Lighting System Research Articles

Investigation of the ultrasound-mediated toxicity mechanisms of IR780 iodide

IR780 iodide is a lipophilic cation heptamethine dye that has emerged as a potential fluorescent probe for in vivo tumor imaging. Previous work has shown it to be a sono- and photo-sensitizer (sound- and light-activated molecule) suitable for use in sonodynamic therapy (SDT) due to its proposed ability to produce ROS when ‘activated' by ultrasound. This study evaluated IR780 iodide as an SDT agent in vitro using A549s, HeLas, and HeLa S3 cell lines, a broad range of ultrasound and light parameters, multiple ultrasound and light systems, and with and without cavitation nuclei. Through temporal uncoupling of ultrasound application and compound administration in vitro and in vivo, evaluation of cavitation-only related cell death, assessment of the dark toxicity of IR780 iodide, and development of positive controls for cell permeabilization (sonoporation), this study shows that dark toxicity and cavitation play an important role in IR780 SDT-induced cell death. This potentially explains the high levels of cell death observed for comparatively low concentrations of ROS. Additionally, this study proposes a standard set of controls for SDT mechanistic studies, which were used to further help study the mechanisms of other SDT drugs including Rose Bengal, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green.

Self-synchronizing on-off-keying visible light communication system for intra- and inter-vehicle data transmission

Self-synchronizing on-off-keying visible light communication system for intra- and inter-vehicle data transmission

Energy-Aware Design of a GaN-Based Dual-Purpose Converter for Standalone Lighting Systems

Energy-Aware Design of a GaN-Based Dual-Purpose Converter for Standalone Lighting Systems

Implementation of a low-cost intelligent street light system using internet of things

In the contemporary world, science and technology are advancing swiftly to meet the growing human need for electricity. Within this framework, street lighting, serving as the most vital and ubiquitous element of urban lighting infrastructure, contributes significantly to public electricity consumption. Hence, enhancing the operational efficiency of street lamps becomes imperative to conserve energy. Nonetheless, traditional street lighting systems, being manually controlled, consuming excessive power, and entailing high installation expenses, present notable drawbacks and concerns. Leveraging the internet of things (IoT), advanced innovations automate various areas, including health monitoring, traffic management, agricultural irrigation, street lights, and classrooms. The current manual operation of street lights leads to substantial global energy waste. To address this, an integrated hardware and software solution is proposed. Practical implementation of the hardware devices employs a wireless sensor network, while the software focuses on developing an IoT application for data storage, analysis, and visualization. The proposed system enables effective monitoring of parameters such as ambient temperature, current, voltage, and energy consumption of photovoltaic street lights, which are used as an indicator of the lamp status. Using Xbee modules, a configuration by the X-CTU software is necessary to communicate between all street lights wirelessly. These Xbee modules are used as a leading technology for wireless sensor networks due to its low power and low cost. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is energy-efficient and cost-effective, and further can be implemented in real street light systems.

Design of Arduino UNO based smart irrigation system for real time applications

The fundamental principle of the paper is that the soil moisture sensor obtains the moisture content level of the soil sample. The water pump is automatically activated if the moisture content is insufficient, which causes water to flow into the soil. The water pump is immediately turned off when the moisture content is high enough. Smart home, smart city, smart transportation, and smart farming are just a few of the new intelligent ideas that internet of things (IoT) includes. The goal of this method is to increase productivity and decrease manual labour among farmers. In this paper, we present a system for monitoring and regulating water flow that employs a soil moisture sensor to keep track of soil moisture content as well as the land’s water level to keep track of and regulate the amount of water supplied to the plant. The device also includes an automated led lighting system.

High efficiency white emission in Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors for urban ecological lighting

The white-light-emitting devices (WLEDs) for urban ecological lighting remain the challenge. The current urban lighting system destroys the growth habits of plants and leads to inhibition of plant growth, reduced branching, smaller leaf area and reduced total dry weight due to excessive blue light. In this work, a series of blue-green and red dual-emission Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors have been successfully synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, the occupancy of the dopant ions and the luminescence characteristics were carefully investigated. The excitation and emission spectra as well as the decay lifetime confirm the effective energy transfer from Eu2+ to Mn2+, which leads to a tunable luminescence with greatly reduced blue emission. Especially, the optimal Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:0.02Eu2+, 0.11Mn2+ phosphor demonstrates a high internal quantum yield of 99.7%. At 150 °C, the luminescence intensity of Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:0.02Eu2+, 0.11Mn2+ can maintain 64.5% of room temperature intensity. In addition, the WLED device fabricated with Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor shows white light emission with CIE coordinates of (0.3800, 0.3852), rendering index (Ra) of 65.4 and correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3640 K. These results confirm that the Na3Ba2Ca(PO4)3:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor can be applied as a white light source in the urban ecological field.

Illuminating the Future: Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Installation of LED Street Lights in Townships

Municipalities face decisions about maintaining and upgrading their streetlighting. Do they continue to replace bulbs in their existing lighting systems, or move to energy-efficient systems piecemeal or all at once? This research paper argues that the financial and environmental benefits of a complete shift to efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) fixtures make the investment worthwhile. Analysis of data from Tredyffrin Township in southeastern Pennsylvania, that is currently making the switch to LED lighting systems, supports the conclusion that committing to one-time full replacement can maximize energy savings and that the issuance of green bonds, over standard municipal bonds, for financing is both viable and advantageous as it can lead to additional savings and budget surplus. Despite a higher initial investment, the extended lifespan of LED lights, compared with Mercury Vapor (MV) lamps, drastically lowers maintenance and replacement costs, leading to considerable long-term savings. By using green bonds, a financing instrument made available for environmentally beneficial projects, a municipality's financing costs can be kept low and large projects can be undertaken, for the fullest financial and environmental benefit.

Energy Management and Audit of the Lighting and Air Conditioning System at the Teratak Buluh Grand Mosque, Pekanbaru City

Energy management and audits are important steps in improving a building's energy efficiency. Mosques, as centers of religious and social activities, often have significant energy requirements. The research methods used include field observations at the Teratak Buluh Grand Mosque, measuring energy consumption, and recommendations for saving energy use. The research results show that mosques have the potential for significant energy savings with recommendations for energy conservation opportunities that can be implemented by reducing the number of lamps used and the number of air conditioners. Previously, electrical power consumption at the Teratak Buluh Grand Mosque was 74,480.40 kWh/year with electricity costs reaching IDR 68,894,370/year. Meanwhile, electrical power usage after energy conservation opportunities (ECO) is 41,918.40 kWh/year with electricity costs of IDR 38,774,520/year, with an energy consumption intensity (IKE) value at the mosque of 13.49 kWh/m2/ month. Based on Permen No. 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penghematan Energi Listrik, this value is included in the fairly efficient energy consumption category.

Design and Feasibility Study of a Real-Time Controlled Kinetic Facade System for Natural Lighting and Ventilation

Design and Feasibility Study of a Real-Time Controlled Kinetic Facade System for Natural Lighting and Ventilation

A Synergistic Elixir-EDA-MQTT Framework for Advanced Smart Transportation Systems

This paper proposes a novel event-driven architecture for enhancing edge-based vehicular systems within smart transportation. Leveraging the inherent real-time, scalable, and fault-tolerant nature of the Elixir language, we present an innovative architecture tailored for edge computing. This architecture employs MQTT for efficient event transport and utilizes Elixir’s lightweight concurrency model for distributed processing. Robustness and scalability are further ensured through the EMQX broker. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through two smart transportation case studies: a traffic light system for dynamically adjusting signal timing, and a cab dispatch prototype designed for high concurrency and real-time data processing. Evaluations on an Apple M1 chip reveal consistently low latency responses below 5 ms and efficient multicore utilization under load. These findings showcase the system’s robust throughput and multicore programming capabilities, confirming its suitability for real-time, distributed edge computing applications in smart transportation. Therefore, our work suggests that integrating Elixir with an event-driven model represents a promising approach for developing scalable, responsive applications in edge computing. This opens avenues for further exploration and adoption of Elixir in addressing the evolving demands of edge-based smart transportation systems.

Constructing a Z-Scheme Co3O4/BiOBr Heterojunction to Enhance Photocatalytic Peroxydisulfate Oxidation of High-Concentration Rhodamine B: Mechanism, Degradation Pathways, and Toxicological Evaluations.

Photocatalytic coupling technologies have emerged as popular strategies to increase the treatment efficiency of dye-containing wastewater. Herein, the Z-scheme Co3O4/BiOBr heterojunction (Z-CBH) was constructed and developed as a photocatalytic peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for the degradation of high-concentration Rhodamine B (RhB). Multiple testing techniques were employed to confirm the formation of Z-CBHs. When 0.1 g·L-1 of Z-CBH20 and 1.0 mmol·L-1 of PDS were added simultaneously under simulated sunlight irradiation, the RhB degradation efficiency could approach 91.3%. Its reaction rate constant (0.01231 min-1) was much beyond the sum of those in the Z-CBH20/light system (0.00436 min-1) and the PDS/light system (0.0062 min-1). h+, •OH, •O2-, SO4•-, and 1O2 were detected as the dominant reactive species for RhB degradation. The potential mechanism of photocatalytic PDS oxidation was proposed. The possible intermediates were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry assisted with density functional theory and Fukui theory. The possible degradation pathways of RhB degradation were put forward. The toxicological properties of RhB and its intermediates were evaluated by quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction. This work will not only provide a reference for developing photocatalytic persulfate activators but also gain an insight into the degradation pathways of RhB and the toxicity of its intermediates.

Analisa Konsumsi Daya Lampu Halogen dan LED di Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma

This research aims to analyze the power consumption of halogen and LED lamps at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. The airport field lighting system is a safety instrument in aviation at all operating airports. In the field lighting system there are 2 types of lights, namely Halogen and LED. The light replacement system requires personnel consideration to choose a type of lighting that is more efficient on the runway. This research aims to find out how efficient power consumption is. The data collection methods used in this research are literature study, observation method and interview method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it shows that runway lighting shows more efficient results when using LED type lights, this can be seen from the saving efficiency and also the constant light intensity.

Design of a Smart Lighting System Based on Sensor Integration and Automation

As a crucial application of modern technology, smart lighting systems are transforming our interaction with the living environment. The key lies in utilizing advanced sensor technology to maximize lighting efficiency and conserve energy. This paper focuses on designing a sensor-based lighting control system that integrates Passive Infrared and light intensity sensors for the automated management of environmental lighting. Our research has extensively explored the integrated application of PIR and light-intensity sensors. The design aims to automatically adjust indoor lighting based on environmental light conditions and the presence or absence of occupants to enhance comfort and energy efficiency. The sensor fusion algorithm was optimized through a series of experiments to improve detection accuracy and effective energy utilization. Based on the design analysis, the system can significantly enhance energy savings by reducing unnecessary lighting without compromising occupant comfort. The system’s design also considers rooms of varying sizes and layouts, demonstrating good adaptability and versatility. The significance of this research lies in providing innovative solutions for the smart lighting domain. By enhancing the intelligence and responsiveness of lighting systems in home and commercial environments, our design offers a more intuitive and energy-efficient lighting experience. It paves the way for future developments and innovations in lighting systems. This work highlights the immense potential of sensor-based systems in creating interactive and adaptive environments suitable for diverse settings such as homes, corridors, and underground garages.

An Optical Neuromorphic Sensor with High Uniformity and High Linearity for Indoor Visible Light Localization

AbstractThe visible light localization system holds great promise as a highly accurate indoor positioning method. However, it still suffers deficiencies including high latency and power consumption, and large area cost. To address these issues, a high energy efficient spiking localization system inspired by the biological spatial representation system is presented. This system utilizes an optical neuromorphic sensor, consisting of a compact NbOx‐based threshold switching memristor and a photoresistor. The key lies in the system's ability to convert analog light information into electrical spikes, resembling the behavior of sensory neurons, which enables the encoding of light illuminance through spiking frequency. Consequently, the system achieves high uniformity, high linearity (≈10%), and high sensitivity (≈1.1 kHz Lux−1 and ≈72.7 kHz cm−1 for light illuminance and distance detection, respectively), indicating its potential suitability for visible light localizations. By leveraging a spiking neural network classifier, the system successfully distinguishes locations with different illuminances. After 150 epochs, it achieves an accuracy of 97%, showcasing the feasibility of using the spiking localization system in real‐world applications. The approach of spike‐based light positioning is a leap forward toward the development of future compact, highly energy‐efficient visible light localization systems.

Comparing the influence of cation order and composition in simulated Zn(Sn, Ge)N2 on structure, elastic moduli, and polarization for solid state lighting

Alloying and site ordering play complementary roles in dictating a material’s properties. However, deconvolving the impacts of these separate phenomena can be challenging. In this work, we simulate structures of Zn(Sn,Ge)N2 with varied Sn content and site ordering to determine the impacts of order and composition on structural and electronic properties. We assess the formation enthalpy, lattice parameters, elastic constants, spontaneous polarization, and piezoelectric coefficients. In mostly disordered structures (order parameters ranging from 0.2 to 0.4), the formation enthalpy exhibits local extrema as a function of the order parameter, deviating from the more linear trends seen in both fully disordered and fully ordered systems. This anomalous deviation from the otherwise linear trend in formation enthalpy with order manifests in each of the other properties calculated. This range of order parameters of interest may be caused by a transition in the ordering of the quaternary material similar to phase changes seen in ternary compounds but stretched over a region inclduing 20% of the order parameter range. Most parameters calculated are more sensitive to order than to composition in the limited composition range tested; however, the lattice parameter c, piezoelectric coefficient e33, and elastic moduli C12, C13, and C23 are more sensitive to composition. Of the properties compared, the piezoelectric coefficients are influenced most significantly by changes in both the composition and order parameter. Lattice parameters undergo the smallest changes with order and composition, but these small differences appear to impart large trends in the other properties. Better understanding the effects of disorder and group IV alloying in Zn(Sn,Ge)N2 allows for more accurate modeling of characteristics of this material system for solid state lighting and other applications.

Technical feasibility study of the integration of the solar photovoltaic system for a hospital: a case study of Qom City, Iran

The purpose of the study is to investigate the overall effect of photovoltaic (PV) systems located on the roof and window shades on reducing the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of a hospital in Qom, Iran. The use of solar panels on the roof and windows, in addition to producing Electric power and reduction of electricity consumption, causes shadows on the roof and windows. The created shadow can reduce the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems in particular. In addition, the electrical energy obtained from the solar panels can be used for the purpose of using the hospital lighting system. The thermal simulation for a six-story hospital with an area of 5000 thousand square meters in Qom, located in Iran, was modeled by the Energy Plus simulation engine. Given that 80% of the roof can be used for solar panels. The obtained results show that the use of photovoltaic systems on the roof and window shades can save cooling energy consumption by 18% per year and 32% in summer. In addition, the use of solar panels saves 15% of the electric energy consumption of the fan coil and 30% of the chillers.

Analisis Dampak Keberadaan Hewan Ternak Milik Warga Sekitar Bandara Bagi Keselamatan Penerbangan di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok

This research aims to determine the causes, impacts and solutions for the presence of livestock belonging to local residents at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok airport. This topic was raised to examine news and news as well as events that occurred in the field regarding this topic. A number of accurate and factual data were collected through a process using qualitative research methods, including interviews with informants, observations by researchers and documentation during the research. The results of the research explain that the cause of livestock entering the airport area, namely in the perimeter area and the approach light system area, is because there are abundant food sources for livestock so that livestock owners graze their livestock in the airport area, apart from the condition of the existing guardrails. it is no longer feasible because the land contour is unstable and most of the boundary fences with residents' land are missing. This has an impact on concerns about the potential that will disrupt activities and endanger flight safety. Then airport officers and managers collaborated with the government and local officials to carry out mass evictions and provide outreach to owners, including livestock keepers, as a mitigation and solution to this problem

Smart Lighting Systems for Library Cubicles and Book Racks in Academic Libraries: A Review

Smart Lighting Systems for Library Cubicles and Book Racks in Academic Libraries: A Review

Highly Tunable Cellulosic Hydrogels with Dynamic Solar Modulation for Energy-Efficient Windows.

Smart windows that can passively regulate incident solar radiation by dynamically modulating optical transmittance have attracted increasing scientific interest due to their potential economic and environmental savings. However, challenges remain in the global adoption of such systems, given the extreme variability in climatic and economic conditions across different geographical locations. Aiming these issues, a methylcellulose (MC) salt system is synthesized with high tunability for intrinsic optical transmittance (89.3%), which can be applied globally to various locations. Specifically, the MC window exhibits superior heat shielding potential below transition temperatures, becoming opaque at temperatures above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature and reducing the solar heat gain by 55%. This optical tunability is attributable to the particle size change triggered by the temperature-induced reversible coil-to-globular transition. This leads to effective refractive index and scattering modulation, making them prospective solutions for light management systems, an application ahead of intelligent fenestration systems. During the field tests, MC-based windows demonstrated a 9°C temperature decrease compared to double-pane windows on sunny days and a 5°C increase during winters, with simulations predicting an 11% energy savings. The ubiquitous availability of materials, low cost, and ease-of-manufacturing will provide technological equity and foster the ambition toward net-zero buildings.

Detection and performance analysis for MIMO visible light communication system using joint optical spatial and pulse amplitude width modulation

Conventional optical spatial modulation (SM) scheme activates one of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit an intensity-modulated optical signal, in which the index of the activated LED is determined by spatial symbol and the emitted intensity is controlled by temporal symbol. In order to enhance the spectral efficiency (bits per channel use), we propose a joint SM and pulse amplitude width modulation (PAWM) as a novel optical spatial–temporal signaling scheme. In this paper, the proposed SM-PAWM optical signaling scheme is applied in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system. Employing optimal maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm to extract the spatial and temporal symbols is computationally prohibitive; hence, we develop a novel low-complexity detection scheme that converts the joint optimization problem separately to decode the spatial and temporal symbols. Moreover, theoretical results in terms of the successful identification probability of activated LED as well as the overall symbol error rate are derived. Extensive computer simulations are performed to validate the analytical results. It is shown that the proposed detection scheme is a feasible alternative to the ML detector in the VLC-MIMO system employing SM-PAWM.