City Of Lima Research Articles

A methodology for managing public spaces to increase access to essential goods and services by vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a spatial decision support system (SDSS) to be used by the local authorities of a city in the planning and response phase of a disaster. The SDSS focuses on the management of public spaces as a resource to increase a vulnerable population’s accessibility to essential goods and services. Using a web-based platform, the SDSS would support data-driven decisions, especially for cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic which requires special care in quarantine situations (which imply walking access instead of by other means of transport).Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a methodology to create a web-SDSS to manage public spaces in the planning and response phase of a disaster to increase the access to essential goods and services. Using a regular polygon grid, a city is partitioned into spatial units that aggregate spatial data from open and proprietary sources. The polygon grid is then used to compute accessibility, vulnerability and population density indicators using spatial analysis. Finally, a facility location problem is formulated and solved to provide decision-makers with an adaptive selection of public spaces given their indicators of choice.FindingsThe design and implementation of the methodology resulted in a granular representation of the city of Lima, Peru, in terms of population density, accessibility and vulnerability. Using these indicators, the SDSS was deployed as a web application that allowed decision-makers to explore different solutions to a facility location model within their districts, as well as visualizing the indicators computed for the hexagons that covered the district’s area. By performing tests with different local authorities, improvements were suggested to support a more general set of decisions and the key indicators to use in the SDSS were determined.Originality/valueThis paper, following the literature gap, is the first of its kind that presents an SDSS focused on increasing access to essential goods and services using public spaces and has had a successful response from local authorities with different backgrounds regarding the integration into their decision-making process.

CALLISTO facilities in Peru: spectrometer commissioning and observations of type III solar radio bursts

The Astrophysics Directorate of CONIDA has installed two radio spectrometer stations belonging to the e-CALLISTO network in Lima, Peru. Given their strategic location near the Equator, it is possible to observe the Sun evenly throughout the whole year. The receiver located at Pucusana, nearby the capital city of Lima, took data from October 2014 until August 2016 in the metric and decimetric bands looking for radio bursts. During this period, this e-CALLISTO detector was unique in its time-zone coverage. To asses the suitability of the sites and the performance of the antennas, we analyzed the radio ambient background and measured their radiation pattern and beamwidth. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facilities for studying solar dynamics in these radio frequencies, we have selected and analyzed type III Solar Radio Bursts. The study of this kind of burst helps to understand the electron beams traversing the solar corona and the solar atmospheric density. We have characterized the most common radio bursts with the following mean values: a negative drift rate of –25.8 ± 3.7 MHz s−1, a duration of 2.6 ± 0.3 s and 35 MHz bandwidth in the frequency range of 114 to 174 MHz. In addition, for some events, it was possible to calculate a global frequency drift which on average was 0.4 ± 0.1 MHz s−1.

Cohousing: viabilidad socioeconómica del modelo en Lima

El problema de insatisfacción de la vivienda posiciona a la ciudad de Lima en el último lugar de América Latina y el Caribe; asimismo, solo el 55,7% de los limeños afirma sentirse satisfecho con su vivienda. El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la viabilidad socioeconómica del modelo cohousing en Lima como alternativa a la oferta inmobiliaria tradicional frente a la problemática actual de insatisfacción. Se han empleado encuestas representativas para identificar los factores que influyen en la intención de compra de una vivienda, se realizaron focus group para valorar aspectos cualitativos del cohousing presentándolo como modelo competitivo y se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo económico-financiero con respecto a un proyecto de vivienda multifamiliar tradicional. Los resultados de la investigación confirman la viabilidad del modelo cohousing en Lima al reconocer un público interesado en sus beneficios económicos y sociales. El modelo podría abrir nuevas oportunidades de cambio e innovación para el mercado inmobiliario, así como la posibilidad de formular nuevos programas de vivienda por parte de Estado.

A Method to Include Life Cycle Assessment Results in Choosing by Advantage (CBA) Multicriteria Decision Analysis. A Case Study for Seismic Retrofit in Peruvian Primary Schools

Building information modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology that improves visualization, understanding, and transparency in construction projects. Its use in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C), while still scarce, is developing in combination with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, such as the choosing by advantages (CBA) method. Despite the holistic nature of MCDM methods, the inclusion of life cycle environmental metrics is lagging in construction projects in LA&C. However, recent studies point toward the need to optimize the synergies between BIM and life cycle assessment (LCA), in which a method like CBA could allow improving the quality of the decisions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to integrate LCA and CBA methods to identify the effect that the inclusion of environmental impacts can have on decision-making in public procurement, as well as comparing how this final decision differs from an exclusively LCA-oriented interpretation of the results. Once the LCA was performed, a set of additional criteria for the CBA method were fixed, including transparency, technical, and social indicators. Thereafter, a stakeholder participative workshop was held in order to gather experts to elucidate on the final decision. The methodology was applied to a relevant construction sector problem modelled with BIM in the city of Lima (Peru), which consisted of three different construction techniques needed to retrofit educational institutions. Results from the LCA-oriented assessment, which was supported by Monte Carlo simulation, revealed a situation in which the masonry-based technique showed significantly lower environmental impacts than the remaining two options. However, when a wider range of technical, social, and transparency criteria are added to the environmental indicators, this low-carbon technique only prevailed in those workshop tables in which environmental experts were present and under specific computational assumptions, whereas teams with a higher proportion of government members were inclined to foster alternatives that imply less bureaucratic barriers. Finally, the results constitute an important milestone when it comes to including environmental factors in public procurement in LA&C.

Knowledge about COVID-19 in Young Lmeños University Students

Millions of cases of people infected with the Covid-19 virus in the world have been reported today, so knowing about its implications is vitally important not only to prevent contagion, but also to combat the fake news that is created about this virus. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of knowledge about coronavirus in young limeños university students in 2020. The study was descriptive of non-experimental design. An online questionnaire evaluating the level of knowledge, previously validated by factorial analysis, was applied as an instrument. The exhibition consisted of 700 young university students from the first academic cycles between the ages of 16 and 25 (350 male and 350 female) from five universities in the city of Lima. The results show an average level of knowledge with 60%, followed by a low level with 20.4% and a high level with only 19.6%. This study is the first to investigate informational aspects related to Covid-19 and some associated socio demographic characteristics among the university population of an important city in Latin America.

Exotic Cultivated Plants in the Diet of the Nectar-Feeding Bat Glossophaga soricina (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) in the City of Lima, Peru

While the presence of some phytophagous bats species in Neotropical cities is generally known, detailed information on their feeding habits in urban ecosystems is still limited. In some highly developed urban spaces, native plant species are scarce, therefore phytophagous bats living in those conditions could be relying only on resources offered by introduced vegetation. This study describes the diet of Glossophaga soricina in the campus of Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina in the city of Lima, Peru. To achieve this, from September 2016 to May 2017, bats were captured using mist nets to collect samples of feces and pollen from their body surface. The phytophagous diet of G. soricina comprised resources offered by at least 25 species of cultivated plants, nearly all of them introduced to Lima. Glossophaga soricina mainly fed on the nectar/pollen of Agave angustifolia, Eucalyptus spp., Crescentia cujete and Musa spp., and fruits of Piper aduncum and Morus nigra. Insects were also registered in its diet. It consumed many non-chiropterophilous flowers and most of its principal resources are not abundant in the study area. Results suggest that G. soricina is a generalist nectarivore that has adapted its dietary habits to consume nectar/pollen of a wide variety of flowers and complements its diet with fruits and insects. It is concluded that introduced cultivated vegetation permits the persistence of G. soricina in the city; hence unsuitable green areas management could negatively affect its local populations. More studies on ecology of urban phytophagous bats in Lima and other Neotropical cities are required to conserve their populations in those altered ecosystems.

Interacción de las inteligencias lingüística y musical y su impacto sobre la adquisición de una lengua extranjera

This document contains a descriptive research, which aims to demonstrate the relationship between linguistic and musical intelligences and their influence on the acquisition of a foreign language. The study had an interdisciplinary approach. From a population of 1000 students aged between 12 and 17 years, a sample of 448 students residing in the city of Lima (Peru) was included, whom in addition to being language students in their educational institutions, were regular students of music. To collect the information, a "TEST VRIMYL" or "Test for the assessment of the relationship between musical and linguistic intelligences" was applied (Briceño & Durán, 2021), conformed of 11 items, of which 10 of them are nominal dichotomous scale, and one multiple-choice. The results obtained demonstrate a positive relationship between music learning and language development, concluding that music students have a natural and inadvertent affinity for learning one or more foreign languages.

Mainstreaming land use planning into disaster risk management: Trends in Lima, Peru

Mainstreaming land-use planning into disaster risk management (DRM) is a vital process for the safeguarding and resilience of communities. Since developing countries are most vulnerable to disasters because of the strong presence of informal settlements with high level risk exposure to hazards, this research analyzes the periphery of Lima city due to its economic indicators with major societal/human impacts. For this, the two case studies of Independence and Lurigancho-Chosica municipalities have been analyzed through the lens of DRM integration into land-use planning. The results show that both municipalities have addressed hazard, exposure, and vulnerability and have elaborated land-use planning proposals on account of technical and financial support from other organizations. However, they tend not to properly implement and monitor DRM because of several urban governance issues and the lack of comprehension among local authorities regarding the significance of DRM as a tool to address challenges and vulnerabilities. The research concludes with trends and lessons as well as recommendations for Lima and other developing cities with similar patterns of segregation. Therefore, strengthening land-use planning would highly improve urban governance and long-term planning in communities while raising awareness in the DRM approach.

Primeros registros de leucismo en la ardilla de nuca blanca Simosciurus nebouxii (Rodentia: Sciuridae) en la ciudad de Lima, Perú

El leucismo es una anomalía cromática que se presenta en una amplia variedad de mamíferos y otros vertebrados, aunque de manera poco frecuente. Los reportes de ardillas arborícolas con esta condición se han hecho en especies de Asia, Norteamérica y Europa, pero para especies de ardillas neotropicales son casi inexistentes. Esta nota reporta la ocurrencia de leucismo en ardillas de nuca blanca que habitan las áreas verdes de tres distritos de la ciudad de Lima, siendo necesarios futuros estudios genéticos y poblacionales para determinar su causa.

How do I see Public Archaeology in ten years in Peru

While thinking about how Public Archaeology would be in ten years from now in Peru, I just realized that it has been almost ten years since we held the first International Symposium of Public Archaeology in 2011 in Lima city. At that time, the concept of Public Archaeology was mostly unknown by local researchers, but there was an increasing interest, especially among young scholars. This interest contrasted with the few spaces to discuss the situation of archaeological remains in the present, their use and their relation to modern population. All these topics were considered outside of the idea of “academic archaeology”, regarding them as just practical issues relate not worthy of deep analysis, and usually related to outreach activities like education or heritage management. Therefore, this Symposium became an important milestone to open a new world of possibilities for the archaeological field in Peru, especially after the creation of the Ministry of Culture in 2010.

Condiciones Laborales Y Equipos De Protección Personal Contra El COVID-19 En Personal De Salud, Lima-Perú

Objective: To determine the association between working conditions and access to personal protective equipment (PPE) in health personnel in the city of Lima-Perú. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample was of 323 respondents virtually in the city of Lima, who met the selection criteria, captured between 07/09/2020 to 08/09/2020. The data collection instrument was validated by expert judgment with a score> 80% (content validity). An analysis was carried out with the generalized linear model of the poisson family, log link function, robust models with fit. A statistically significant value of p <0.05 was considered. Results: 52% of health personnels (HP) worked more than 12 hours and only 55% received one PPE per work day. 50.9% of the HCP almost never received a mask. In the multivariate analysis, the SP with ages <26 years (p=0.00) and from 26 to 55 years (p=0.00) received an incomplete PPE. HP who did not have an employment relationship with the institution (p=0.006) and those who worked in areas with little contact with COVID-19 patients (p=0.022) received a mask on few occasions. Conclusion: Health personnels under 56 years of age rarely received PPE. When they work without an employment relationship and belonged to areas with little contact with COVID-19 patients, they sometimes received a mask.

Design and validation of a scale to measure worry for contagion of the COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19)

ObjectiveThe increase in COVID-19 cases is generating fear and concern in society, which generates an emotional response that influences the adoption of health-related behaviors. The objective of the study was to design and validate the Scale of Worry for Contagion of COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19). MethodThe study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population were young people and adults who resided in the cities of Lima and Callao during the declaration of the national health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 816 young people and adults from Lima and Callao (200 men and 616 women, Medad = 28.40; SD age = 7.10) participated during the period from March 16 to 27, 2020, who were recruited through a non-probability sample. The PRE-COVID-19, the WHO-Five Well-Being Index, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 and a single item were applied to measure the general perception of health. The scales were shared using a Google form through social networks. An internal consistency reliability analysis and structural equation models were performed, specifically confirmatory factor analysis (AFC). The recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles that guide the ethical practice of online studies were followed. ResultsThe results show a one-dimensional model with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (χ2 (9) = 52.00; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .09 [.07, .12]; WRMR = .85). The λ of the model were higher than 0.50 and the reliability had an excellent value (ω = .90). Likewise, the convergent and discriminant validity is evident between PRE-COVID-19 and measures of anxiety, well-being and self-reported health. ConclusionThe results indicate that the PRE-COVID-19 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure concern about the spread of COVID-19 and the emotional impact on people.

Nonrandom spatial distribution of Neotropic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) along a coastal highway in Lima, Peru.

Neotropic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) are common seabirds along the Peruvian coast. They frequently perch on trees, poles and port structures in urban areas, producing guano that builds up in areas of high levels of human activity. Hundreds of Neotropic Cormorants rest on lighting poles and telephone cables along a 12.7 km highway in the coastal strip of the city of Lima, Peru. We hypothesized that the distribution of the cormorants along this highway is clustered and could be associated with physical features of both the coast and the adjacent marine area. Fortnightly or monthly surveys were performed from July 2018 to March 2020 in the Circuito de Playas de la Costa Verde highway. At each survey, cormorants were counted per lighting pole and adjacent telephone cables (collectively, “pole-cable”) at four count hours (0600 h, 1000 h, 1400 h and 1800 h). Our results revealed that daily bird numbers varied from 46 to 457 individuals and that only 17% of the total number of pole-cables (N = 651) was occupied once by at least one individual. The number of cormorants also varied between count hours within the same day (higher numbers at 1000 h and 1400 h). Birds were clustered into a maximum of five hotspots along the highway. According to a model selection criterion, higher numbers of cormorants on pole-cables were associated mainly to a closer distance from these structures to the shoreline and to the surf zone, suggesting that Neotropic Cormorants may select such pole-cables as optimal sites for sighting and receiving cues of prey availability. Based on the results, the use of nonlethal deterrents and the relocation of these birds to other perching structures on nearby groynes could be the most suitable management proposal for the problems caused by their feces.

Perceived value and its influence on satisfaction and loyalty in a coastal city: a study from Lima, Peru

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are: (i) to identify the dimensions that make up the construct of perceived value in a coastal city; and (ii) to establish which dimensions of perceived value influence the satisfaction and loyalty variables of visitors to these destinations with coastal and marine characteristics. The study was carried out in the city of Lima, Peru, being a destination located in the coastal area of the Pacific Ocean. Three hundred and eighty-one questionnaires conducted on site were used. For data analysis, a factorial analysis and stepwise multiple regression method were performed. The results show two dimensions to perceived value, namely, economic-functional and emotional-social. The two dimensions that make up the perceived value are the predictors of tourist satisfaction and loyalty, with the economic-functional dimension being the most important predictor of satisfaction, whereas the emotional-social dimension is the important predictor in the loyalty towards coastal and marine destinations.

Occurrence of personal protective equipment (PPE) associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along the coast of Lima, Peru

The use and disposal of face masks, gloves, face shields, and other types of personal protective equipment (PPE) have increased dramatically due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Many governments enforce the use of PPE as an efficient and inexpensive way to reduce the transmission of the virus. However, this may pose a new challenge to solid waste management and exacerbate plastic pollution. The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence and distribution of COVID-19-associated PPE along the coast of the overpopulated city of Lima, Peru, and determine the influence of the activities carried out in each study site. In general terms, 138 PPE items were found in 11 beaches during 12 sampling weeks. The density was in the range of 0 to 7.44 × 10−4 PPE m−2. Microplastic release, colonization of invasive species, and entanglement or ingestion by apex predators are some of the potential threats identified. Recreational beaches were the most polluted sites, followed by surfing, and fishing sites. This may be because recreational beaches are many times overcrowded by beachgoers. Additionally, most of the PPE was found to be discarded by beachgoers rather than washed ashore. The lack of environmental awareness, education, and coastal mismanagement may pose a threat to the marine environment through marine litter and plastic pollution. Significant efforts are required to shift towards a sustainable solid waste management. Novel alternatives involve redesigning masks based on degradable plastics and recycling PPE by obtaining liquid fuels through pyrolysis.

Transparency-based protocol for decision-making regarding seismic rehabilitation projects of public buildings

Motivation and problem definitionA large number of public buildings designed with obsolete criteria are at high seismic risk and in need of structural rehabilitation. The task of selecting the optimal strategy poses important challenges for decision-makers due to the variety of intervention options and the fact that the construction sector is perceived to be one of the most corrupt in the economy. ObjectiveGiven that transparency is an efficient anti-corruption strategy, a protocol is proposed for decision-making in seismic rehabilitation projects of public infrastructure that incorporates criteria which serve to increase transparency in the project development. MethodsFirstly, the literature was reviewed to describe current practices and regulations linked to decision-making in seismic rehabilitation/retrofitting of buildings. Secondly, relevant criteria that should be taken into account to favor transparency in decision-making were proposed. Thirdly, these criteria were integrated into a protocol that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and collaborative methodologies that involve all stakeholders that will participate in the decision-making process. Finally, the protocol was applied to a real decision-making case study for the selection of alternatives for large-scale reinforcement of state schools in the city of Lima. ResultsThe criteria of auditability or ease of control of the construction process is well regarded by stakeholders as a mechanism to increase transparency. Including these transparency criteria could influence the selection of reinforcement alternatives, especially if the profile of stakeholders is environmentally-oriented. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the dependency of the selection on the decision-maker profile.

Proposal for the application of ICE and BIM sessions to increase productivity in construction

Several studies have shown that the main problem in the construction industry is low productivity. Therefore, this study focuses on developing a proposal through a methodology that can increase productivity in the construction of buildings. The proposed methodology is Virtual Design and Construction (VDC), which has 4 pillars: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE), metrics and Project Production Management (PPM). However, the article mainly develops BIM and ICE sessions. In addition, in the ICE sessions, “work executors” will be added, so that the information is fed back by both parties, specialist engineers and work executors. Finally, the proposal will be applied in a multi-family building project in the city of Lima - Peru, in order to obtain improvement results.

Esquemas desadaptativos tempranos y bienestar psicológico en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa en una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud – IPRESS, Lima, 2020

En el presente estudio se planteó como objetivo determinar la relación entre los esquemas desadaptativos tempranos y el bienestar psicológico de los pacientes que acuden a consulta externa en una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud – IPRESS, Lima, 2020. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y un alcance correlacional; en la cual participaron 120 pacientes (ambos sexos) que acudieron al servicio consulto externa de una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud – IPRESS de la ciudad de Lima. La recolección de datos se realizó utilizando dos instrumentos: Escala de esquemas de Young (YSQ-SF) y la Escala de Bienestar psicológico Bieps-A. En el estudio se concluyó que los esquemas desadaptativos tempranos presentan una relación significativa (p=0,000) e inversa (r=-0,764) con el bienestar psicológico en pacientes que acuden a consulta externa en una IPRESS, Lima, 2020. Es decir a mayor presencia de esquemas desadaptativos, los pacientes tienden a experimentar menores niveles de bienestar psicológico.

Análisis de la gestión administrativa y la calidad del servicio en la atención de los partos humanizados en un hospital nacional de Lima

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo encontrar la influencia de la gestión administrativa y la calidad del servicio de un hospital público de la ciudad de Lima en los partos humanizados, estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, cuasal y transversal. Se trabajó con una muestra de 90 pacientes de una población de 117 mujeres que se atendieron en dos meses seguidos; muestreo aleatorio. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos validados por expertos y cuya confiabiliad se midió con Alfa de Cronbach. En los resultados se evidenció que existe incidencia de la gestión administrativa y la calidad de servicio en el parto humanizado.

Políticas Públicas, su impacto en la Seguridad Ciudadana

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto que las políticas públicas en la seguridad ciudadana, utilizando como unidad de análisis el distrinto de San Juan de Lurigancho, uno de los más populosos de la ciudad de Lima. Estudio con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas de profundidad a representantes municipales, dirignetes vecinales y miembros de la policía nacional; los resultados del análisis de estas entrevistas permitieron comprender que los entrevistados tienen la percepción que las políticas públicas no se desarrollan de manera eficiente lo que conlleva a problemas como la falta de personal policial lo que afecta directamente al nivel de seguridad ciudadana.