Light Rail Transit Construction Research Articles

Cellular Automata Based Land-Use Change Simulation Considering Spatio-Temporal Influence Heterogeneity of Light Rail Transit Construction: A Case in Nanjing, China

Light rail transit (LRT), an essential urban public transport system in China, significantly reshaped the urban land-use (LU) pattern. Although the LRT impact and land-use change (LUC) analysis plays an essential role in urban planning policy, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of LRT impacts have not been considered in LUC simulation studies. This study simulates the urban LU change, considering the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of LRT construction impacts on urban LUC. LUC from 1995 to 2005 in Nanjing, China, is chosen as a case study. At first, the distance decay function is employed to verify the quantitative impact of LRT construction on LU change. Accordingly, the variation trends of each LU type during different stages are described in time and space. A cellular automata model incorporated by the generated LRT impact is established and then implemented for simulation. According to model performance assessment results, the proposed model can produce a realistic urban pattern with Freedom of Movement (FoM) exceeding 24% and a significantly lower relative error than the CA simulation without considering LRT influence.

Improving Ballastless Track Quality Using Project Quality Management and SmartPLS

Transportation is still a significant problem in Indonesia. Indonesians prefer to use private vehicles for daily mobility purposes because public transportation lacks safety and comfort and has a longer trip duration. This issue causes congestion and air pollution problems. Hence, sustainable railbased public transportation is recommended. Light Rail Transit (LRT) tends to be congestion-free and has a relatively shorter travel time with a large passenger capacity. Most LRT track constructions use the ballastless track. However, this track construction is still new in Indonesia. The research aimed to determine the most important factors in improving ballastless track construction performance on LRT. The research referred to the existing LRT construction in Indonesia using Lean Construction (LC) and Project Quality Management (PQM) approaches. Statistical science approach with SmartPLS software was also used in data processing and modeling the relationship between variables. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to determine the most important factors in improving the quality of ballastless tracks with variables and indicators extracted from LC and PQM methods. From five tested hypotheses, only one hypothesis is accepted. Quality control has a positive effect on track quality. It is also found that quality control becomes the most important variable in improving ballastless track quality.

Identifying latent demand for transit-oriented development neighbourhoods: Evidence from a mid-sized urban area in Canada

Many studies have provided strong evidence of residents' support for the characteristics of transit-oriented development (TOD) neighbourhoods, but few have explicitly investigated the question of whether these preferences translate into their actual choices. How many households are experiencing a state of residential mismatch between preferred and actual neighbourhoods? What trade-offs have they made in residential location choices? We draw on data from a 2017 residential location choice survey in Kitchener Waterloo (KW), Canada, and employ latent class analysis (LCA) to address these questions. The light-rail transit (LRT) corridor encompassing the area that is 800 m surrounding LRT stops is defined as the TOD area. This study finds empirical evidence of TOD preferences in mid-sized cities and further uncovers latent demand for TOD neighbourhoods during the LRT construction phase. 37% of respondents hold strong TOD preferences but purchased outside TOD areas. These households are primarily young families (aged 25–34) with children and represent a possible missing target in TOD housing supply in our study area. Our findings provide support for building more “missing middle” intensified family housing in TOD areas of mid-sized cities.

QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN SIMULATION MODELING

Uncertainty can be defined as a state of either incomplete or otherwise bounded knowledge. Simulation models, and the engineering systems that they represent, often contain various types of uncertainty. Different approaches and theories can be applied to model these various types of uncertainty with a range of degrees in difficulty and accuracy. The objective of this paper is to explain the various types of uncertainty found in simulation models and to examine where uncertainty can be better represented or potentially reduced. To achieve this objective, a Monte Carlo Simulation model called the As-Planned Model is developed to estimate both cost and schedule using a risk-based approach for a simplified, Light Rail Transit construction project. After the project is complete, the As-Planned model is then compared to the project’s actual results. The resulting conclusions about various types of uncertainty are derived through both output comparison as well as uncertainty analysis.

Prediction of Land Use Change Due to Light Rail Transit (LRT) Development in Palembang

Light rail transit (LRT) is an effective transportation in serving the needs of movement in urban area that can increase commercial land uses. The first construction of LRT in Palembang started in 2015 which became one of the national priority projects in Indonesia. The development had an impact on land use change around the LRT corridor. This paper attempts to identify land use change due to LRT development in Palembang. This study used an explorative approach to develop an understanding of land use change due to the development of LRT and Markov-cellular automata model to predict the change. The results of this study indicated that the prediction of land use change in 2025 around the LRT corridor tends to shift more into commercial land use, this will increase investment from commercial activities in the Palembang LRT Corridor.

Health and Safety Analysis of Light Rail Transit Projects in Palembang

Several sports in the XVIII Asian Games will be held in Palembang city in 2018. To support activities and facilities it is necessary to support such buildings as Light Rail Transit (LRT). The city government of Palembang targets LRT construction to operate in June 2018 with a total length of 23.4 km and a 12 meter LRT road width for two lines. PT. Waskita Karya (Persero) Tbk as the implementation of LRT project development. In an effort to prevent or reduce accidents on the required development an occupational safety and health program (K3). The purpose of this study is to calculate the frequency and impact of OHS risk on the Light Rail Transit (LRT) project in Palembang. This research uses field observation and interview method, and conducting assessment based on risk assessment matrix from AS / NZS 4360: 2004 risk management standard. Matrix risk assessment methods derived from Australian Standards / New Zaeland Standards (AS / NZS) 4360: 2004 and ISO 31000: 2009. From 60 variables that have been tested previously obtained 78 factors in group L (low), 18 factors in the group Medium (M) and as many as 4 factors in group H (high).

Determination of Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratio for Railway Construction Project

Construction industry involves dangerous activities which few are exposed to a high risk of being fatal, injuries and damages to machinery and property. The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) have no exception to those accidents. The accident can bring economic burden to project stakeholders especially contractors and client. However, the accident cost is relatively complicated because of its “hidden” or “invisible” portion. Thus, this paper is aimed to determine the ratio of direct to indirect accident cost for railway construction projects. The study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire distributed to safety practitioners (n=11) at MRT and LRT construction projects. A total of 36 out of 43 reportable accident cases successfully collected for the study and were analysed with simple descriptive statistics. The findings show that the accident cost ratio for fatality is 1:1.22, permanent disability is 1:1.94, and temporary disability is 1:1.19. The overall accident ratio for all accident classifications is 1:1.23. The findings of the current study may impact future safety cost estimation process in determining the hidden accident costs for railway construction projects.

Planning and assessment system for light rail transit construction in Taiwan

The development of public transportation systems is emphasized worldwide. Energy conservation and carbon reduction are necessary and constitute a constraint for the government. Promoting the development of public transportation systems is essential for urban development. A planning and assessment system for light rail transit (LRT) system construction can assist governments in prioritizing cities for LRT system construction. This study confirmed 7 assessment dimensions and 19 assessment indicators and weights for assessing the priority of cities for LRT system construction. Through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, this study applied systematic thinking to decompose complex factors into hierarchical indicators. With the integration of expert opinions, an empirical study was conducted on three selected cities in Taiwan that are currently undergoing planning for LRT system construction. The research results may serve as a crucial reference for the government’s decision regarding the investment in LRT system construction.

Sources of Funds in Light Rail Transit Financing

The construction of Light Rail Transit (LRT) infrastructure requires a large amount of funding, larger than the existing Regional Budget (APBD), and therefore requires a funding scheme with high financial feasibility to cover this financial gap. This research is aimed at identifying and determining suitable sources and their respective proportion for such scheme using secondary data from literature study and records on the capacity of funding sources, and primary data from in-depth interviews, descriptive analysis and analysis on the capacity of each funding source. It is expected that the result of this research can identify feasible sources of funding and their proportion to be applied in the construction of LRT.

MASYARAKAT PALEMBANG DI TENGAH PEMBANGUNAN LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT (LRT) (Analisis Wacana Kritis Kapitalisme, Sosialisme dan Nasionalisme Dalam Etika Islam)

Since the construction of Light Rail Transit (LRT) in the city of Palembang, almost all mass media in this bustling city making it as the main topics. Since the beginning of construction of LRT in early December 2015, one of the major newspapers in South Sumatra, Sumatera Ekspres (Sumatera Ekspres Online) also made the news about LRT construction in Palembang as the discussion that never run out of stories. Construction of social reality world LRT near the commodification of pride as well as complaints and it continued to come and go. The contributions of media in raising, framing, and discoursing, it was no doubt of providing significant input in the minds of readers, viewers, or listeners. From here, the information about the construction of LRT was studied through the analysis of the social construction of reality and it based on the theory of social construction from Berger and Luckmann. From this analysis, it was that through social interaction dialectic of the three forms of reality. It called obtained concepts, ie, objective reality, symbolic reality, and subjective reality. The informations of the construction of LRT in Palembang contributed to the moral duty of the media personnel in implementing ethics communication especially in Islam ethics. The messages are delivered not just a phenomenon, but as an icon of social construction of meaning that had been there in the community. LRT construction is part of a combination of capitalism, socialism and nationalism of this country, this time it starting from the provinces that are in the middle of the island of Sumatra, South Sumatra, especially in urban areas, the city of Palembang.

KAJIAN SIMPANG BERSINYAL PADA PEMBANGUNAN FLY OVER SPIMPANG BANDARA – TANJUNG API-API KOTA PALEMBANG

The development of transportation is now very rapid, especially the existing transportation on land. The development of transportation in Palembang City is also accompanied by problems that are no less complex than the progress. The problems that occur especially in the existing transportation network, the intersection of which is the meeting of two or more roads into a critical point of the occurrence of traffic congestion. Looking at the growth rate of traffic is increasing from year to year in the city of Palembang, so for the future there will be problems of intersection capacity that can no longer accommodate the flow of traffic. Based on the calculation of MKJI 1997 analysis, with the development of Fly Over Sp.Bandara-Tanjung Api-Api and the influence of construction of LRT (Light Rail Transit) of South Sumatra can reduce the level of delays at Simpang Bandara - Tanjung Api-Api, where before the development of value Level of service (LOS) E of 57 dtk / smp after construction of Fly over Sp.Bandara-Tanjung api-api (predicted 2018) increased to a service level / service level (LOS) C value of 18.03 sec / smp and predicted 5 years after development (Prediction year 2023) into value of service level or level of service (LOS) C equal to 18,58 dtk / smp.

Research on Problem of Urban Regeneration and Optimization of Land-use around Light Rail Transit in Nanhai District of Foshan City

Abstract Nanhai district of Foshan city is the key regeneration area to realize the strategy of ‘Guangzhou and Foshan to be the one’. And the project of Light Rail Transit (LRT) system launched recently in Nanhai district will not only improve the levels of Public Transportation System (PTS), but also strengthen the connection of PTS between Guangzhou and Foshan. This paper made use of Geographic Information System (GIS) platform and multiple tools on spatial analysis to conduct a multi-dimensional empirical study for Areas around several stations of Nanhai LRT. By exploring optimization strategy of surrounding land-use from a multi- disciplinary overlapping aspect, the study provides some advices for the future construction of LRT in Foshan city and surrounding land-use optimizing control.

Public transit generates new physical activity: Evidence from individual GPS and accelerometer data before and after light rail construction in a neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Poor health outcomes from insufficient physical activity (PA) are a persistent public health issue. Public transit is often promoted for positive influence on PA. Although there is cross-sectional evidence that transit users have higher PA levels, this may be coincidental or shifted from activities such as recreational walking. We use a quasi-experimental design to test if light rail transit (LRT) generated new PA in a neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants (n=536) wore Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and accelerometers before (2012) and after (2013) LRT construction. We test within-person differences in individuals’ PA time based on changes in transit usage pre- versus post-intervention. We map transit-related PA to detect spatial clustering of PA around the new transit stops. We analyze within-person differences in PA time based on daily transit use and estimate the effect of daily transit use on PA time controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results suggest that transit use directly generates new PA that is not shifted from other PA. This supports the public health benefits from new high quality public transit such as LRT.

Travel behavior changes and responses to advanced traveler information in prolonged and large-scale network disruptions: A case study of west LRT line construction in the city of Calgary

The objective of this study was the investigation of travel behavioral effects of the reduction in traffic capacity resulting from the construction of the West LRT (Light Rail Transit) line in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Travelers’ responses to real-time information providing traffic updates and advisory detours due to lane/road closures were also examined. The West LRT alignment extends approximately 8.2km from downtown into the city’s southwest. Many road closures took place in the vicinity of the LRT line construction zones, inducing significant delays to traffic. Data on travelers’ behavioral responses and responses to real-time information were obtained by conducting a survey on a sample of users of the main road affected by the construction. The survey also investigated the effects of West LRT line construction on drivers’ daily commutes, including increases in travel times, mode choices, alternate route choices, and selection of sources of information on traffic conditions. A significant change in the selection of transportation mode was caused by West LRT construction. Throughout the construction period, there was a decrease in the percentage of respondents who reported private vehicles as their first choice and an increase in the percentage of respondents who preferred public transit as their first and second choices. Radio was found to be the most preferred source for traffic updates and detour advice, followed by variable message signs (VMS). The findings of the en-route information model showed that driving experience, employment status, travel time and purpose, and desire for pre-trip information had significant effects on traveler’s rerouting decisions after getting en-route information through VMS. The results from this study are of interest for understanding behavioral changes for the purposes of traffic management, mitigation schemes and design of advanced traveler information systems in response to network disruptions.

도시 경관향상을 위한 경전철 교각의 시각적 특성

Urban sprawl has been the limits of traffic accommodate and the supply road. Thus, Light Rail Transit(LRT) has been proposed as the best alternative. Owing to landscape damage from construction of LRT, landscape planning should be considered seriously in the urban planning step. This paper therefore seeks to determine landscape improvement direction of LRT pier. First, the methods in this study shared landscape improvement direction type of LRT pier through previous studies such as planting of surface(30%, 60%, 90% planting of surface), graphic(character, commercial advertising, symbol), and surface treatment type(exposed concrete, white painting, pattern dies). Next, respondent evaluated 3D simulated landscape image accordingly shared types by preference and landscape adjectives using in streetscape evaluation. As a result, visual preference was the highest in planting type of surface and the lowest in the surface treatment type. Covering 60%(4.48) in planting type of surface was the highest. Because it is similar to the golden ratio considering the visual principle, we will need to take advantage through the result of this paper. Also, most landscape improvement direction which satisfied with significant level showed a positive effect from landscape improvement. Comprehensively based on these results, it suggests desirable landscape improvement direction of LRT pier in the city for solution of landscape inhibition problem.

Estimating the Effects of Light Rail Transit (LRT) System on the Property Values in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Hedonic House Price Approach

This study investigates the increased value of land in the form of house prices as a result of improved accessibility owing to the construction of Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems. Kelana Jaya Line LRT system is chosen as the case study in this research. Hedonic house price modelling is employed to estimate the effects of the LRT system on the prices of the house that are located within the radius of two kilometres from the Kelana Jaya LRT stations. Selling prices, structural attributes, land use and socio–economic attributes were collected from the database of Department of Valuation and Services of Malaysia, selected maps and reports. Fifty-five factors that are likely to influence a house price were identified and used to estimate the overall effects of the LRT system on it. However, only significant variables were included in the final deliberation and these were identified by using correlation analysis and modified step–wise procedures. The outcome of this study shows a positive relationship between the existence of the LRT system and house prices. In other words, properties that are located within close proximity to the LRT station are valued more than properties that are located further away.

Development of a life cycle cost estimate system for structures of light rail transit infrastructure

In recent years, the need and demand for the construction and utilization of light rail transit have been on the rise in Korea. As light rail transit construction projects have typically been promoted as Build–Transfer–Lease (BTL) projects, the private companies involved need to perform economic feasibility analysis by estimating life cycle cost (LCC) quickly and accurately. The success of a project greatly depends on the accurate analysis of the initial investment cost from the stages of design through construction, operating cost for the stages of operation and maintenance, and profits from operation. While such an LCC analysis requires a variety of experience with construction projects, a significant base of performance data and related expertise, Korean companies have no experience in the field of light rail transit construction, and the operating data is meager. With a lack of experience and data, the parties involved with light rail transit construction projects have come up with diverse costs estimates based on highly inaccurate data. Accordingly, it is urgent that there is a method to support the parties involved with light rail transit projects, particularly the private companies taking responsibility for investment in and operation of the light rail transit. This research aims to estimate the approximate construction cost of light rail transit structures (e.g. bridge, tunnel, etc.) and to develop an economic feasibility analysis system for light rail transit structures taking LCC into account based on the already calculated cost in order to support a reasonable decision-making process in relation with light rail transit construction projects. To estimate construction cost, major factors that have a great influence on the construction cost of the structure were first selected, and then a database for each unit cost was built. Using the system, a user can automatically calculate the construction cost by selecting the structure type and the engineering technique. For the LCC analysis, research of the literature was conducted, and based on the research an LCC analysis procedure and model was determined. In addition, by reviewing the uncertainty factors and the cost classification system appropriate for the construction of a light rail transit structure, the LCC analysis algorithm was written. Using the algorithm, LCC analysis of a bridge for a light rail transit was conducted to verify the feasibility of the algorithm that can provide information used for major decision-making, based on which private companies can determine whether or not to participate in a light rail transit construction project. This research has its own significance, both as a system to estimate construction cost for a light rail transit project based on diverse information, and as a system to analyze economic feasibility for LCC prediction.

Replacing Parking with Transit: Evaluation of Bus Service to Offset Parking Loss During Construction of Light Rail Extension at San Diego State University

The San Diego State University (SDSU) bus service analysis study was undertaken to address two related issues—mitigation of the parking impacts of Mission Valley East (MVE) light rail transit (LRT) line construction at SDSU and the potential for “trolley emulation” service in advance of the opening of the extension. The study was undertaken to develop cost-effective bus service options to meet immediate mitigation needs and encourage travel patterns and ridership in the MVE corridor. The Metropolitan Transit Development Board estimates that 940 spaces in five campus lots will be affected by MVE construction. The recommended option is a shuttle service designed to serve the “high ridership” estimate during the peak demand hours from 8:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. from lots at Qualcomm Stadium to the west and Grossmont Transit Center to the east of SDSU. The availability of parking on the SDSU campus in the evening, combined with the likelihood of early morning commuters continuing to drive and park on campus in the absence of parking issues before 9:00 a.m., argues against extended hours of operation. The recommended option provides sufficient service to accommodate the estimated daily riders who would lose their parking spaces because of construction, and it could accommodate additional ridership without increased costs, especially outside of the 8:00 to 9:00 peak morning hour. In addition to the value of the study findings, the process developed to address parking mitigation needs at SDSU because of LRT construction can be applied to other service planning efforts in which demand is uncertain and no similar services exist to guide an analysis.