Lime Kiln Dust Research Articles

Relationship between the physicochemical and electrostatic charge characteristics of filler materials on the morphological and adhesive Pull-Off tensile strength of asphalt mastics

• This paper assesses the viability of using mineral fillers from industrial by-products. • Lime kiln dust and dolomite powder were studied and compared to cement powder. • Changes in asphalt binder phases occur as a result of asphalt-filler interactions. • The pH conditions dictate mastics adhesive tendencies due to electrostatic ionic exchange. • Thus, impacting pull-off strengths within asphalt-aggregate interfaces. The influence of filler particle mineralogy, pH and electrostatic charge on the adhesive tensile strength and morphological structure of asphalt mastic composites were assessed in this study. Three different fillers i.e., dolomite powder (DP), lime kiln dust (LKD), and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) together with a conventional PEN 60/70 binder were used for the asphalt mastic preparation. The mastics were mixed at dosages of (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2) filler to binder concentration (F/B) by volume as per the dust to binder specifications of Superpave mix designs. OPC mastic was utilised as the control mastic sample for all conducted tests, while the DP and LKD mastics were tested as sustainable alternatives to the OPC. The impact of filler inclusions in asphalt liquid phases was investigated via optical microscope assessments. Similarly, physicochemical tests of the elemental and mineralogical composition of each filler were accounted for using x-ray diffraction tests. The surface charge characteristics of each test filler was analysed relative to its mastic pH conditions through the application of zeta potential tests. Adhesive pull-off tensile strengths of the mastics on granite and limestone interfaces were also assessed for both dry and moisture conditions. The incorporation of fillers in asphalt binders highlighted the effect of filler reactivity and inert tendency on binders’ morphological phase modification wherein the OPC and LKD were reactive with the asphaltene while the DP was less reactive and inert. Results obtained from both the x-ray diffraction and zeta potential tests also infer the calcium based OPC and LKD to exhibit better surface ionic attraction compatibility with the PEN 60/70 binder than the DP at high F/B. Meanwhile, the relationship between the filler surface charge and mastic pH condition was observed to be significant and reliant upon the mastics adhesive pull-off tensile characteristics.

Properties and microstructure of lime kiln dust activated slag-fly ash mortar

Commercially available alkali activators such as sodium hydroxide and water glass are widely used in the formulation of alkali-activated binder (AAB) to activate ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) or fly ash (FA). However, the production of the commercially available alkali activators yields high carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission results in the same environmental impact as cement production. The present study aimed to develop an alternative alkali activator with low embodied CO 2 for the sustainable production of AAB. In this study, the FA/GGBS blend was activated by 5–30% by lime kiln dust (LKD), an industrial by-product from lime production. The resulting binder was used to produce alkali-activated mortar (AAM) to evaluate mechanical, durability and microstructure properties. The increased of LKD replacement level from 5% to 10% was found to improve both the mechanical performance by around 30% and durability performance of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) by 50% as shown by the optimum mix design, L10G36F64. The best ratio of FA to GGBS was for optimal alkali activation was established as 3:2, by binder weight. A further increase in replacement level and GGBS content beyond the stipulated contents reduced the overall performance of the AAM from the optimum level. The main hydration products of LKD activated FA/GGBS were C-A-S-H and C-S-H. The SEM investigation revealed that the best sample with the composition mentioned had dense microstructure and dense foil-like C-S-H gel. LKD was established to be an effective alkali activator for GGBS-FA to yield AAB with the desired mechanical and durability properties due to its inherent quicklime composition.

Use of Lime Kiln Dust to Improve Properties of Pavement Subgrades

Use of Lime Kiln Dust to Improve Properties of Pavement Subgrades

Improving Weak Subgrade Soil Using Different Additives.

Weak subgrade is the main problem facing most highway projects. Therefore, this study focuses on trying to improve the properties and increase the strength of weak, clayey, swelling soil for use as a subgrade for pavement structural sections. This trial was developed using a mix of granular and chemical stabilization for the soil. Granular stabilization was applied firstly by mixing natural sand at different percentages of 20%, 35%, and 50% of the total weight of clayey, swelling soil samples to find the minimum percentage that could be added to improve it to sandy, clayey soil, which is acceptable as a subgrade according to the Egyptian highway specification code. Secondly, chemical stabilization was applied to enhanced sandy, clayey soil to increase its strength properties. This was performed by adding chemical additives (lime, cement kiln dust (CKD), fiberglass, Addicrete 11, and gypsum) at different ratios of 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total weight of the samples of enhanced sandy, clayey soil. An experimental program was conducted consisting of characteristics and consistency tests, the California bearing ratio (CBR) test, a proctor test, and a consolidated-drained (C-D) tri-axial shear test. The results showed that 50% sand was the minimum percentage that could be mixed with swelling, clayey soil for granular stabilization to be enhanced and become sandy, clayey soil, which is accepted as a subgrade layer according to the Egyptian highway specification code. In addition, using a mix of granular and chemical stabilization increased the compressive strength of this enhanced subgrade by adding 6% lime or cement kiln dust (CKD) of the total sample weight. They enhanced the strength of the soil and reduced its plasticity. Adding 6% fiberglass and polymers could slightly enhance the desired properties; however, it is not recommended to use them due to their slight effect and economic cost. In addition, it is not recommended to use gypsum at more than 4% due to its negative effect on CBR.

The Effect of Pelletized Lime Kiln Dust Combined with Biomass Combustion Ash on Soil Properties and Plant Yield in a Three-Year Field Study

Extensive application of mineral fertilizers resulted in high soil acidity, which is one of the major problems for crop production and soil degradation. Industrial solid waste, such as lime kiln dust and wood ash, can be used as alternative liming materials to benefit sustainable agricultural development. In this work, pelletized lime kiln dust with and without wood ash was utilized as liming material and the results of the three-year field study were compared with conventional mineral-based liming materials. It was determined that pelletized lime kiln dust satisfies the requirements posed by the recent European Union regulations to qualify as liming materials. The application of 2000 kg/ha Ca equivalent pelletized lime kiln dust increased soil pHKCl by ~0.55 pH units. Moreover, pelletized lime kiln dust significantly increased spring wheat grain yields ranging from 33.6% to 40.4%, depending on the pellet size. The usage of these liming materials not only increased crop yield but also decreased heavy metal concentration in soil. Due to high alkalinity, carbonate content, easy handling, and the transportation of pelletized lime kiln dust with and without wood ash, the materials have the potential to be used in agriculture as liming materials to reduce soil acidification and increase crop productivity or be used as soil amendments.

Assessments of moisture damage resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures and asphalt mastic with various mineral fillers

Resistance to moisture damage is crucial for asphalt concrete. Fine-particle mineral fillers have been used to leverage such resistance. This study examines the effects of different types of mineral fillers on the rheology and resistance to moisture damage of asphalt binders and asphalt concrete mixtures. These mineral fillers, namely baghouse dust, lime kiln dust, and hydrated lime, were targeted in this study. These fillers were added to two types of asphalt binders during the initial stage to examine their effects on the rheology of the binders with dynamic shear modulus tests. The effects of the fillers on affinity were evaluated through rolling bottle tests. It was found that mineral fillers can stiffen asphalt binder/mastic, thus providing a higher dynamic shear modulus and better affinity and moisture resistance in terms of a higher percentage of asphalt binder coverage. The properties of asphalt materials were influenced more by filler type than binder type. Hydrated lime provided superior results compared to the others. Consequently, the hydrated lime was used to examine the moisture resistance in the mixture scale in the final stage. It was found that the stiffening behavior can be attributed to the moisture resistance properties in the binder/mastic scale.

Phosphate removal from simulated wastewater using industrial calcium-containing solid waste

Anthropogenic solid waste can serve as a reactive substrate to adsorb and immobilize PO43- to enhance the sustainability of the water-energy-food nexus due to nutrient streams being recovered and recycled into the food chain as slow-release fertilizers. However, the structural complexity of solid waste presents significant hurdles identifying its ultimate potential to efficiently adsorb PO43- from wastewater streams while its rich chemical composition – obtaining usable, heavy metal-free products to be reused in a highly regulated environment. In this study, two types of calcium-rich solid waste, biomass combustion bottoms ash (BA) and lime kiln dust (LKD), were evaluated for their propensity to adsorb PO43- from simulated wastewater streams. Batch adsorption studies showed maximum adsorption (PO43- removal) taking place at 2200 ppm of BA and 1800 ppm LKD with the sorption kinetics obeying well second order behavior. Estimated sorption capacity was 55.6 and 35.3 mg P/g LKD and BA, respectively, comparable or higher than for other natural Ca-containing natural minerals reported in the literature. PO43- ion adsorption was shown to be inhibited to below 50% as organic acid concentration increased in simulated wastewater solution. Importantly, heavy metal release into the simulated wastewater was assessed and it was concluded that only BA released Zn concentrations which were higher than those regulated by EPA. Mechanistically, the underlying metal release phenomena were observed and explained by the significant initial material dissolution rather than by any competing processes, such as organic acid competitive adsorption with PO43- ion.

Assessment of lime‐conditioned dairy manure fine solids captured using dissolved air flotation for fertilization in horticulture

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) has shown potential to substantially improve phosphorus (P) mass balance on dairy farms by capturing P associated with fine solids from liquid manure, enabling new management options. However, at<25% total solids, further dewatering is necessary to facilitate export of recovered fine solids off farm for use in bagged or bulk products. Physical conditioners such as quicklime (QL) and lime kiln dust (LKD) are commonly used to enhance mechanical dewatering of biosolids, but their effect on the properties and fertilization value of DAF-captured manure fine solids has not been documented. We generated plant foods using DAF-captured dairy manure fine solids conditioned with 3, 4.5, and 6% m/m QL or LKD and dewatered using a benchtop press for comparison with thermally dried fine solids. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were grown in a soilless substrate amended with 6% v/v plant food and in an unamended control. Thermally dried and LKD plant foods produced significantly greater seedling biomass than QL plant foods and the unamended control. Quicklime- and LKD-conditioned fine solids contained approximately 30× and 10× less water-extractable P than thermally dried fine solids, respectively, likely due to precipitation of Ca-P minerals. The elevated pH (≥10) of the lime-conditioned fine solids could have also suppressed plant growth. These effects limit horticultural applications but could be beneficial in agricultural field settings where slow-release P is desirable. Research beyond this preliminary assessment is needed to determine the practicality and sustainability of the approach along with longer-term nutrient bioavailability.

Influence of concentration and packing of filler particles on the stiffening effect and shearing behaviour of asphalt mastic

The experimental investigation of the effects of filler-bitumen interaction on the stiffening and shearing characteristics of asphalt mastic is presented in this paper. The role of filler particles in terms of particle dispersion, particle sedimentation rate, particle dissipation energy, and their shearing response as a function of their viscosities under different concentrations was analysed. Structural and geometrical morphological tests of the filler particles were also carried out using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. A neat bitumen of 60/70 penetration grade and two alternative mineral fillers, namely lime kiln dust (LKD) and dolomite powder (DP), were used to produce asphalt mastic mixture at a filler- bitumen ratio (F/B) of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 in accordance with the Superpave mix design dust to binder ratio specification. The two individual fillers particle size gradations, was assessed using a laser diffraction technique. The delta ring and ball, as well as the penetration index tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of the asphalt mastic. The shearing response of the asphalt mastic was also determined using a rotational viscometer (RV) device for various shear values at mastic mixing temperature. The results of the study inferred that the stiffening ability of mineral fillers was more dependent on the physical filler properties, such as particle surface area, voids between the interstices of particles, the concentration of particles, and the crowding distance of the particles in the asphalt mastic. It also revealed that the resistance of a neat bitumen to shearing occurs in a shear-thinning response behaviour, while that of an asphalt mastic occurs more as a shear thickening resistance response. The morphological analysis of both the fillers highlighted the differences in voids, fines, surface area, and particle shape structure of the two fillers.

Lime Amendments to Enhance Soil Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity and to Reduce Phosphate Desorption

Reduction in the dissolved phosphorus (P) desorption from agricultural soils could be an effective measure to prevent eutrophication. Lime is a high calcium–containing mineral that can have promising but varying responses on P desorption depending on soil type. The main objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the potential of hydrated lime and lime kiln dust, its cheaper alternative, as soil amendments to increase soil P adsorption capacity and to reduce dissolved P desorption from four soil types (sandy, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam). A batch adsorption study with varying P concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6. 0.8, and 1.0 mM P and an adsorbent dose of 1% lime by air-dried soil mass at a fixed pH of 6.5 was carried out. The adsorption data fit best the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Both hydrated lime and lime kiln dust significantly increased the Freundlich adsorption coefficient by 3.2, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.6 times in loam, sandy, sandy loam, and clay loam soils, respectively. Although the hydrated lime showed a higher potential to increase the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity in comparison to lime kiln dust, they both exhibited similar performance at lower P concentration ranges that are representative of the soil solution. The cumulative phosphorus desorption in the ten consecutive days agreed with the adsorption results. Therefore, lime kiln dust as a by-product could be a promising soil amendment to increase soil phosphorus adsorption capacity leading to less phosphorus desorption to water bodies. Further studies on its interaction with crop growth at field scale are required.

Investigation of hard-burn and soft-burn lime kiln dust as alternative materials for alkali-activated binder cured at ambient temperature

As climate change becomes a severe concern, the development of green technology becomes a goal for many sectors, including the construction material sector. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the main constituent of concrete production, is a primary contributor to releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Some alternative cementitious materials have been studied to reduce the massive amount of OPC consumption. Lime kiln dust (LKD), a by-product of quicklime production, is produced in abundance worldwide and mostly disposed of in landfills. The two types of LKD, soft-burn and hard-burn, are high-potential wastes that can be developed as alternative cementitious binders using the alkali-activated binder (AAB) technology. This study investigates the mixture designation and properties of LKD-based AAB when cured at ambient temperature. The results show that an ambient-cured soft-burn LKD-AAB achieved practical workability with an 8 M NaOH solution, 1.50 of sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH), and 0.60 of liquid alkaline-to-binder ratio (L/B). A rapid setting behavior and an excellent compressive strength of 10.89 MPa at 28 days were revealed at room temperature curing. The ambient-cured hard-burn LKD-AAB could not provide the appropriate properties. However, the mixture of 20% hard-burn LKD and 80% soft-burn LKD resulted in an LKD-AAB mixture that meets the minimum requirement for low-strength cement applications. The positive outcome of this study may be the solution for of LKD wastes utilization in Thailand that addresses the challenge of developing ambient-cured AAB for in-field applications.

Developing one-part alkali-activated metakaolin/natural pozzolan binders using lime waste

Among the several schemes that have been reported to be a satisfactory alternative to Portland cement is alkali-activated cement, which has recently started to receive greater consideration in construction sectors. Conventional two-part alkali activation has many drawbacks, including that the activating solution is viscous, problematic and is not user friendly to handle. Thus, the aim of this research is to produce a one-part alkali-activated metakaolin/natural pozzolan, by using an earth alkaline source (rich in calcium oxide) from waste material (lime kiln dust), as an activating precursor to break the alumina-silicate crystalline phases. Thermal treatment of materials at two levels of treatment (450°C and 950°C) was used as an assisted activation approach. Analytical techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were utilised to investigate the performance of the developed materials at a molecular level. Reduction of crystalline peaks, as well as the appearance of new wollastonite minerals within the calcined lime kiln dust, contributed to the development of 27 MPa compressive strength after 28 days. The dissolution that occurred through the pozzolanic reaction as well as thermal treatment evidently contributed to transform crystalline to amorphous phases.

Upcycling Potential of Industrial Waste in Soil Stabilization: Use of Kiln Dust and Fly Ash to Improve Weak Pavement Subgrades Encountered in Michigan, USA

The State of Michigan in the United States often encounters weak soil subgrades during its road construction and maintenance activities. Undercutting has been the usual solution, while a very few attempts of in-situ soil stabilization with cement or lime have been made. Compared to the large volume of weak soils that require improvement and the cost incurred on an annual basis, some locally available industrial byproducts present the potential to become effective soil subgrade stabilizers and a better solution from the sustainability perspective as well. The candidate industrial byproducts are Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), Lime Kiln Dust (LKD), and Fly Ash (FA), out of which only a fraction is currently used for any other secondary purposes while the rest is disposed of in Michigan landfills. This manuscript describes a laboratory investigation conducted on above industrial byproducts and/or their combinations to assess their suitability to be used as soil subgrade stabilizers in three selected weak soil types often found in Michigan. Results reveal that CKD or a combination of FA/LKD can be recommended for the long-term soil subgrade stabilization of all three soil types tested, while FA and LKD can be used in some soil types as a short-term soil stabilizer (for construction facilitation). A brief discussion is also presented at the end on the potential positive impact that can be made by the upcycling of CKD/LKD/FA on sustainability.

Granulated biofuel ash as a sustainable source of plant nutrients.

Recovery of nutrients from biomass combustion ash is of great importance for sustainable bioenergy waste use. In this work, granulated fertilizer materials were engineered from biofuel bottom ash, lime kiln dust and water, analysed for their chemical complexity and tested in pot experiments (2017-2018) for their propensity to release nutrients. The results obtained in this work showed that spring barley yield was observed to be the highest for granulated biomass ash with 30% of ash in the granule. The yield increased 3.99 t ha-1 per 100 kg ha-1 potassium oxide (K2O) in 2017 and 1.23 t ha-1 per 100 kg ha-1 K2O in 2018. Straw yield varied between 1.39-5.08 t ha-1/100 kg ha-1 in 2017 and 0.36-1.23 t ha-1/100 kg ha-1 in 2018. Calcium concentration significantly increased in soil. No significant changes in soil mobile phosphorus (P) were obtained as well as for the heavy metal concentrations in soil. This suggests that biofuel ash can be a significant source of certain major nutrients for crops that can also beneficially affect soil pH. The results of this work can provide policy-makers with the information needed to diversify existing and enable new biomass bottom ash utilization routes which currently vary significantly between the countries.

Long-term performance of novel high-calcium one-part alkali-activated cement developed from thermally activated lime kiln dust

The traditional activation approach for alkali-activated cement AAC has several problems resulting mainly from the hazardous and corrosiveness of the alkaline chemicals, such as (NaOH, Na2SiO3), which in turn impede the utilisation of AAC in the construction fields. In this study, A second generation of alkali activated binder was developed using Metakaolin (MK) and natural pozzolan material (NP) (as a source of alumina-silicate), these materials were activated using high-calcium lime kiln dust as solid activator to transform the alumina-silicate crystalline phases to cementitious hydrated products. This was achieved with the aid of heat treatment of materials at different temperatures. Raw materials and final AAC samples were characterised using analytical methods, such X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Additionally, long-term compressive strength, chemical and microstructural performance were investigated. The transformation of raw materials from crystalline to amorphous phases happened due to the effect of the heat treatment and the formation of stratlingite products in the final AAC paste, which were evidenced using the mentioned characterisation methods. The findings of the present study proved that the compressive strength of the new binder reached 27 MPa and 51 MPa after 28 and 180 days of curing, respectively, ensuring a progressive as well as a higher degree of alkali-activation and disappearance of unreacted alkaline substances in the final AAC products.

Physicochemical Characterization of Pelletized Lime Kiln Dust as Potential Liming Material for Acidic Soils

Lime kiln dust (LKD) is a fine particulate material by-product produced during the lime burning processes. Current reuse options are chiefly focused on reuse in the cement industry which are limited by the inherent porosity of this by-product. Due to the presence of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and other elements which can serve as micronutrients to the plants, LKD has the potential to be used as a replacement for conventional liming materials for both soil pHKCl increase and plant supplement with secondary major- (Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn and Ni). The work described here outlines the investigation of physicochemical properties of pelletized LKD materials and their effect on soil pHKCl, available Ca and Mg content in the soil as well as straw and grain yields of spring barley. LKD were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis, while detailed chemical analysis of both pelletized LKD and soil was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Pellet size and major element composition were used as chief indicators for the liming capacity of LKD. It was shown that low acidic soil (pHKCl 5.4) can be conditioned using fine (0.1–2 mm) pelletized LKD due to the high release rates while coarse pellets (5–8 mm) did not significantly increase available Ca and Mg content in soil and did not reach optimum pHKCl range even after 48 weeks. The highest application rate of LKD at 4 t/ha increased spring barley grain yield compared to control but the increase was not statistically significant. Thus, pelletized lime kiln dust could be a potential alternative to natural limestone or dolomite minerals as liming material for acid soils with the pellet size determining the liming kinetics.

Geoenvironmental behavior of lime-treated marine sediments

Several hundred million cubic meters of sediment are dredged from various U.S. ports, harbors, and waterways annually to maintain and improve the nation’s navigation system for commercial, national defense, and recreational purposes. The United States Environmental Protection Agency mandated containment of dredged sediments in designated containment facilities. The current study aims to explore the use of sediments dredged from Baltimore Harbor as a potential highway embankment material. Lime-based additives have been added to the dredged material and geotechnical analysis is coupled with environmental assessment in this study. Long-term sequential column leaching test results showed that aluminum, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, and zinc leached from the dredged sediments, but the metal concentrations quickly decreased to EPA water quality limits for protection of aquatic life and human health in freshwaters. Addition of lime kiln dust and quick lime lowered the amount of metals leaching from the material. Contaminant concentrations originating from the dredged sediment in an embankment are reduced up to 80 times in surface waters and decreased to negligible levels upon reaching groundwater.

Geochemical behavior and stabilization of spent sulfate-reducing biofilter mixtures for treatment of acid mine drainage

Sulfate-reducing biofilters operated in semi-passive or passive modes constitute an approach of choice for treatment of acidic mining effluents. The aim of the present study involved examining the behavior of biofilters after use based on two modes of management, namely in unsaturated and saturated media. Two acidophilic biofilters were investigated following their mixing with different alkaline industrial residues (i.e., 25% fly ash biomass or 30% aluminum red mud, or 10% kiln dust). Percolation column tests for a 330-d period indicated that aluminum red mud and lime kiln dust (to a lesser extent) are efficient materials for maintaining the pH neutrality of biofilter leachate and to reduce release of metals (i.e., Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in spent biofilters. The storage of biofilters in saturated mode also makes it possible to preserve the reducing conditions of the environment and neutrality of the pH and to limit the dissolution of the solution of cadmium, nickel and zinc. Conversely, increased iron release is noted under saturated conditions. Finally, the results indicated that a mixture of biofilters and lime kiln dust is preferable to surface addition of these to reduce the loss of metals in leachates.

Effect of Lime Kiln Dust on Kaolin-Slag Mixture

Soil stabilsation is one of the area which needs further research due to its importance both geotechnical and environmentally. Application of landfill materials and turn them into something worthwhile has been in attention of researchers. Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) is one of the materials which shows a potential of usage into soils. On other hand, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) is also one of important tests in soil mechanics to represent characteristic of soil. Surely, in order to run UCS testing, compaction tests was conducted. The compaction values then utilized in the preparation of UCS samples. This study considers the effect of lime kiln dust on the UCS behavior of kaolinite-slag mixture. Compaction and UCS testing were conducted. The results showed that OMC was increased with increasing LKD in kaolinite-slag mixture and MDD was decreased with increasing in kiln dust. UCS also found to be with increasing in kiln dust. The results was support with different curing time (i.e. 7, 28, 90).

Prevention of sulfide oxidation in waste rock by the addition of lime kiln dust

During the operation of a mine, waste rock is often deposited in heaps and usually left under ambient conditions allowing sulfides to oxidize. To focus on waste rock management for preventing acid rock drainage (ARD) formation rather than ARD treatment could avoid its generation and reduce lime consumption, costs, and sludge treatment. Leachates from 10 L laboratory test cells containing sulfide-rich (> 60% pyrite) waste rock with and without the addition of lime kiln dust (LKD) (5 wt.%) were compared to each other to evaluate the LKD’s ability to maintain near neutral pH and reduce the sulfide oxidation. Leaching of solely waste rock generated an acidic leachate (pH < 1.3) with high concentrations of As (21 mg/L), Cu (20 mg/L), Fe (18 g/L), Mn (45 mg/L), Pb (856 μg/L), Sb (967 μg/L), S (17 g/L), and Zn (23 mg/L). Conversely, the addition of 5 wt.% LKD generated and maintained a near neutral pH along with decreasing of metal and metalloid concentrations by more than 99.9%. Decreased concentrations were most pronounced for As, Cu, Pb, and Zn while S was relatively high (100 mg/L) but decreasing throughout the time of leaching. The results from sequential extraction combined with element release, geochemical calculations, and Raman analysis suggest that S concentrations decreased due to decreasing sulfide oxidation rate, which led to gypsum dissolution. The result from this study shows that a limited amount of LKD, corresponding to 4% of the net neutralizing potential of the waste rock, can prevent the acceleration of sulfide oxidation and subsequent release of sulfate, metals, and metalloids but the quantity and long-term stability of secondary minerals formed needs to be evaluated and understood before this method can be applied at a larger scale.