domestic production, combined with technical barriers and strict phytosanitary requirements from major markets, has reduced export turnover. The lack of solidity in production linkages and limitations in post-harvest preservation technology are also weaknesses that need to be overcome. In this context, the study proposes many solutions to expand export markets. Solutions focus on improving product quality, complying with international standards, investing in preservation and deep processing technology, promoting product marketing to new markets, as well as taking advantage of free trade agreements to reduce costs and improve export efficiency.

Comparative Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Sponges Based on Different Chitosan Salts in vitro

INTRODUCTION. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in the number of human skin lesions as a result of natural and man-made emergencies. Among the natural polymers widely used for the manufacture of wound dressings is chitosan, but its poor solubility is a technological and biological limitation for its effective inclusion and use as a component of wound dressings. One way to solve the problem is to modify chitosan with glycolic, lactic or ascorbic acids. For eff ective and adequate use of chemical modifications of chitosan as a material for wound dressings, it is necessary to evaluate their biocompatibility. AIM. In vitro assessment of the cytotoxicity and hemostatic properties of sponges based on chitosan modified with glycolic, lactic and ascorbic acids. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sponges based on water-soluble chitosan salts were provided by Chemical Company “Orion” LTD. The biocompatibility of the obtained products was assessed on the culture of mesenchymal stem cells, using light and fluorescent microscopy. The metabolic activity of the cells (MTT-test) and the sorption properties of the biomaterials were assessed by spectrophotometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Chitosan glycolate or chitosan lactate sponges ensure the survival of most adherent cells, while chitosan ascorbate sponges inhibit cell viability and growth. It was found that chitosan glycolate sponges have the highest blood sorption capacity and are capable of absorbing over 700 μl of blood/cm3. Chitosan lactate and chitosan ascorbate sponges demonstrate a sorption capacity of 250 μl of blood/cm3. However, the ascorbate-based material inhibits the metabolic activity of cells. CONCLUSION. Based on the research results, sponges made of chitosan glycolate or lactate, which have good biocompatibility in vitro, can be used for further development of wound-healing coatings. In addition, sponges made of chitosan glycolate can be used as highly effective hemostatic materials. Sponges made of chitosan ascorbate require further development and separate study.

Repercussions of the United States’ Withdrawal from the International Iranian Nuclear Agreement

This text explores Iran’s willingness to enhance transparency and compliance with international nuclear regulations by agreeing to grant limited access to non-nuclear sites, particularly military facilities, for International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors. The commitment is made within the framework of the Additional Protocol to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), showcasing Iran’s dedication to implementing and ratifying international agreements. One of the key provisions of Iran’s commitment involves a substantial reduction in the number of centrifuges over ten years. The total number of centrifuges is set to decrease from 19,000 devices (including 10,200 currently operational) to 6,104. Furthermore, only 5,060 of these centrifuges will be authorized to produce uranium enriched at a rate not exceeding 3.67% for 15 years. Notably, all centrifuges used during this period will be of the first generation, emphasizing Iran’s adherence to specified technological limitations. This abstract provides an overview of Iran’s multifaceted commitments, highlighting its efforts to address global concerns surrounding its nuclear program while operating within the stipulations of the Additional Protocol to the NPT. ten years.

OPPORTUNITIES AND DIFFICULTIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER

The article discusses the opportunities and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education. Important applications of AI such as personalization of learning, automation of the educational process, support for inclusion and the growth of digital competencies are taken into account. It was noted that AI improves the effectiveness of learning and equips students with the skills needed in the modern workforce. However, there are some barriers to the use of these technologies such as technological limitations, the need for teacher training, concerns about data security and moral considerations. In addition to discussing the potential of future applications of intelligent technologies in education, the article offers useful suggestions for the successful integration of AI into university curricula. The study highlights the importance of finding a balance between educational humanitarian principles and technological possibilities.

Peptide nucleic acids: Recent advancements and future opportunities in biomedical applications.

Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), synthetic molecules comprising a peptide-like backbone and natural and unnatural nucleobases, have garnered significant attention for their potential applications in gene editing and other biomedical fields. The unique properties of PNA, particularly enhanced stability/specificity/affinity towards targeted DNA and RNA sequences, achieved significant attention recently for gene silencing, gene correction, antisense therapy, drug delivery, biosensing and other various diagnostic aspects. This review explores the structure, properties, and potential of PNA in transforming genetic engineering including potent biomedical challenges. In Addition, we explore future perspectives and potential limitations of PNA-based technologies, highlighting the need for further research and development to fully realize their therapeutic and biotechnological potential.

Quaternized and boronic acid dual-functional CoAg nanozymes for label-free, stable, sensitive, and rapid quantitation detection of the bacterial total concentration.

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria lead to a significant increase in illnesses and fatalities annually. In the early stage of a pathogenic bacterial infection, the concentration of bacteria in food is lower than the detection limit of most technology which enhances the difficulty in diagnosis. It is a serious challenge for researchers to develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, and stable pathogenic bacterial determination method without costly equipment and highly skilled operators. It is clear that the bacterial total concentration in food increased obviously could be attributed to microbial contamination in food. Herein, quaternized and boronic acid dual-functional capped CoAg nanozymes, known as CoAg@HTCC-B, were developed and synthesized to exhibit strong and stable chemiluminescence (CL) emission to detect bacterial total concentrations. The CoAg@HTCC-B nanozymes are capable of accurately quantifying the total concentrations of a mixed bacterial solution (S. aureus and E. coli) over a broad detection range and with a low limit of detection (LOD). These nanozymes were utilized for the detection of E. coli or S. aureus in fresh chicken samples with LOD values of 2.08colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) for E. coli and 1.71CFU/mL for S. aureus. This suggests that the CoAg@HTCC-B nanozymes have the potential for early-stage monitoring of microbial contamination in meat samples. The capability of CoAg@HTCC-B nanozymes in swiftly and accurately detecting known bacterial concentrations suggested their potential as a viable alternative to the traditional culture-based approach for quantitatively determining known bacterial concentrations in academic, research, or industrial settings.

Lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging using dynamic phase modulation

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging based on a diffractive optical element (DOE) is increasingly featured in recent progress in deep optics. Despite remarkable advances in spatial and spectral resolutions, the limitations of current photolithography technology have prevented the fabricated DOE from being designed at ideal heights and with high diffraction efficiency, diminishing the effectiveness of coded imaging and reconstruction accuracy in some bands. Here, we propose, to our knowledge, a new lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging (LESHI) system that utilizes a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM) to replace the traditionally fabricated DOE, resulting in high modulation levels and reconstruction accuracy. Beyond the single-lens imaging model, the system can leverage the switch ability of LCoS-SLM to implement distributed diffractive optics (DDO) imaging and enhance diffraction efficiency across the full visible spectrum. Using the proposed method, we develop a proof-of-concept prototype with an image resolution of 1920×1080 pixels, an effective spatial resolution of 41.74 μm, and a spectral resolution of 10 nm, while improving the average diffraction efficiency from 0.75 to 0.91 over the visible wavelength range (400–700 nm). Additionally, LESHI allows the focal length to be adjusted from 50 mm to 100 mm without the need for additional optical components, providing a cost-effective and time-saving solution for real-time on-site debugging. LESHI is the first imaging modality, to the best of our knowledge, to use dynamic diffractive optics and snapshot hyperspectral imaging, offering a completely new approach to computational spectral imaging and deep optics.

Leveraging spatial data infrastructure for disaster risk reduction

The systematic review approach revealed that location-based decision making allows for structured approach to prioritization of disaster response and recovery by disaster management practitioners. The Yokohama Strategy called for the use of information across national, regional and international scales for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), while Priority Action 1f of the Sendai Framework called for the use of “real time access to reliable data, make use of space and in situ information, including geographic information systems (GIS), and use information and communications technology innovations to enhance measurement tools and the collection, analysis and dissemination of data.” The bibliometric review of the role of SDI in the management of natural disasters revealed that interest is shifting from mark-up languages and sensors to web services and data integration. The efficiency of operational SDI driven DRR is a function of the availability of relevant and up-to-date information. Though there are technological limitations in developing countries in Africa, there is an urgent need to increase uptake and implementation of SDIs drawing lessons from the SDI-East Africa and the global community.

Aproximación a la capacitación en competencias digitales de docentes en servicio en contextos de pobreza

This study had like main objective to develop recommendations for teacher training in digital competencies in contexts of poverty in Latin America. Using a qualitative approach that combined documentary review and participatory methods, key strategies for the adaptation of accessible digital tools and the development of practical skills in teachers were identified. The findings highlight the importance of creativity and continuous training in educational technology to overcome technological limitations and promote educational equity.

Artificial intelligence Applications in education: A Technical review

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has brought about changes in several sectors, including the education sector, where it has a significant role in developing learning outcomes, assigning educational experiences, and alleviating administrative work for teachers. AI systems, including machine learning and virtual reality, have been employed in educational practices, helping to provide innovative alternative solutions to traditional teaching and learning challenges. Despite the great opportunities presented by AI, both teachers and learners face many challenges, such as teachers’ readiness to adopt these technologies, their need for professional development, and moral concerns. This paper examines AI in education, exploring how it can improve curricula, support teachers, and enhance student outcomes. The research also highlights key barriers, including technological limitations, privacy issues, and biases in AI algorithms. Based on extensive literature reviews, the study explores new trends and research gaps, as well as guiding prospects for future research in AI-enabled education, with a great deal of attention focused on teacher training, long-term outcomes, ethical issues, and the effects of AI on student-teacher interactions in the educational environment. The Previous studies in the literature review suggest strategies to integrate AI into education effectively, helping students benefit from this technology without negatively impacting human values and the importance of personal interaction. This paper also addresses issues related to privacy and biases in AI algorithms.

Considerations for establishment of a private virtual hospital identified using an implementation science approach

Virtual hospitals are rapidly being implemented internationally. Research has predominantly focused on clinical outcomes not implementation. We aimed to identify pre-implementation determinants to enable health services to tailor virtual hospital models, increasing likelihood of suitability, acceptability, uptake, clinical effectiveness, and sustainability. We aimed to inform the design and implementation of a private Australian virtual hospital by identifying contextual barriers, enablers, and considerations. We conducted a qualitative pre-implementation determinant study using snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews (n = 37) between February and July 2023 with consumers/carers/both (n = 11), clinicians (doctors/allied health/nursing/personal carers), hospital, health service and aged care leadership (n = 22), and public health stakeholders (n=4). Deductive framework analysis based on the PERCS implementation science framework was used. The following key determinants were identified: Enablers – strong executive leadership support; enthusiasm for expanding rural and remote services; need for a clear vision; strong tension for change; commitment to high-quality healthcare. Major barrier: restrictive funding models that stifle opportunities for innovation. Other barriers: technological limitations; communication challenges; workforce issues; clinicians’ opinions varied on safety and suitability of virtual healthcare. This implementation science approach enabled identification of a broad set of determinants not previously reported, relevant locally and for an international audience. Evaluation of implementation outcomes is necessary.

Blockchain in supply chains: an unfulfilled promise

Purpose This paper investigates the influence of blockchain technology on trust and transparency within supply chain management. While existing research suggests blockchain has revolutionary potential, real-world evidence remains limited. This study aims to bridge this gap. Design/methodology/approach The research relies on transaction cost analysis and principal-agent theory to develop a conceptual model. The model proposes how blockchain fosters trust and transparency, ultimately leading to a market-based governance model within supply chains. Five different blockchain applications were analyzed in a multi-case study through document reviews and expert interviews to test the model’s assumptions. Findings The study’s findings challenge initial assumptions. The complexity of blockchain networks and a reluctance to share information among participants hinder blockchain technology’s ability to increase trust and transparency. Consequently, the expected reduction in opportunism and uncertainties is not observed, and a market-based governance model fails to materialize. In practice, supply chain partners gravitate toward permissioned blockchains managed by established consortia. Acting as trusted third parties, these consortia assume control over network management, rendering blockchain essentially unnecessary. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the practical limitations of blockchain technology in revolutionizing supply chain management. While blockchain promises much, the findings suggest that established consortia currently play a more critical role in fostering trust and transparency within supply chains.

P-463. Diversity of KSHV Subtypes in People Living with HIV in a Large Urban Center in Dallas, Texas

Abstract Background Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), causes Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other KSHV-associated disease (KAD). We previously described high KSHV seroprevalence and high KS incidence in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV in Dallas, Texas. We now describe viral genetics in the same population.Table 1:Participant Characteristics Methods We analyzed samples from participants recruited in 2 different studies, one enrolling MSM with HIV with and without KAD, and the other enrolling MSM with HIV and KAD. We measured KSHV IgG in serum using a combination of ELISA and a bead-based multiplex assay. Oral fluid samples of all individuals with KAD and seropositive individuals with no KAD were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect and quantify KSHV DNA. Samples with detectable KSHV underwent Sanger and/or next generation sequencing to determine K1 subtype.Figure 1:Phylogenetic Tree of Participant Samples Results Overall, 281 participants were recruited; 59 shed enough virus for K1 subtyping. Of these, 37 did not have KAD, and 22 had KAD, all had KS. Table 1 describes the demographic characteristics of these participants. Notably, those with KS had lower median CD4 countsthan those without KS (p < 0.01). All known K1 subtypes, except for D, were identified in this cohort, including the rare E and F subtypes. The latter, which only recently had been described outside Africa was identified in 6 individuals. Four participants had mixed infections with 2 or more KSHV subtype (Figure 1). Figure 2 illustrates clinical presentations by KSHV subtype. Limitations in sequencing technology and study design permit no inferences on possible associations between KSHV subtype and KS onset or severity. We observed a larger proportion of subtypes B and F, typical of African populations, in participants with KS, than those with no KAD (8/27 subtypes detected vs 3/37). However, A and C were the most commonly identified subtypes in KS (19/27 subtypes in those with KS vs 32/37 subtypes in those without KS), including in advanced cases (i.e. T1 stage, 10/13).Figure 2:KSHV Subtypes and Clinical Presentation Conclusion In conclusion, we observed extreme diversity in KSHV genomes sequenced in a single institution in Dallas, TX. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between viral genetics and KSHV epidemiology and disease risk in the southern US. Disclosures Ank E. Nijhawan, MD, MPH, MSCS, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support

Network model and application in wellbore wireless communication of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves

Abstract To address the limitations of traditional wellbore communication technologies and address the shortcomings in synchronization and channel analysis of electromagnetic waves wellbore communication models, this paper proposes a novel wellbore wireless communication method using Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves. A polygonal multiple-delay complex network model for ELF electromagnetic waves propagation in wellbore and strata was established, which was divided into four subnetworks using network splitting theory: the oil tubing subnetwork, the casing subnetwork, the cement subnetwork, and the strata subnetwork. A controller was designed, successfully validating the stability of the model and achieving fast synchronization. The optimal transmitting frequency range was determined to be between 5 and 20Hz through theoretical derivation of attenuation factors and skin depth, combined with finite element simulations. Simulation results indicate that cement and casing are the primary transmission channels, followed by oil tubing and strata, with electric signals exhibiting significantly higher intensity than magnetic signals. Unlike electric signals, magnetic signals are less affected by shielding effects. Two field experiments confirmed the feasibility of using ELF electromagnetic waves for wellbore wireless communication, which can achieve a wireless communication distance of over 1600 meters without relays. This research provides a critical theoretical foundation and experimental validation for the future development of efficient wellbore wireless communication and intelligent wells.