Limestone Bands Research Articles

The succession of limestones within the Ilfracombe Beds (Devonian) of North Devon

Previous workers in North Devon have, in general, considered that there are numerous limestone bands developed within the Ilfracombe Beds. The present paper demonstrates that there are only two main limestones, each about thirty feet thick, which, though similar in lithology, have a markedly different coral fauna. These limestones are separated by about 250 feet of slate in which occurs a further limestone only three to four feet thick with a distinctive lithology. The fauna so far obtained from these limestones suggests an upper Givetian or Frasnian age for the succession; the coral fauna from the thin intermediate limestone is not recorded elsewhere in the British Isles, but it is comparable with a fauna from the Hlubocěpy Limestone (Middle Devonian) of Bohemia. The total thickness of the beds in which the limestones occur is only about 350 feet.

The Middle Lias of the Dorset coast

Summary The two zones of the Middle Lias of the Dorset coast are remarkably different. The spinatum Zone at the top has a maximum thickness of only two feef, consisting of ferruginous sandstones or limestones containing species of Pleuroceras . The margaritatus Zone is more than two hundred times thick, consisting of loams, clays and sands, wit hard sandstone and limestone bands, containing species of Amaltheus and Amauroceras . In the palaeontological section of the paper, remarks on the amaltheid ammonites are confined to their stratigraphical distribution, and more detailed treatment is given to representatives of Metacymbites, Dactylioceras , and the Middle Liassic hildoceratids Leptaleoceras and Paltarpites . Finally, a comparison is made with the stratigraphy and ammonite faunas of the Middle Lias on the Yorkshire coast, and the conclusion is drawn that differences between the two areas were greater in spinatum Zone times than in margaritatus Zone times.

Fossil foraminifera from the cretaceous rocks of South India

The author is now engaged in a detailed study of the fossil Foraminifera from the Cretaceous rocks of South India; the present paper deals with the Orbitoids found in a limestone band recently noticed near Ariyalur, in the Trichinopoly area. The abundance of these Orbitoids, together with plenty of associatedSiderolites, indicates that the containing rock is of Maestrichtian age and occupies a stratigraphical position in the Ariyalur group just below the overlying Niniyur Group (Danian). While some of the Orbitoids occurring here resemble certain species ofLepidorbitoides andOrbitocyclina already described, there are others which appear to be new. The paper gives a general account of these Orbitoids, drawing special attention to some of their interesting features. The probable significance of these in the study of the family Orbitoididae is briefly discussed.

Archaeocyatha from the Colville and Salmo areas of Washington and British Columbia

In 1948 and 1950 Dr. H. Little of the Geological Survey of Canada collected Archaeocyatha from the Lower Cambrian outcrops of Colville, Washington, and Salmo, British Columbia. These collections were later supplemented by Dr. V. J. Okulitch with fossils from the same localities. The Archaeocyatha of the Salmo area occur in a narrow band of limestone in the basal Laib formation. Those of the Colville area, Washington, were found in an outcrop of Old Dominion limestone. Numerous species are present in both localities, and two new species are described: Ethmophyllum lineatus from the Laib formation and Syringocnema colvillensis from the Old Dominion limestone. The species Archaeopharetra typica, Monocyathus sp., and Claruscyathus solidus are reported for the first time from North America. Claruscyathus solidus is particularly abundant at the Colville locality.

On the Chemical Composition of Some Waters from the Moor House Nature Reserve

The analysis of bog waters has a two-fold value. Firstly, it is of some intrinsic interest to elucidate the chemical composition of waters isolated from the mineral soil by organic deposits, and deriving their entire mineral supply from atmospheric precipitation. Secondly, the poverty of raised and blanket bogs in mineral nutrients is undoubtedly an important factor in determining their floras; and vegetation patterns can often be associated in a general way with water composition. This paper records the amounts of eleven constituents in various natural waters from the new Pennine Nature Reserve at Moor House - chiefly from pools on the blanket peats at Bog Hill, now under intensive investigation by the Nature Conservancy. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Moor House lies at an altitude of about 1800 ft. (550 m.) in the northern Pennine uplands, with a rainfall of about 64 in. (162 cm.), an average annual temperature of 44? F. (6.7? C.) and an average relative humidity of 86 per cent (all data for 1953 only). It is surrounded by moorland and blanket bog vegetation, on peat overlying drift or carboniferous rock with limestone bands. Burning and grazing have affected the plant communities, which in general resemble those described by Pearsall (1941) from the Stainmore district a little to the south. Among the least disturbed areas is Bog Hill, a slight elevation blanketed by deep peat and bearing a community dominated by Sphagnum acutifolium (agg., including rubellum and nemoreum), Calluna vulgaris and Eriophorum vaginatum, with Trichophorum caespitosum locally abundant. The Sphagnum cover is fairly continuous, with several small pools dotted about its surface. These most frequently contain Sphagnum cuspidatum and Eriophorum angustifolium, with the alga Chlorobotrys sometimes forming a scum at the bottom. In certain pools Drepanocladus fluitans is quite plentiful, in others the liverwort Gymnocolea inflata. Sphagnum papillosum is often abundant at the pool margins. METHODS Water samples were obtained on two occasions in 1954, following a dry spell (May 18th) and during wet weather (August 2nd). The bog pools sampled ranged in size from about 1 to 15 ft. (0.3 m. to 4.5 m.) across, and up to about 18 in. (46 cm.) deep. Collections were made and stored in polythene bottles, the waters being filtered through Whatman 541 papers (washed with three volumes of distilled water and one volume of sample) within a day or two of collection. pH was determined by glass electrode, and specific conductivity by a bright platinum cell and Mullard bridge. Calcium and magnesium were estimated by versenate titration with ammonium purpurate and eriochrome black T as indicators; samples coloured by humus were evaporated to dryness with a few drops of hydrogen peroxide and taken up in dilute hydrochloric acid. Sodium and potassium were measured by EEL flame photometer,

Les calcaires stratifies a Daviesiella llangollensis de la bande d'Avesnes (2e note)

Other| January 01, 1953 Les calcaires stratifies a Daviesiella llangollensis de la bande d'Avesnes (2e note) Henry Derville Henry Derville Author Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Henry Derville Author Publisher: Société Géologique de France First Online: 03 Oct 2017 Online Issn: 1777-5817 Print Issn: 0037-9409 GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1953) S6-III (9): 981–986. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S6-III.9.981 Article history First Online: 03 Oct 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Henry Derville; Les calcaires stratifies a Daviesiella llangollensis de la bande d'Avesnes (2e note). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 1953;; S6-III (9): 981–986. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S6-III.9.981 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyBulletin de la Société Géologique de France Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Les calcaires stratifies a Daviesiella llangollensis de la bande d'Avesnes

Abstract Presents stratigraphic details and (in the second note) describes calcispheres of the Daviesiella llangollensis-bearing limestones of the Avesnes limestone band (Carboniferous), as exposed in the Baldaquin quarry, Avesnes region, France. These stratified limestones overlie massive Productus sublaevis-bearing limestone, are gray or blue, fine-grained, and are characterized by a relatively compact zoned or concretionary texture. The zoning and concretions are clearly of organic (algal) origin. Dolomitization has obliterated the texture at several horizons, but an occasional visible nodule suggests that these layers are also, at least in part, of organic origin.

A note on a small ammonoid fauna from the Northern Range of Trinidad, British West Indies

During the course of an investigation of the Toco district at the eastern end of the Northern Range a small number of poorly preserved pyritized ammonites have been found. They occur in low-grade sericite phyllites which are the dominant rock type of the area. The first specimens were observed in deeply weathered rock near Cumana village at the 24¼-mile post on the Toco road. They were too fragile for extraction and preservation but were seen to be slender, uncoiled forms, with a maximum length of 25 mm. Subsequently, a number of incomplete specimens, including coiled and uncoiled forms, were found in fresh rock at Cumana Bay. In all, 14 pyritized specimens were collected but the majority were too poorly preserved to allow determination. In spite of continued search very few other fossils have yet been found. In a thin limestone band at Balandra River, some five miles to the south of Cumana Bay, however, scattered Aptychi were collected; and at the mouth of the Tompire River, in a calc-phyllite, minute limonitic casts of embryonic ammonites were found. The collection was shown to Dr. Spath, who identified the following forms : Protancyloceras sp. ind., ?Bochianites sp. ind., phylloceratid or desmoceratid type, Lamellaptychus sp. ind. This fauna is too poor to allow more than a very broad indication of the age to be given. According to Dr. Spath, it may range from Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) to Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian), and such a range would be consistent with the sparse information that is

The Carboniferous System in North County Dublin

Summary The Loughshinny Black Shales, P 2 , represented the highest known Carboniferous horizon in County Dublin until 1939. A survey since then of the upland stretching west-north-westwards from Loughshinny has shown that Arnsbergian beds, E 2 , cover about eight square miles. It is considered that the zones present are those of Cravenoceratoides nitidum and Eumorphoceras bisulcatum s.s. They consist of a lower Balrickard Sandstone series, about 100 feer, and an upper Walshestown Shale series, about 320 feet. The former are dark-grey, micaceous, calcareous sandstone interspread with black limestones and shales and yield Eu. bisulcatum . The shale series consists mainly of black shale, often with goniatites and marine lamellibranchs. There are two limestone bands and several mudstone, siltstone and clay-ironstone beds. Near the top Ct. stellarum occurs, indicating the uppermost subzome of the Ct. nitidum zone E 2b . No indication of an E 1 fauna was found. The Upper Bollandrian, P 2 , which on the coast is represented by black shales, consists inland of black argillaceous limestone with a little shale containing Paragonialites subcircularis and abundant Posidonia membranacea . No trace of Pd. becheri or P 1 gonitites was seen inland. Probascidella found at one localit probably indicates the base of P 1 . Below the black P 2 beds are at least 600 feet of grey limestones, some of them cherty, considered to represent the Cyathaxonia Beds, and the Kate, Carlyan and Holmpatrick limestones of the coast section C 2 -D 1 . The area is on the south margin of the Ballbriggan Lower Palaeozoic massif and seems to include basin and back-reef facies. Absence of E 1 and overlap of E 2 upon the Lower Palaeozoic represent the Sudetian movements. The mid-Avonian disturbances (Nassauian phase) are indicated inland by basement fragmental beds, as on the coast by the well-known Rush and Lane conglomerates. One north-east and south-west fault was observed and three others with a similar trend are inferred. There are two main anticlines in the Carboniferous rocks with north-east and south-west axes pitching north-eastwards, one of which is evidently continuous with that at Oldtown to the south-west and possibly also with the east-and-west anticline pitching east in the Lower Palaeozoic seen in the islands at Skerries. Its curved course would thus be parallel to that of the Swords-Portrane anticline to the south.

A MICA LAMPROPHYRE FROM MOORREESBURG, CAPE PROVINCE

Abstract A thin sill of mica lamprophyre intrusive into a thick limestone band in the Malmesbury series is described. The rock appears to be unique in the Western Province, and a chemical analysis shows it to have affinities with the kersantite group rather than the minettes.

Birmingham and the Black Country

The most notable seam of the South Staffordshire coalfield is the Ten Yard or Thick coal, which reaches the unusual thickness of 30 to 35 feet. Underlying a large area, this seam, together with the associated bands of limestone, has been a source of enormous wealth to the district. Outcrop of the Thick coal passes through Dudley and Darlaston and to the west of Bilston (see Figure 2). Farther north it becomes split into over a dozen separate seams, still totalling about 30 feet, but separated by hundreds of feet of barren strata. The ironstones

The Highland Border Series in Bute

DURING a recent examination of a disused quarry situated 750 yards west 10° south of Rothesay Pier, and 1,200 yards north 15° west of the north end of the Kirk Dam, a band of limestone was observed on the north side of a broad east-west Permo-Carboniferous quartz-dolerite dyke. The limestone was recorded by Gunn in 1884 on a 6-inch to the mile manuscript map of the Geological Survey, but it is not shown on the published l-inch to the mile map (Sheet 29, 1892). It does not appear to have been described in geological literature, although it may have been seen by Nicol1, who made a passing reference to limestone in this part of the island.

The Formation of the Hydraulic Limestones of the Lower Lias

AS a result of a study of the Liassic limestones of the Dorset coast, Dr. W. A. Richardson (1923) concluded that both the limestone bands and the nodules were of secondary origin, and largely displaced the associated marls and shales. Observations made during a study of the Hydraulic Limestone Series (pre-planorbis-johnstoni subzones) in south Nottinghamshire lend support to the hypothesis of concretionary origin, but do not accord with certain other of Dr. Richardson's suggestions.

Geographical Controls of Agriculture in Orkney and Shetland

T nHE two island archipelagoes, the Orkneys and the Shetlands, situated off the extreme north of Scotland, have been long a subject of interest and confused knowledge to those in the south. On account of their relative remoteness, particularly Shetland, little sound literature has been diffused. The two groups lie athwart the 59'and 60? N. parallels and consequently lie as far north as Cape Farewell (South Greenland), Kenai Peninsula (Gulf of Alaska), Okhotsk (Kamchatka Province), Leningrad, and Oslo. Such an aspect of the position (Figure 1 ) gives a very different impression from that in the usual atlas map of Scotland with these two countries placed into convenient sea areas off the Hebrides or Moray coast. Of the two groups the mid portion of Shetland lies more than a whole degree farther north thlla the central portion of Orkney and consequently is far more isolated than the latter as regards approach from the mainlland of Scotland. Orkney, within easy sight of Caithness (Figure 2), was as a result more easily settled by the ferry-loupers who crossed from the south and ousted the Norwegian settlers in the economic struggle. Both island groups consist of a large mainland, deeply penetrated by the sea, wvith associated satellite islands differing, however, in that Orkney has these scattered irregularly while in Shetland the islands are spread in a N-S line, if one includes Fair Isle and Foula, which is controlled by the geological structure trends. To the casual reader the two archipelagoes are considered alike, but a very cursory analysis reveals that the two are complementary in almost everything save position. As Figure 3 reveals Shetland consists essentially of a metamorphosed core with two main areas of warmer Old Red Sandstone soil-the west with which is associated Foula and the south with which is associated Fair Isle. In the west are areas of igneous rocks of either an intrusive or extrusive character. In the metamorphosed areas are certain limestone bands of outstandilng importance. They have proved to be weaker to erosion influences than the surrounding rocks and also have provided both less acid soils and a source of lime for sweetening soils elsewhere. These sheltered limestone valleys, as at Tingwall, have proved to be as valuable in the agricultural regime as the sandstone areas of Dunivossness in the south. By contrast with this the solid geology map of Orkney, Figure 4, reveals a monotonous stretch of Old Red Sandstone rocks save near Stromness where there is a development of igneous rocks and small outcrops of the Highland GraniteSchist-Complex. In other words, Shetlanld is to be placed with the Highlands of Scotland while Orkney is to be placed in the N. E. Coast Lands. The difference is further emphasized

Note on the Petrology of the Drybrook Sandstone of the Forest of Dean

THE late Dr. Vaughan, in 1905, established the age of the sand-stone lying above the Whitehead Limestone of the Forest of Dean as of upper Seminula age, and not, as had been supposed, as the equivalent of the Millstone Grit. Later, in 1912, Dr. T. F. Sibly described the sandstone as “ composed very largely of pure quartz sandstones, often coarse-grained and friable. Conspicuous bands of quartz conglomerate occur: some clays and shales are intercalated, with the sandstones: and some haematite deposits are developed ”. The same author described the structure of the Forest of Dean coalfield and noted the perfectconformity of the Dry brook Sandstone on the Whitehead Limestone and the overstep of theCoal-measures. The latest description of the sandstone, and the one which is most complete, is given by Dr. Sibly in his work on the ironstone of the Forest of Dean. His description reads “ Red, white, and mottled red and white sandstones compose the bulk of the formation. The rocks are mainly friable, but compact and even quartzitic rocks occur. In the north-east seams of quartz conglomerate are numerous. In the south-west bands of gritty limestone and dolomite develop ”.

XX.—The GenusDictyoconusand its Allies: A Review of the Group, together with a Description of Three New Species from the Lower Eocene Beds of Northern Baluchistan

AbstractThe author recalls the various opinions which have been expressed as to the relationships of Blanckenhorn's genusDictyoconusto other foraminiferal types. He shows howDictyoconushas been affiliated to the generaLituola, Lituonella, andCoskinolinaby such authorities as Messrs Schlumberger, Douvillé, and Schubert in the past; but has since been dissociated from them by Professor Cushman in his recent monograph on the Foraminifera. The author then discusses the grounds for this dissociation, which seem to him to be inadequate; and he describes his discovery, in certain Lower Eocene beds of Northern Baluchistan, India, of numerous specimens ofDidyoconus, Coskinolina, andLituonella, mixed indiscriminately together within the same narrow limestone bands, and deceptively similar in external appearance. He describes the differences between these genera—differences which are confined to the peripheral portion of the test—and shows how sections of the three Indian forms reveal the closest agreement in their internal characters as a whole; their generic characters alone affording the means of distinguishing between them. He therefore regards these Indian forms as affording clear evidence of the close affiliation of these three genera. These Indian forms, which are the first representatives of their respective genera to be found so far east, are very similar to such western forms asDictyoconus egyptiensis(Chapman),Coskinolina liburnicaStache, andLituonella robertiSchlumberger and Douvillé; but they have individual peculiarities of their own, and so are described by the author as three new species.

Jurassic Chronology: III—Some Faunal Horizons in Cornbrash

This communication was commenced and mainly written several years ago: it was intended to form the concluding part of the paper on Watton Cliff (III, 8) following after consideration of Fuller's Earth, Great Oolite, etc., strata. But that paper grew to a length which rendered necessary exclusion of studies of strata later than Inferior Oolite. Now lack of time makes further partition necessary, so that the Cornbrash portion is taken by itself. The Cornbrash has usually been described as a comparatively thin band of limestone-rock stretching continuously across England from the coast of Dorset to the coast of Yorkshire, parting the Oxford Clay above from Forest Marble Clay below. It is implied in such description that the Cornbrash is a synchronous deposit, which took a short time to form, and that it contains a comparatively homogeneous fauna. Is such a view correct, or is the continuity of the Cornbrash deceptive? Is not this band of limestone made up of various heterochronous deposits and how far is its fauna homogeneous? Many years ago, my father noticed the phenomena which form a basis of the present studies—the distribution of dissimilar faunas —in regard to the brachiopods of the Cornbrash. In 1853, speaking on the subject at the Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (II, 2) he remarks: ‘The author expressed his opinion that certain oolitic Terebratulæ (viz. T. digona, obovata, lagenalis, ornithocephala ) should be considered as forming one species, at the same time admitting that these forms characterized

The geology of the country around Horsham, Sussex

Summary The following are the chief results of this investigation of the Horsham district o 1. The existence of small outcrops of Grinstead Clay has been shown in the southern part of St. Leonard's Forest. 2. The Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand has an unusually large thickness, viz. , about 180 feet, compared, for instance, with its thickness at Tunbridge Wells (80 ft.). 3. The Horsham Stone—using the term in its broad sense so as to include the intercalated beds of clay, is a lenticular deposit, and does not keep to a definite horizon. 4. There are three distinct lithological types of Horsham Stone: a flaggy calcareous sandstone, a fissile stone and a thickly bedded stone. 5. The Horsham Stone bears a strong similarity to the Tilgate Stone (Wadhurst Clay) in its microscopic structure. 6. The absence of limestone bands in the Weald Clay below the Horsham Stone is noted. 7. Attention is drawn to several interesting features concerning the rivers of the district.

Conditions of Deposition of the Stockdale Shales of the Lake District

I. Introduction. A detailed account of these shales was written by the late Prof. H. A. Nicholson and myself, and some remarks upon their mode of deposition were made therein; but some further notes may be useful to those who are interested in the physical conditions under which sediments were accumulated. The beginning of the deposition of the Coniston Limestone marks the start of a long period of sedimentation, characterized essentially by the accumulation of fine muds with nodular bands of limestone, as noted by Prof. O. T. Jones. The Caradocian portion of the Coniston Limestone contains much detrital matter of coarse character, with interbedded limestones; but in Ashgillian times the sediments were much finer, and these fine muds continued almost uninterruptedly, save by the above-mentioned limestones, to the end of Wenlock times. There are fine grits in the Browgill division of the Stockdale Shales, and the nodular limestone-bands are almost absent in the Brathay Flags, of Wenlock age. Otherwise, conditions of sedimentation, so far as supply of mechanical material is concerned, were very similar in Ashgillian, Valentian, and Lower Salopian times; and graptolites are found in the deposits of these three periods. Details of the sediments of Ashgillian age will be found in a paper by myself, and of the Stockdale Shales in the paper to which reference has already been made. The following tabular statement summarizes the facts:— The wide distribution of these argillaceous sediments in this country and abroad, presenting generally similar characters where-ever found, indicates

VII. The Permian Breccia of Arran

The Breccia which forms the subject of this paper is part of the formation which is mapped by the Geological Survey as Trias. They divide the red sandstones as follows:— Upper Trias Keuper? {Red and mottled shales or marls with thin beds of white, yellow, or grey sandstone, and occasional thin bands of nodular limestone. Lower Trias. {False-bedded red sandstones of Brodick and Corrie. Conglomerates alternating with sandstones. Reddish sandstones with some conglomerates. Light-coloured and yellowish sandstones, sometimes red with calcite in cavities. The stratum with which we have to deal is No. 2, that is, “conglomerate alternating with sandstones.” The Survey classification is based on the unconformity between the red sandstones and the Carboniferous below, especially at Corrie; on the lithological similarity to the English Trias; and on the finding of a portion of the upper marls immediately connected with beds of Rhætic Age in a fragment in the Ard Bheinn volcanic agglomerate. Against this, however, Sir Archibald Geikie was disposed to class the standstones as Permian on account of the close similarity to those of Ballochmyle, in Ayrshire. The question of age was finally disposed of by Professor Gregory in his paper, “The Permian and Triassic Rocks of Arran,” in the Transactions of this Society, vol. xv., Part II. (1913-14). Recently a fresh and confirmatory piece of evidence was discovered by Dr. Tyrrell. This is a bed of volcanic tuff in the bed of the burn in Glen Dubh. Reference to this was made in the programme for This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract