Limestone Mine Research Articles

Remote Sensing Study on Some Karst Characteristics of Sonadih Limestone Mining Area in Baloda Bazaar District

Remote Sensing Study on Some Karst Characteristics of Sonadih Limestone Mining Area in Baloda Bazaar District

Integrated hydrochemical and ERT approach for seawater intrusion study in a coastal aquifer: a case study from Jafrabad Town, Gujarat State, India.

Hydrochemical and geophysical approach has been adopted to evaluate the seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers of Jafrabad Town, Gujarat State, India. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (no. 9) was carried out with spread length of 160-400m which provided penetration depth of about 23 to 76m. Very low resistivity zone (0-3 Ω-m range) has been observed in the ERT profiles conducted in the study area. Parameters, namely, TDS, Na, and Cl, have been considered to examine the signature of SWI. The results obtained from ionic ratios, Piper plot, and Chaddha's diagram also confirm the influence of saline water within aquifer. The very low resistivity signature is correlated with the high TDS values in the nearby wells. SWI has been observed up to 9km from the coast, and it is observed at a depth of 20-22m in the existing limestone mines near the coast.

Evaluation of the Performance of Mining Processes after the Strategic Innovation for Sustainable Development

The article summarizes the arguments within the scientific discussion about performance management in mining companies and their significance for obtaining competitiveness in the market of mining companies in the direction of sustainable development and economic growth. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the performance indicators of mining processes after the implementation of strategic innovation—a new layout of the mining area focused on a combination of stationary and mobile mining equipment and their influence on the environment in a selected mining company in Slovakia in area of mining of limestone. Methods of research were focused on using economic indicators for the valuation of the efficiency and functionality of the mining processes. We used Pareto analysis for evaluation that points to critical mining processes and their significance in the financial area with orientation to costs, revenues. This research was used economic analysis with direction to efficiency, an indicator of cost and profit. Those indicators create a base for effective business in the mining area. The research empirically confirms that the new innovation of layout of mining place brings improvement of mining processes and indicators point to effective (over limit 0.70) and functional (over limit 0.90) mining processes in the year 2020. Pareto analysis showed the best processes (mining, expedition, transport, sorting) for financial benefits, the volume of production, demand, the satisfaction of customers, the cover needs of industries but at the same they are processes with high costs. Strategic innovation brought improvement too in the area of the environment. The results of the research can be useful for other mining companies in performance management and achievement mining market position.

Abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species in disturbed and undisturbed limestone habitats using camera trapping, Central Thailand

Abstract: Pla-ard M, Hoonheang W, Kaewdee B, Panganta T, Charaspet K, Khoiesri N, Paansri P, Kanka P, Chanachai Y, Thongbanthum J, Bangthong P, Sukmasuang R. 2021. Abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species in disturbed and undisturbed limestone habitats using camera trapping, Central Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3620-3631. This study on the abundance, diversity and daily activity of terrestrial mammal and bird species was conducted in the limestone mountainous area of Central Thailand, located on the east of Dong Phaya Yen-Khao Yai forest complex. Camera traps were placed in both habitats disturbed by limestone mining and undisturbed habitat areas. From the study, a total of 38 species of mammals and birds from 27 families in 13 orders were recorded, including 15 species of mammals from 6 orders, 12 families and 23 species of birds from 14 families in 7 orders. Fifteen species of mammals were recorded in the undisturbed area and 11 were recorded in the disturbed area, with the Malayan Pangolin, Small Indian Civet and Grey-bellied Squirrel found in the undisturbed area. However, the number of bird species in the limestone mining area was larger than in the undisturbed area. It was also found that there was no difference in the overall abundance and diversity of mammalian species between disturbed and undisturbed areas, which is not in accordance with the hypothesis. But in the case of wild birds, the relative abundance of wild birds was found to differ significantly between areas. A high number was found in the areas with mining activities, although there was no difference in the diversity index of the two areas. However, it was found that when the combined data was analyzed, there was a significant difference in the daily activity of both mammals and wild birds in both areas. Many rare wildlife species were recorded during this study, for example, the Malayan Pangolin, Serow, Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Rufous Limestone-babbler, Golden Jackal, Leopard Cat, Large-toothed Ferret Badger, Small Asian Mongoose, Common Palm Civet, Small Indian Civet, Malayan Porcupine. The key measure proposed is to preserve some natural habitats within the areas with mining activities, as wildlife remains in the area.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PM10 CONCENTRATION IN VILLAGES IN THE AREA OF LIME STONE MINING, BANDUNG BARAT REGENCY

Air pollution can occur one of which is due to the activities of limestone mining, especially the combustion process which has a high potential to cause lime dust. This study examines PM10 pollutant levels in villages that are close to limestone mining areas in West Bandung Regency. PM10 is airborne particles smaller than 10 micrometers. The research was conducted in Citatah Village, Gunungmasigit Village, Jayamekar Village, Ciburuy Village and Padalarang Village. This study aims to compare the results of PM10 pollutant measurements in the five villages with the PM10 pollutant quality standard in Indonesia. Air sampling was carried out for three days. These results were then analyzed spatially using Arcmap 10.3. Sampling using a particle counter measuring instrument HT-9600. The result showed that there were two villages, Citatah Village (98.78 µg/m3) and Gunungmasigit Village (111.67 g/m3) with an average PM10 measurement above the standard value of air pollution quality in Indonesia (75 µg/m3).

Morphology of Local Sweet Potatos (Ipomoea batatas) Leave Waste in Disused Limestone Mining Areas were Fertilized by Goat Litter Compost

The aim of this study was to determine the morphology of local sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf waste as forage in disused limestone mining areas were fertilized by goat compost litter. The method used in this research was an experimental method in the disused limestone mining area by using a factorial pattern with a completed randomized design, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Factor I was three types of local sweet potatoes, namely purple (U), white (P) and yellow (K) sweet potatoes, while the Factor II was the level of goat litter fertilization, namely k1: Level of goat litter fertilization 0.5 kg. / m2, k2: 1 kg / m2, k3: 1.5 kg / m2 and k4: 2 kg / m2. The morphology of sweet potato leaf waste was measuredby the number of leaf, the width of leaf, the length of leaf stalk and the weight of leaf . The results showed that the local type of sweet potato had significant different (P < 0.05) but the level of goat compost litter fertilization had no significant different (P > 0.05) on the morphology. Judging from the, it can be concluded that the waste of orange (O) sweet potato leaf with goat litter fertilization of at least 1 kg/m2 or 10 tons/ha has a high morphology, so that the amount of sweet potato leafwaste which was produced for the forage will be high.

Comparison of petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of Poz-eWazirabad and Qachandara limestone mine of Samangan province

limestone is one of the sedimentary rocks and one of the most extended materials of this group which is widely used for production of cement, glasswork industries, tile making and heat resistance. Therefore, a research experiment was conducted in 2020 at of Poz-E- Wazirabad and Qachandara of Samangan province in Afghanistan to compare the similarity and the differences of petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of limestone in both mines. The samples were taken from both the mines for spectrometric analyses at directorate of laboratories of ministry of mining. Besides, the slides were prepared from these samples and the mineral composition, structure and texture characteristics were studied under petrographic microscope in laboratory of Geology and Mines of Kabul Polytechnic University. The main objectives of this study were to know the similarities and differences in petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of both mines, which in case of more similarities and favorability of Qachandara limestone mine; it would be suggested as a good source for establishment of a cement factory and other dependent industries on limestone in this province. The results indicated a lot of similarities with minor differences in both the mines. The minor differences were the amount of calcium oxides which was 52.54% in Poz-E-Wazirabad which was reduced in Qachandara mine to 47.81%. The magnesium content of Qachandara limestone was about 4% richer than Poz-E-Wazirabad limestone mine. The Poz-E-Wazirabad limestone was white in color while the Qachandara limestone color was gray to black, which shows the existence of organic matter in composition of this mine. The structure of limestone in Wazirabad mine was biomorphic but the limestone structure in Qachandara mine was oolitic.

Occupational conditionality of diseases of chronic generalized periodontitis and bruxism in limestone quarry workers

Aim. To identify the occupational risk of developing chronic generalized periodontitis and bruxism in limestone quarry workers.Materials and methods. We examined 214 workers of the limestone quarry, of which 66 patients were diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis, aggravated by bruxism, these patients were taken for treatment. Investigated the indices of hygiene, bleeding, periodontal, measured the depth of periodontal pockets. Electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles, microcirculation of periodontal blood flow, and radiography were performed. Established professional conditioning. The patented treatment we proposed: a children's phytogel for teeth and gums Karmolis was introduced into the pathological pockets and along the gingival margin, after which lasertophoresis was carried out according to the labile technique on the upper and lower jaws segmental. Fluctuorization, mouthguards, remedial gymnastics, self-massage – all these are the therapeutic measures offered by us.Results. After the treatment we carried out, the index of the indices improved, the speed and volume of blood flow in the periodontium increased, the temporal and masticatory muscles became less tense, all this indicates a favorable course of the therapy.Conclusions. Moderate CGP, aggravated by bruxism, are occupational diseases in limestone mining workers.

Radar imaging of fractures and voids behind the walls of an underground mine

Two- and three-dimensional rock-penetrating-radar data were acquired on the wall of a pillar in an underground limestone mine. The objective was to test the ability of radar to image fractures and karst voids and to characterize their geometry, aperture, and fluid content, with the goal of mitigating mining hazards. Strong radar reflections in the field data correlate with fractures and a cave exposed on the pillar walls. Large pillar wall topography was included in the steep-dip Kirchhoff migration algorithm because standard elevation corrections are inaccurate. The depth-migrated 250 MHz radar images illuminate fractures, karst voids, and the far wall of the pillar up to approximately 25 m depth into the rock, with a spatial resolution of <0.5 m. Higher frequency radar improved the image resolution and aided in the interpretation, but at the cost of shallower depth of penetration and extra acquisition effort. Due to the strong contrast in physical properties between the rock and the fracture fluid, fractures with apertures as thin as a 50th of a radar wavelength were imaged. Water-filled fractures with mm-scale aperture and air-filled fractures with cm-scale apertures produce strong reflections at 250 MHz. A strong variation in the reflection amplitude along each fracture is interpreted to represent the variable fracture aperture and the nonplanar fracture structure. Fracture apertures were quantitatively measured, but distinguishing water from air-filled fractures was not possible due to the complex radar wavelet and fracture geometry. Two conjugate fracture sets were imaged. One of these fracture sets dominates the rock mass stability and water inrush challenges throughout the mine. All of the detected voids and a large cave are at the intersection of two fractures, indicating preferential water flow and dissolution along conjugate fracture intersections. Detecting, locating, and characterizing fractures and voids prior to excavation can enable miners to mitigate potential collapse and flood hazards before they occur.

Floristic transformation of the steppe area in the lower reaches of the Osyotr River due to anthropogenic impact

The purpose of this study was to survey the steppe site located on the right bank of the Osyotr River, near the village of Argunovo, in the urban district of Zaraysk, Moscow Region. It was required to analyze the key floristic changes that have occurred in its composition to date. For comparison, the floristic description of this site, detailed by R.I. Dyakova in the 1950s. The work takes into account the fact of man-made interference in the 1960s, as a result of limestone mining there in violation of the vegetation cover. In the autumn, 2020 the authors of this article studied a steppe site in the neighborhoods of the village of Argunovo in Zaraisk urban district of Moscow region and collected a herbarium donated to funds [MHA]. This steppe community was first discovered and described in detail by R.I. Dyakova in the 1950s. In the 20th century, due to the extraction of limestone in the lower reaches of the Osyotr River, this biotope was disturbed. It was established that over the past 70 years, the area occupied by the association with Stipa pennata L. and Geranium sanguineum L. significantly decreased and some steppe species disappeared. A factor in the transformation of the steppe cenosis was also cessation of grazing, which led to the appearance of a number of meadow-steppe species. The studied area near the village of Argunovo can be considered as a unique meadow-steppe reserve. It is located at the northern border of the forest-steppe zone and includes the elements of the Oka steppe flora that has preserved to this day. The populations of rare and protected species have been preserved: Stipa pennata, Aster amellus L., Campanula bononiensis L., Gentiana cruciata L., Rosa villosa L. and Pyrus communis L., included in the Red Data Book of Moscow Region. The studied area is potentially susceptible to the invasion of alien species (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, Acer negundo L.) and needs monitoring and protection at the level of the community, population and each species.

Application of humic substances and bottom ash compounds in improving soil quality in limestone post-mining land

Limestone mining leaves the ex-mine land with poor soil chemical quality. Humic substances can be used as fertilizer to increase macronutrient availability in the soil and improve pH. The application of coal ash can improve the soil’s chemical, physical, and biological properties because it has a pH value, high organic C content, available P, and basic cations such as K, Na, Ca, and Mg. This research aims to determine the effect and interaction of humic substances and bottom ash interaction with different doses to improve soil quality after a limestone quarry. This research uses a randomized block design in a factorial pattern. This experiment consisted of humic substances (H) with 4 levels H0, H1 (0.09%), H2 (0.12%), and H3 (0.15%), and bottom ash (B) with three levels: B0, B1 (400 grams), B2 (600 grams). Humic substances at H2 concentration (0.15%) significantly increased C-organic, K, P-available, Mg-dd, and increased plant height. In contrast, bottom ash treatment at a B2 (600 grams) dose significantly affected the increase in C-organic, P-available, and Mg-dd. The treatment of humic substances with concentrations of H3 (0.15%) and bottom ash at a dose of 600 grams is the best interaction characterized by an increase in soil pH, CEC, Ca-dd, K, and Na. The application of a concentration of H3 (0.15%) and the provision of a dose of B2 (600 grams) or 120 tons/ha significantly affect the chemical properties of post-mining soils limestone and increase plant height.

Study on Broken Floor Rock Mass by Mining Underground Pressure

As the dangerous level of floor water inrush in Chinese coal field is becoming more and more serious annually, the widely used formulas of broken floor rock mass are belonged to nonlinear type or empirical type. However, they are not well conformed to the practical situation and including mining underground pressure. The biggest depth of broken floor rock mass and the length of gob-floor or mining-floor until the maximum broken floor location are expressed by theoretical formulas on integrity theory. Taking a mining face in Chinese Anhui Province as the object, the relationship between broken floor rock mass and mining underground pressure is studied by numerical simulation, the theoretical analysis, and the DC exploration. The peak and scope of broken floor rock mass will enlarge until reaching limit value with the increasingly advanced distance. The mining gob stress contour is saddle-shaped, and its growing speed is becoming slower, so the 180 m coal mining face has reached the sufficient mining stage. Wave velocity of broken floor rock mass from 0 m to 16 m is greatly decreased by the mining disturbance, and it is basically conformed to theoretical formula and practical situation. The results can be relatively better used in the pressure mining of the Ordovician limestone, because it can provide some safe guarantee for mining deep coal seam.

Non-deterministic load and dump behaviour in mining haul trucks: a case of study

ABSTRACT Complex load and haul cycles in mining are composed of individual steps, whose times could be better described by a statistical distribution than by the average value. In order to evaluate how loading times and dumping times behave, this paper tested a large dataset of loading and dumping times measured at an open pit limestone mine in Brazil against the distributions most commonly used to model these variables, Log-normal and Normal; as well as Gamma, Logistic, Weibull and Exponential distributions. None of the tested distributions provided statistically significant adherence to the data, but it was possible to identify that for most equipment, Logistic and Normal distributions would produce less error on stochastic modelling then the other tested distributions.

Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in trap cultures from limestone mining sites and un-mined forest soil of Mawsmai, Meghalaya

Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in trap cultures from limestone mining sites and un-mined forest soil of Mawsmai, Meghalaya

Characterisation of Industrial Side Streams and Their Application for the Production of Geopolymer Composites

This study focuses on characterisation of side streams including biomass fly ash, biomass bottom ash, coal fly ash, green liquor dregs, limestone mine tailings, and electric arc furnace steel slag from different industrial locations in Finland. It was found that the fly ash samples contained the highest Al2O3 and SiO2 concentrations, a large number of spherical particles of small sizes and high specific surface areas. Fly ashes and steel slag were observed to contain higher amounts of amorphous phases compared to the other side streams. The high loss on ignition value of the coal fly ash and green liquor dregs was found to exceed the limitations for their application in geopolymer composites. Despite their relatively high concentrations in ashes and steel slag, the leaching tests have shown that no hazardous metal leached out from the streams. Finally, test specimens of geopolymer composites (GP2) were prepared by the application of biomass fly ash, bottom ash, and limestone mine tailings without any pre-treatment process, in addition to the ordinary Portland cement-(R) and metakaolin-based geopolymer composites (GP1). The measured compressive (14.1 MPa) and flexural strength (3.5 MPa) of GP2 suggest that it could be used in concrete kerbs and paving flags. The data has also shown that over 500% of the compressive strength was developed between 7 and 28 days in GP2, whereas in the case of reference concrete (R) and the metakaolin-based geopolymer composite (GP1) it was developed in the first 7 days.

Numerical investigation of flow control technology for grouting and blocking of flowing water in karst conduits

AbstractA sequential flow and solidification method was applied to the numerical investigation of flow control technology for grouting and blocking of flowing water in karst conduits. This method accounted for the temporal‐ and spatial‐evolution characteristics of the viscosity. It achieved the visualization of grouting in flowing water in a conduit, and was used to explore a reasonable and effective method for grouting through flow‐control technology. Firstly, the responses of different water tables and flow‐control intensities were studied by establishing a generalized model of flow control at the outlet of a conduit. Secondly, the initial sedimentation location and the distance of down‐flow and counter‐flow of slurries with different intensities of flow control were compared and analyzed. The outlet flow, the loss rate of the slurry, and the distribution laws of velocity and pressure inside the conduit during plugging were further analyzed. In addition, the mechanism of flow control for the grouting and plugging of large‐flow conduits was revealed. The results showed that the most direct effect of flow control on grouting was to decrease the flow rate of flowing water, and the most essential role was to improve the retention rate of slurry. Moreover, the results were applied to the large‐scale water inrush control project of Hejing Limestone Mine, China. The slurry stop devices improved the retention rate of slurry and optimized the grouting technology, which had a certain guiding significance in the treatment of water‐inrush disasters in karst areas.

Smart Helmet-Based Personnel Proximity Warning System for Improving Underground Mine Safety

A smart helmet-based wearable personnel proximity warning system was developed to prevent collisions between equipment and pedestrians in mines. The smart helmet worn by pedestrians receives signals transmitted by Bluetooth beacons attached to heavy equipment, light vehicles, or dangerous zones, and provides visual LED warnings to the pedestrians and operators simultaneously. A performance test of the proposed system was conducted in an underground limestone mine. It was confirmed that as the transmission power of the Bluetooth beacon increased, the Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal detection distance of the system also increased. The average BLE signal detection distance was at least 10 m, regardless of the facing angle between the smart helmet and Bluetooth beacon. The subjective workload for the smartphone-, smart glasses-, and smart helmet-based proximity warning system (PWS) was evaluated using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index. All six workload parameters were the lowest when using the smart helmet-based PWS. The smart helmet-based PWS can provide visual proximity warning alerts to both the equipment operator and the pedestrian, and it can be expanded to provide worker health monitoring and hazard awareness functions by adding sensors to the Arduino board.

Stochastic Predictions of Ore Production in an Underground Limestone Mine Using Different Probability Density Functions: A Comparative Study Using Big Data from ICT System

This study stochastically predicted ore production through discrete event simulation using four different probability density functions for truck travel times. An underground limestone mine was selected as the study area. The truck travel time was measured by analyzing the big data acquired from information and communications technology (ICT) systems in October 2018, and probability density functions (uniform, triangular, normal, and observed probability distribution of real data) were determined using statistical values. A discrete event simulation model for a truck haulage system was designed, and truck travel times were randomly generated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The ore production that stochastically predicted fifty times for each probability density function was analyzed and represented as a value of lower 10% (P10), 50% (P50), and 90% (P90). Ore production was underestimated when a uniform and triangular distribution was used, as the actual ore production was similar to that of P90. Conversely, the predicted ore production of P50 was relatively consistent with the actual ore production when using the normal and observed probability distribution of real data. The root mean squared error (RMSE) for predicting ore production for ten days in October 2018 was the lowest (24.9 ton/day) when using the observed probability distribution.

An Integrated Evaluation Method for the Grouting Effect in Karst Areas

Our proposed integrated evaluation method for the grouting effect in karst areas is based on the cloud model (CM), the analytic hierarchical process (AHP), and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system. Our method fully considers the fuzziness and randomness of the evaluation indices, and bridges the gap between qualitative information and a quantitative evaluation value. The evaluation index system for the grouting effect is established by integrating metrics related to the construction technology, apparent parameters, and observational data from inspection holes and geophysical exploration techniques. First, the weight of each index is calculated using the AHP, which has been modified by the CM. Then, we calculate the cloud model membership degree for each index. Finally, we determine the comprehensive evaluation level by examining the similarity measures between the various cloud models. In this case study, we use our integrated method to evaluate the initial results of the grouting treatment project in the China Resources Cement (Pingnan) Limestone Mine. Our results are validated by subsequent monitoring results for this project. This study provides valuable insight into the treatment of water inflow in karst areas.

Tokoh Tasawuf di Era Modern dan Model Dakwahnya

KH. Abd. Ghofur is a simple tasawuf figure which is charismatic and full of authority. Up to now, he is a clergy figure having a preaching influence in Lamongan, Tuban, Gresik, Bojonegoro, even in all east java. KH. Abdul Ghofur chooses the way of Education Thoriqoh. How does he offer the Education Thoriqoh? In the book Al-Ma’arif Al-Muhammadiyah, Syaidina Ali bin Abi Thalib ever asked to Rasulullah SAW: “Excuse me Rasulullah, show me the way (thoriqoh) which is near unto Allah, and easily for Allah’s servant, and the most important for Allah!” Rasulullah SAW said: “Doomsday will not happen when there is still human being saying the world “Allah” in this world.” K.H. Abdul Ghofur ever said: “This time is not the time for jihad by the war. But, it is better we engage jihad by against to the laziness and stupidity, that is by praying more and more, and studying seriously.” Besides as a theologian, educator, scientific, and fighter, he is also a successful entrepreneur. Because of the minimal budget for pesantren from government, Sunan Drajat Islamic Boarding School, independently, can fund daily needs of all its students free of charge by running some companies under the shelter of Islamic Boarding School of Sunan Drajat Lamongan as like: limestone mining, Juice “Mengkudu Sunan”, Mengkudu Plantation, Fertilizer Industry, Production of mineral water “Aidrat”, The Cattle Farm, The Catfish Cultivation, The Wood Craftsman Production, The Production of Honey “Tawon Bunga”, The Production of Salt “Samudra”, The Embroidery Business and Convection, Persada FM Radio, Persada TV, Persada Raisa (Umroh Travel), dan others.