Limited Space Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Blog Sebagai Media Pengetahuan Dan Bisnis Pada PKK Desa Sei Silau Timur

The existence of blog media in disseminating information is a means of storing information online that can be used by staff so that they can provide all information without space and time limits. The PKK of East Sei Silau Village, Asahan Regency, has several active activities carried out in several places in its environment. In carrying out these activities, they still use devices manually to provide information in their activities. The aim of carrying out this service activity is to find out the use of blogs in the business and economic category, to find something unique about blogs that can be published to various parties regarding the use of business and economic blogs so that they can be used effectively and more usefully. The activity implementation method used was in the form of training, interactive discussions with the entire PKK team in East Sei Silau Village, Asahan Regency. This activity uses theoretical and practical knowledge in the room. As a result of the final assessment of the activity, the participants were able to understand the material presented based on the results of the assessment scores obtained from the posttest test results. The activity material given to participants can be used and utilized in creating a blog. The material presented to participants reached 90% of all the concepts involved in creating blogs. The delivery of the material consists of several sessions, namely: explanation, practice, and discussion.

Recent Advances in C—F Bond Formation from Carbon‐Centered Radicals

Comprehensive SummaryConstruction of C—F bonds is a direct and efficient method for introducing fluorine into pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Strategies such as nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical, and transition‐metal catalyzed fluorination have been developed to meet the demand of diverse C—F bond formation. Among them, radical fluorination has been witnessed with substantial advancement in a recent decade. Herein, we reviewed methods for formation of C—F bonds with carbon‐centered radicals as key intermediates, especially in recent five years. We introduce in the paper with different fluorinating reagents, strategies for radical generation, and application in late‐stage functionalization and synthesis of PET tracers. We also indicate the current limitations and propose the direction of the field for the future development. Key ScientistsRadical fluorination was recognized as an old and uncontrolled reaction that may date back to the time when element fluorine was first mixed with organic compounds by Henri Moissan in 1891. The development of the field was slow in combination with discovery of new fluorinating reagents. Substantial changes took place in 2012, when the first example of carbon radical fluorination with robust and mild fluorinating reagents, such as NFSI and Selectfluor, was reported by the Sammis group. In the same year, Groves, Lectka, Li, and Boger led the pioneering works on aliphatic C—H fluorination, decarboxylative fluorination, and fluorofunctionalization of alkenes in a radical manner. Photoredox catalysis was introduced to radical fluorination in 2013 by the Chen group, which opens up a new avenue for diverse fluorinative transformations. Most of the previous works focus on radical fluorination to form C(sp3)–F bonds. In 2018, the challenging non‐directed aromatic C—H fluorination was solved by Ritter and coworkers. Direct arene fluorination with fluoride ion was later disclosed by the Nicewicz group in 2019. There are many other scientists that have also made tremendous contribution to the development of radical fluorination, with too limited space to list them all. We only list those with first discoveries that may point to the new direction of radical fluorination.

An ontology-based tool for safety management in building renovation projects

Managing deep renovation projects is challenging due to the interactions with their surroundings, the issues of limited access and space, and the uncertainty around the composition and conditions of existing buildings. The interplay between the building areas, the building elements involved in the deep renovation, and the renovation scenarios and activities present challenging situations for managing safety risks. Research on enhancing safety in building projects using digital approaches such as BIM has mainly focussed on new construction works, yet limited research is available for deep building renovation projects. Using a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, this paper develops an ontology for representation and identification of hazards in deep building renovations, instantiates the ontology through the development of a digital tool, and demonstrates its usefulness in hazard representation and identification by performing tests with real industry data from deep renovation projects, as part of a Horizon Europe 2020 research project, called RINNO. The testing involved a multi-residence apartment case study and three different renovation scenarios and successfully demonstrated the ability to automatically identify potential hazards relating to a particular renovation strategy. While the proposed ontology can be used to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries in building retrofit projects, its main implication is in laying the foundation for future digitally enabled approaches for managing safety in building renovation projects.

Exploring Shear Wave Velocity—NSPT Correlations for Geotechnical Site Characterization: A Review

Shear wave velocity (Vs) is a critical parameter in geophysical investigations, micro-zonation research, and site classification. In instances where conducting direct tests at specific locations is challenging due to equipment unavailability, limited space, or initial instrumentation costs, it becomes essential to estimate Vs directly, using empirical correlations for effective site characterization. The present review paper explores the correlations of Vs with the standard penetration test (SPT) for geotechnical site characterization. Vs, a critical parameter in geotechnical and seismic engineering, is integral to a wide range of projects, including foundation design and seismic hazard assessment. The current paper provides a detailed analysis of the key findings, implications for geotechnical engineering practice, and future research needs in this area. It emphasizes the importance of site-specific calibration, the impact of geological background, depth-dependent behavior, data quality control, and the integration of Vs data with other geophysical methods. The review underlines the continuous monitoring of Vs values due to potential changes over time. Addressing these insights and gaps in research contributes to the accuracy and safety of geotechnical projects, particularly in seismic-prone regions.

Preparation and Lithium-Ion Capacitance Performance of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Limited Space via the Vermiculite Template Method.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene-like carbon nanosheets (CNSs) with a two-dimensional structure are prepared by using methylene blue as a carbon source and expanded vermiculite as a template. After static negative pressure adsorption, high-temperature calcination, and etching in a vacuum oven, they are embedded in the limited space of the vermiculite template. The addition of an appropriate number of mixed elements can improve the performance of a battery. Via scanning electron microscopy, it is found that the prepared nitrogen-sulfur-co-doped carbon nanosheets exhibit a thin yarn shape. The XPS results show that there are four elements of C, N, O, and S in the carbon materials (CNS-600, CNS-700, CNS-800, CNS-900) prepared at different temperatures, and the N atom content shows a gradually decreasing trend. It is mainly doped into a graphene-like network in four ways (graphite nitrogen, pyridine nitrogen, pyrrole nitrogen, and pyridine nitrogen oxide), while the S element shows an increasing trend, mainly in the form of thiophene S and sulfur, which is covalently linked to oxygen. The results show that CNS-700 has a discharge-specific capacity of 460 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and it can still maintain a specific capacity of 200 mAh/g at a current density of 2 A/g. The assembled lithium-ion capacitor has excellent energy density and power density, with a maximum power density of 20,000 W/kg.

1998 Advance care planning on the Same Day Emergency Care Older People's Unit - a quality improvement initiative

Abstract Introduction Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) at St James’ Hospital, Leeds provides urgent care at the interface between primary and secondary care, offering comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to those living with frailty, aiming to prevent hospitalisation and delay frailty progression. Advance care planning (ACP) is a vital component of prioritising care preferences including at end-of-life, but timing often falls short in practice. This quality improvement (QI) initiative aims to proactively open ACP discussions, allowing patients to consider their care goals, ensuring our care is aligned with their priorities. Method Between July 2022 and April 2023, the project involved 1039 patients. Led by Advanced Clinical Practitioners with support from consultant geriatricians and a palliative care specialist nurse, ACP discussions were encouraged through prompts in daily staff huddles and drop-in teaching sessions. Results ACP uptake increased from 7.8 % to 19.3%. Insights from a perception survey involving 83 healthcare professionals revealed key barriers including clinical workload, limited space, lack of experience and confidence as well as prognostic uncertainty and patient factors. Education and training, clinical supervision, patient information leaflets and a conducive environment were positively associated with ACP. Conclusion There has been a cultural shift in the department as the practitioners now routinely prompt staff to undertake ACP in safety huddles. Key catalysts for ACP initiation were found to be progression of frailty, terminal diagnoses, dementia, and recurrent hospital admissions. As a new SDEC unit is scheduled to open in the coming months, with provision of space and privacy, our aim is to improve the quality and quantity of ACP discussions with the patient at the centre of all decision-making. In line with these endeavours, parallel support within the community through our home (virtual) ward will further enhance proactive care planning in older people living with frailty.

Optimal Design of a Cold Spray Nozzle for Inner Wall Coating Fabrication by Combining CFD Simulation and Neural Networks

AbstractRecently, the low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) technique has been used to fabricate superhydrophobic polymer coatings on metallic substrates, suggesting a significant potential in engineering applications. This study aims to design a spiral LPCS nozzle to coat the pipe’s inner wall with superhydrophobic polymer. The design goal is to achieve the maximum particle velocity in a confined (limited) space, assuming that the powder can enter the feeding tube through the Venturi effect. Achieving these two goals simultaneously using only computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is challenging. Therefore, the CFD simulation was combined with the neural network (NN) method to design the new spiral nozzle. During training, the effects of the NN models and algorithms were investigated. The results showed that the feedforwardnet model combined with the trainbr or trainlm algorithm (from MATLAB 2016b software), presented a minimal error for particle velocity or gas flux prediction, respectively. The trained NN correlates the nozzle parameters (i.e., mean coil diameter, spring lift angle, and expansion ratio) and its performances (i.e., particle velocity and gas flux in the powder feeding tube). As a result, the optimal spiral nozzle was determined based on the design goal of maximum particle velocity and suitable gas flux in the powder feeding tube. Furthermore, the effect of each nozzle parameter on the particle velocity and gas flux in the powder feeding tube was analyzed. The cold spray experiment confirmed that the designed spiral nozzle could fabricate Perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) coatings.

4D BIM integrated optimization of construction steel bar procurement plan for limited storage capacity

Purpose Due to its longer length compared to other construction materials and distinctive stacking patterns, obtaining construction steel bars in congested construction sites with limited storage capacity becomes challenging. Lack of storage space in crowded places prompts the need for building steel bar storage choice optimization. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the construction steel bar procurement plan by providing when and how much rebar to order and how to stack different sizes of rebar considering limited storage capacity. Design/methodology/approach A novel approach has been presented in this paper by integrating 4D building information modelling (BIM) and mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). This technique uses BIM to retrieve material quantities, including rebar, during the design phase. Following that, activities are scheduled depending on the duration determined by crew productivity data and material quantity. Then, based on the prior price, the price of each unit of rebar is projected for the duration of construction using the exponential smoothing method. After that, the MILP approach is used to generate an optimal steel bar procurement plan for limited storage space following the scheduled rebar-related operations. Findings The developed strategy minimizes overall procurement costs and ensures the storage of rebar as per standard guidelines. An optimal rebar procurement and storage plan to construct a six-storied RC frame has been presented in this paper as a demonstrative example to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Originality/value This work partially satisfies a long-sought research need for establishing a comprehensive construction steel bar procurement system, making it a very useful source of information for practitioners and researchers. The proposed method can be used to minimize a key performance limitation that the conventional rebar procurement practice for crowded building sites may experience.

Spatial analysis of fishing tows with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to inform offshore wind layouts

AbstractObjectiveThe coexistence of fisheries and offshore wind depends in part on the feasibility of fishing within turbine arrays. This paper explores the value of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to measure tows of commercial trawl and dredge vessels as quantitative indications of their spatial characteristics to inform offshore wind assessments.MethodsPublic records from the AIS provide objective, detailed data supporting the measurement of fishing tows from recent years. Patterns and dimensions were examined from 45 trawl and dredge trips of 35 vessels.ResultAlthough vessels spread some trips over large areas, they also make multiple passes in swaths as narrow as 0.3 nautical miles (NM). Turns are made by towing the gear through an arc ranging from 0.2 NM to more than 1 NM in diameter or by hauling gear to the boat and turning in less than 0.1 NM. These practices are confirmed by fishing captains.ConclusionThese objective data from actual fishing trips could be valuable in considering the feasibility of fishing in wind farms and planning appropriate layouts. This first effort provides too small a sample to be considered representative, but it may demonstrate the concepts and encourage further research. Techniques could be refined and extended to other regions and activities, as expanding marine interests share limited space.

Thermal-vibration correlation study for high-temperature superconducting maglev intelligent monitoring based on back propagation neural network analysis

The internal temperature rise inside the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) superconductor (SC) resulting from irregular magnetic field (MF) above the permanent magnet guideway is a major factor contributing to the decline of levitation performance. Real-time monitoring of the temperature rise inside YBCO SC is an important issue for the safe operation of the maglev train systems. However, the existing temperature rise testing method involves destructive intrusion less or more, easily affected by strong MF, occupying limited space and sensors prone to detachment. This paper innovatively proposes a non-contact internal temperature rise testing method combining artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Vibration is common signal of a maglev train system, which inspires to establish a fundamental thermal-dynamic levitation force synchronous testing device for YBCO SC. Then, a set of temperature rise-vibration dataset exposed to different alternating MF frequencies is created. The wavelet transform is chosen to extract the frequency band energy of vibration, and the backpropagation neural network is used to identify the corresponding temperature rise. The recognition accuracy can reach over 99.9%, which firstly proves the effectiveness of AI algorithms in the thermal-vibration correlation analysis for the HTS maglev system. The results can provide the foundation reference for the intelligent monitoring and fault diagnosis of thermal-dynamics stabilities of HTS maglev train in the future.

The Transabdominal Lumbar Approach (TALA) for Robotic Renal Surgery-A Retrospective Single-Center Comparative Study and Step-by-Step Description of a Novel Approach.

The transperitoneal approach (TP) and the retroperitoneal approach (RP) are two common methods for performing nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. However, both approaches face difficulties, such as trocar placement and limited working space (RP). TP is impaired in the case of dorsal tumors and dissection of the renal artery can be challenging due to the anatomic localization dorsally to the renal vein. A hybrid approach that combines both methods has been previously reported in a case series, but not evaluated systematically. This study proposes a modified hybrid approach, which we call the transabdominal lumbar approach (TALA), involving late robotic docking after elaborating the retroperitoneum using conventional laparoscopy. The study compares the last 20 consecutive patients who underwent RP and the last 20 patients who underwent TALA at our institution. The investigated variables include operative time and amount of blood loss, hospitalization duration, postoperative analgesia requirement, and postoperative complications. The study found no significant difference in operative time, blood loss, ischemia time, or hospital stay between the two groups. The TALA group had fewer complications regarding Clavien-Dindo category 3, but one complication of category 4. In Conclusion, TALA is a safe and promising approach that combines the advantages of RP and TP.

The Problematic of Incompatibility of Rice Land Protected by the Jember District Spatial Plan

The discrepancy in the Regional Spatial Plan of Jember Regency related to the regulation of spatial patterns and the direction of zoning regulations with the Presidential Regulation on the conversion of rice fields raises legal issues, namely the difficulty of the community to allocate limited space use for land, causing conflicts of interest, namely causing juridical problems that the government applies LSD regulations with reference to RTRW which is no longer in accordance with spatial use. The theoretical problem is that there is legal uncertainty in having the latest legal legality with existing conditions that have developed. Sociological problems have resulted in a vacuum in legal norms related to spatial pattern rules and zoning directions for the RTRW of Jember Regency in taking policies for issuing activity permits, obtaining Land Rights, and determining LSD to be hampered. The results of this research include 1) Causes of non-conformity of Protected Rice Fields with the Regional Spatial Plan of Jember Regency,.2) Future arrangements regarding the non-conformity of Protected Rice Fields with the Jember Regency Regional Spatial Planning Plan. These efforts require the establishment and implementation of regional regulations on spatial planning which are carried out with strategic agricultural studies in accordance with the mandate of the Spatial Planning Law, the Basic Agrarian Law, the LP2B Law, the Presidential Regulation on Land Use Transfer, and the Jember Regency RTRW.

Development of Fishcake Gripping and Classification Automation Process Based on Suction Shape Transformation Gripper

The surge in demand for automating seafood processing necessitates the development of robotic processes for transportation, packaging, and classification. South Korean companies are actively constructing diverse robots and grippers for fishcake handling, yet small workshops face spatial constraints. To address this, the study focuses on creating a gripper capable of versatile fishcake handling within compact spaces. The gripper, designed for single-robot use, employs three suction cups, adapting its grip based on fishcake shapes. Small fishcakes are gripped at the center with one suction cup, elongated ones with two cups aligned to the slope, and wider ones with three cups. A testbed with the gripper attached to a robot facilitates fishcake gripping, classification, and automation testing. Fishcake recognition and gripping tests revealed challenges based on shape, width, and material. Despite difficulties, a commendable 100% success rate was achieved for the majority of fishcakes, showcasing the gripper’s effectiveness. Identified improvements include reducing the suction cup diameter and increasing pressure for enhanced gripping and classification in confined spaces. The study demonstrates the successful development of a gripper for versatile fishcake handling, particularly beneficial for small workshops. The identified improvements offer pathways to enhance efficiency in fishcake gripping and classification within limited spaces.

Multifunctional Soft Actuator Based on Dielectric Liquid with Simultaneous Luminance and Weight Lifting Capabilities

AbstractSoft robots require soft actuators for mobility and functionality. To integrate multiple functions in a limited space, researchers are developing multifunctional soft actuators with several functions integrated in one device. This study successfully demonstrates an electroluminescent (EL) soft actuator, a single device with both light‐emitting and actuating capabilities, using liquid dielectric and uniformly dispersed EL phosphor particles. EL phosphor particles are copper‐doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) particles doped with copper. The work is able to disperse the ZnS particles uniformly in the oil by coating the ZnS particles with silica, ensuring consistent luminescence across the device's active area. The performance of the soft actuator is notable, with a strain of 25% and a maximum EL intensity of 23 cd m−2 for a single actuator. When stacking multiple actuators, the intensity exceeds 29 cd m−2. The findings suggest that EL actuator devices will be valuable smart components for soft robots and interactive sensors. They can effectively represent external stimuli through color signals, expanding the capabilities of these systems.

Zhang Dongsun’s Encounters with “Logicism”

The article surveys the early work of Zhang Dongsun on topics like logicism of Bertrand Russell and scientific philosophy, which aimed to criticise its foundations and replace them with a Neo-Kantian alternative. It tries to show how a series of Zhang’s articles from early 1920s, in which he sought to create a new “neutral” variety of logicism, can be used to better understand the intellectual foundations of the neovitalist “philosophy of life” of Zhang Junmai. By delving deeper into the underlying ideas and possible motivations behind Zhang’s philosophical endeavours from the early 1920s, the article argues for a different kind of understanding of the historical basis of humanism in modern Chinese philosophy. Moreover, it strives to show how the “science and the view on life” controverse as initiated by Zhang Junmai in 1923 might be rooted or at least related directly to a syncretistic ideal, to conjoin science and the view of life in a new kind of harmonistic outlook. Most importantly, the article will try to show how Zhang Dongsun’s critical engagement with Russell’s philosophy, modern logic and physical science could be understood as the theoretical nucleus of the so-called “view on life” philosophy, not only in the context of the 1923 controverse but possibly the entire Republican Period. Due to the limited space, the article does not offer a concise introduction Zhang’s life and philosophy, but instead provides a focused discussion of particular fragments of his work from the early 1920s.

Pelaksanaan Pengarsipan Berkas Dalam Divisi Finance PT Dimensi Citra Semesta

This research aims to analyze the implementation of file archiving in the finance division of PT Dimensi Citra Semesta. The research utilizes a qualitative descriptive research method with data collection techniques including case studies, observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of file archiving in the finance division of PT Dimensi Citra Semesta involves six steps: receipt, verification, numbering, grouping, storage, and file disposal. The file archiving process aligns with the ISO 15489-1:2016 standard on records management. The file archiving tools in the finance division of PT Dimensi Citra Semesta consist of both physical and electronic tools. Archiving challenges in the finance division of PT Dimensi Citra Semesta are divided into two categories: internal challenges and external challenges. Internal challenges originate from within the finance division itself, such as space limitations, file damage, input errors, file loss, and others. External challenges come from outside the finance division, such as inappropriate file requests, delayed file deliveries, file format mismatches, and others.

Emergency evacuation of urban underground commercial street based on BIM approach

Urbanization has led to increased construction of underground buildings to overcome limited surface space. However, safety concerns in urban underground commercial buildings have become a major issue due to frequent accidents. Ensuring safe evacuation in densely populated underground commercial buildings is crucial. This study focuses on the safe evacuation of an urban underground commercial street A in Fuzhou City. A simulation framework based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) is proposed, integrating the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) and BIM. The framework overcomes limitations in fire dynamic simulators. Using a BIM model, the study analyzes the risk of each fire protection area and selects the most unfavorable area for simulation. PyroSim technology is employed to study the entire fire development process in the underground commercial street under three different fire scenarios. The analysis includes evacuation stair travel time and personnel available safe evacuation time (TASET). By comparing the results, the study optimizes building layout design and identifies factors affecting personnel evacuation efficiency. The simulation outcomes aim to minimize casualties and property losses, contributing to fire safety management in urban underground commercial streets.

Abstract B109: Reinforcing risk prediction for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with AI-optimized nucleotide-to-amino acid analyses

Abstract Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) often precede invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with each IPMN tumor carrying a 10-25% risk of progressing to cancer within 10 years of detection. The objective of this work is to employ AI-augmented analyses of single mutations occurring at specific tri-nucleotide sequences or codons and identify markers associated with the progression of cysts to pancreatic cancer. Despite being precursors of pancreatic cancer there is a lack of validated intervention targets for precision prevention for IPMNs. Currently cancer prevention for patients with IPMN is centered on surgery using a risk-tailored approach; the clinical ability to stratify risk of cancer progression of individual IPMN tumors is poor and essentially no effective non-surgical interventions exist. To advance the precision cancer prevention for IPMNs we develop an intelligent, machine learning (ML) derived framework addressing the challenge of IPMN stratification from samples with limited data space, e.g., somatic mutations. Our study incorporates the text-based statistical and ML analyses of the mutational profiles of patients’ genomes followed by an integration of codon sequence derived mutational features for biomarkers validation. Given the potential of genome spatial organization to understand mutagenesis and genomic instability, we also map the DNA sequence information onto the local spatial genome organization to elucidate intrinsic features and molecular mechanisms that potentially lead to mutations. Results of this study show that information extracted from mutational profiles with the proposed methods significantly improves performance of the ML models in stratification of IPMNs and biomarker identification. We also present how utilization of these ML tools for mutational data, spatial genome organization, and functional analyses from tumor samples, can aid understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mutations in IPMNs and pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Nam Nguyen, Jamie K. Teer, Margaret A. Park, Patricia McDonald, Jason B. Fleming, Jennifer B. Permuth, Kwang-Cheng Chen, Aleksandra Karolak. Reinforcing risk prediction for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with AI-optimized nucleotide-to-amino acid analyses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B109.

SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI-STORIED RC BUILDING WITH RE-ENTRANT CORNER

Nowadays, buildings often feature irregular floor plans for functional, aesthetic, or economic reasons. Constructing earthquake-resistant structures in seismic areas, especially with irregular shapes like re-entrant corners, poses challenges. Such corners are common when maximizing limited space is a priority. In earthquakes, re-entrant corners in structures pose major vulnerabilities, causing stress concentration and torsion problems. The main aim of this paper is to develop finite element structural analysis models of 10, 12, and 15-storied L-shaped RC buildings with a re-entrant corner under different seismic zones using equivalent static analysis (ESA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA). This research also focuses on the overall behavior of analysis results (story drift, overturning moment, base shear, etc.) with the influence of re-entrant corner. It also investigates the performance of columns and beams near re-entrant corners as the number of stories increases in different seismic zones. For the current study, ETABS V19 is used. Models consider seismic, dead, and live loads. The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 is used to examine the equivalent static analysis (ESA) and the response spectrum analysis (RSA) methods. It has been concluded from the study that re-entrant corner beams consistently exhibit the highest bending moments and torsion levels across all seismic zones. Similarly, re-entrant corner columns consistently demand the most axial force and rebar when compared to similar column types. Furthermore, the study identifies maximum stress levels in re-entrant corner slabs across all seismic zones.

Design of a Shape-Memory-Alloy-Based Carangiform Robotic Fishtail with Improved Forward Thrust.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have become the most common choice for the development of mini- and micro-type soft bio-inspired robots due to their high power-to-weight ratio, ability to be installed and operated in limited space, silent and vibration-free operation, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance properties. Moreover, SMA spring-type actuators are used for developing different continuum robots, exhibiting high degrees of freedom and flexibility. Spring- or any elastic-material-based antagonistic or biasing force is mostly preferred among all other biasing techniques to generate periodic oscillation of SMA actuator-based robotic body parts. In this model-based study, SMA-based spring-type actuators were used to develop a carangiform-type robotic fishtail. Fin size optimization for the maximization of forward thrust was performed for the developed system by varying different parameters, such as caudal fin size, current through actuators, pulse-width modulation signal (PWM), and operating depth. A caudal fin with a mixed fin pattern between the Lunate and Fork "Lunafork" and a fin area of approximately 5000 mm2 was found to be the most effective for the developed system. The maximum forward thrust developed by this fin was recorded as 40 gmf at an operation depth of 12.5 cm in a body of still water.