Visible Light Range Research Articles

Adsorption of Metal Atoms on SiC Monolayer

The electronic, magnetic, and optical behaviors of metals (M = Ag, Al, Au, Bi, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mn, Na, Ni) adsorbed on the SiC monolayer have been calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). The binding energy results show that all the M-adsorbed SiC systems are stable. All the M-adsorbed SiC systems are magnetic with magnetic moments of 1.00 μB (Ag), 1.00 μB (Al), 1.00 μB (Au), 1.01 μB (Bi), 1.95 μB (Ca), 1.00 μB (Co), 4.26 μB (Cr), 1.00 μB (Cu), 2.00 μB (Fe), 1.00 μB (Ga), 0.99 μB (K), 1.00 μB (Li), 3.00 μB (Mn), and 1.00 μB (Na), respectively, except for the Ni-adsorbed SiC system. The Ag, Al, Au, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, and Na-adsorbed SiC systems become magnetic semiconductors, while Bi, Ca, Co, K, and Li-adsorbed SiC systems become semimetals. The Bader charge results show that there is a charge transfer between the metal atom and the SiC monolayer. The work function of the K-adsorbed SiC system is 2.43 eV, which is 47.9% lower than that of pristine SiC and can be used in electron-emitter devices. The Bi, Ca, Ga, and Mn-adsorbed SiC systems show new absorption peaks in the visible light range. These results indicate that M-adsorbed SiC systems have potential applications in the field of spintronic devices and solar energy conversion photovoltaic devices.

High-performance 2D WS2 photodetector enhanced by charge-transfer doping through NH3 annealing

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are potential candidates towards the next-generation photodetector, owing to their tunable energy bandgap and strong light–matter interaction. However, the low charge-carrier mobility and insufficient quantum efficiency of TMDs-based devices restrain their optoelectronic performances. Therefore, an effective and facile doping method needs to be developed for overcoming their poor optoelectronics properties. Here, we demonstrate a controllable nondegenerate n-doping technique for 2D TMDs materials by annealing under NH3 flow. The on/off current ratio and field-effect mobility of the device after annealing treatment increases about 2 orders of magnitude and 23 times, respectively. We attribute this remarkable doping effect to the physical adsorption and chemical adsorption of NH3 as well as the associated formation of isolated sulfur vacancies, which is dynamically activated during the annealing treatment, and further verified by the atomic-scale characterization and density functional theory calculations. The annealing temperature and time present a controllable modulation on the electron doping levels of the WS2 channel. The fabricated WS2 photodetector can operate in a broad range of visible light at room temperature. At 532 nm wavelength, the responsivity of 2.97 A/W, external quantum efficiency of 699% and specific detectivity of over 1010 Jones indicate its great potential in sensitive and power-efficient photodetectors. Our results provide an effective method to realize controllable n-doping of 2D materials, aiming for fabricating high-performance 2D photodetectors.

In-situ synthesis of Bi2WO6/AgBr/Ag4V2O7 with double Z-scheme heterojunction for oxytetracycline degradation and weakening toxicity

Herein, a novel Bi2WO6/AgBr/Ag4V2O7 double Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic material was synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted coprecipitation method. When the content of AgBr in Bi2WO6/AgBr/Ag4V2O7 is 30 wt% and the content of Ag4V2O7 is 1 wt%, under the optimized reaction conditions, the degradation rate of Bi2WO6/AgBr/Ag4V2O7 to oxytetracycline (OTC) reached 88.13 % within 60 min, and the photocatalytic activity decreased only slightly after repeated use for three times, other than that, the toxicity of OTC to wheat decreased significantly after degradation. The morphology, composition, crystal structure and visible light absorption capacity of the samples are investigated by a series of characterization techniques. Furthermore, free radical capture experiment, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiment and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to explore the possible photocatalytic mechanism and degradation path of OTC. The results show that the improvement of photocatalytic activity is attributed to the construction of a double Z-scheme heterojunction, which provides a more effective structural space for the separation of photogenerated e--h+ pairs. This study provides a new idea for the separation of photogenerated e--h+ pairs and broadens the response range of visible light, and proposes a new strategy for the environmental treatment of photocatalysts.

Modulation of Hot Electrons via Interface Engineering of Au@ZnIn2S4/MXene for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Seawater Splitting under Visible Light

Interface engineering in hybrid plasmonic metal/semiconductor heterostructures is an efficient approach to enhance the catalytic performance of photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells in harvesting and converting sunlight, especially in the range of visible light. Plasmon-induced hot electron injection plays a crucial role in the transfer of plasmonic energy from a plasmonic metal to semiconductor in a plasmonic metal/semiconductor system. Herein, the efficient injection and utilization of hot electrons are achieved by fabrication of a Au@ZnIn2S4/Ti3C2 (Au@ZIS/Ti3C2) system, in which the core–shell Au@ZIS nanoparticles with well-defined interfaces are anchored on the 2D Ti3C2 surface. The core–shell Au@ZIS nanostructure is first constructed by a cation exchange reaction method. The well-defined interface of the Au core and ZIS shell optimizes the electron transfer pathway and greatly promotes the extraction of hot electrons from Au to ZIS. Furthermore, the electrons concentrated on ZIS can be further transferred to Ti3C2 owing to its excellent electron mobility and conductivity, leading to highly efficient separation and transfer of electrons through a two-step transfer process. The activities of photoelectrochemical (PEC) seawater splitting demonstrate that the integration of Au and ZIS into an optimized core–shell structure and its further modification by Ti3C2 results in a drastic improvement in PEC activity. Therefore, Au@ZIS/Ti3C2 shows the highest photocurrent density and smallest charge transfer resistance among various samples, accompanied by 6.5 and 10.8 orders of enhancement in PEC H2 evolution compared to reference samples of ZIS/Ti3C2 and Au/Ti3C2. Elaborate design and construction of core–shell plasmonic metal@semiconductor nanostructure with a well-defined interface and 2D MXene support would provide a feasible and promising method to enhance the performance of PEC seawater splitting.

Hydrothermal synthesis and piezoelectricity of p-SnO nanoparticle/n-ZnSnO3 nanorod array heterojunction films

We investigated the hydrothermal fabrication of n-ZnSnO3 nanorod array films decorated with various ratios of p-SnO nanoparticles on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates and their synergistic piezoelectricity-induced applications. We used Mott–Schottky measurements and an energy band diagram to determine the materials’ conductivity type. The associated current–voltage characteristics and charge transport behavior were elucidated by investigating Schottky barriers, Schottky emissions, tunneling, depletion regions, and piezopotential-induced energy band bending. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33) of the ZnSnO3 nanorod array and the Composite II film were measured to be approximately 15.4 and 17.3 p.m.·V−1, respectively. Theoretical simulation of piezopotential distributions revealed that compressive deformation was predominant for samples under stress. The Composite II film exhibited reliable piezophotodegradation activity for rhodamine B (RhB) solutions, with a degradation rate constant of approximately 1.2 × 10−2 min−1 under visible-light irradiation, approximately 2.5 times that of the individual ZnSnO3 film, partially due to intimate contact between the two constitutive components, high electrochemical surface areas, and facilitated charge carrier transport resulting from piezopotential-induced energy band bending. This study revealed the positive effect of piezoelectricity on photodegradation and established a paradigm to allow wide-bandgap materials to function in the visible-light range through a p–n junction.

Highly sensitive photodetector based on laser-generated graphene with 3D heterogeneous multiscale porous structures

Graphene holds great promise in optoelectronics because of its high broadband light absorption across a wide range of wavelengths. Despite low optical absorption, various techniques have been devised to address this challenge. This study presents a new highly sensitive, photodetector based on three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene derived from fluorinated polyimide (fPI-3DPG). This material is produced via a laser photothermal process and features micro- and nanopore structures that increase the light absorbing area and support optically resonant structures. The resulting fPI-3DPG photodetectors display high photoresponsivity of 4.4 mA W−1 in the visible light range, an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio of ∼208, and a noise equivalent power of 0.54 × 10−11 W Hz−1/2. These photodetectors are also mechanically durable, surviving 10,000 cycles of bending and twisting. The laser photothermal method used in this study enables fast, cost effective production of wearable and flexible optical sensors for imaging and spectroscopy applications, making this 3D graphene a promising functional material for sensing technologies.

Perovskite quantum dots modulating upconversion nanomaterials for cancer early detections

The accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer cell lesions need a high standard of detection technology. Fluorescent probes to perform cancer biomarker detection have become a popular research issue. However, fluorescent probes still face enormous challenges of complex design and difficult detection. In this work, we propose a novel composite material UCNP@SiO2 + QDs based on the combination of rare earth upconversion (UCNPs) and perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and design a new fluorescent probe MB-UCNP@SiO2 + QDs with molecular beacon (MB) as the carrier, that can be excited by near-infrared light, emitted in the visible wavelength, specifically identified and highly sensitive. Under the excitation of 980 nm near-infrared light, the UCNPs and QDs in the composite produced the maximum efficiency of energy transfer through fluorescence resonance, and the multi-emission light of UCNPs synergistically excited the re-emission of QDs, and the energy transfer efficiency is 70.6%. By changing the doping ratio of QDs halogen elements in UCNP@SiO2 + QDs, it is possible to modulate the precise luminescence of UCNP@SiO2 + QDs in the entire wavelength range of visible light at different positions. The novel fluorescent probe is obtained using UCNP@SiO2 + QDs and Black Hole Quencher-1 (BHQ1) quenching groups linked to the two respective sides of MB, selecting as the target of detection the myeloma cancer biomarker miRNA-155, a difficult diagnostic and complex developmental type, and have achieved specific recognition and low concentration of miRNA-155 and a detection limit of 73.5 pM. This fluorescent probe design can provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases.Graphical

In situ construction of rich oxygen vacancy Bi/Bi3TaO7 heterojunction photocatalysts

Oxygen vacancy-rich Bi/Bi3TaO7 binary nanomaterials were obtained by a simple in situ reduction. The as-prepared composite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB compared to the single material under the visible light range. The degradation rate of the optimal sample reached 92% within 120 min, 12.25 times that of the pure Bi3TaO7. XRD and HRTEM characterization showed that the Bi metal obtained through in situ reduction was loaded on the Bi3TaO7 nanostructure. In addition, XPS and EPR indicated a significant increase in the oxygen vacancy content of the composites. The time-resolved transient fluorescence spectroscopy and photocurrent results proved that the separation rate of photoexcited carriers and the corresponding ability of photoelectrons are greatly increased. It is due to the synergistic effect of the unique photo-reaction excitation pathway induced by bismuth metal plasma resonance and oxygen vacancies, which not only extends the photo-reaction to the infrared region but also increases the carrier residence time, and this is the fundamental reason for the excellent photocatalytic performance of the composite material. The h+ is the main reactive radical of the reaction, and •O2− also plays a role. Based on the above characterization study, we propose a possible photoreaction mechanism for the synergistic oxygen vacancy and Bi metal of Bi/Bi3TaO7.

Structural characteristics of thermally advanced polymer with intrinsic microporosity for application as flexible OLED substrate

The chemical and structural characteristics of solution-processed polymer with intrinsic microporosity (PIM) based on 9, 9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (BHPF) film is investigated. A fully flexible and transparent PIM film exhibiting uniform and high transmittance of more than 90% within the visible light range is demonstrated. The stability of the PIM film is further demonstrated with relatively stable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) characteristics. Additionally, the film has high heat resistance that can withstand high-temperature processes at 250 °C. The PIM film exhibits a remarkably high glass transition temperature ( of 294.7 °C, indicating the thermal stability of the film at elevated temperatures. The PIM film also exhibits relatively high surface energy, low surface roughness (), and peak-to-valley values of 0.45 and 4.4 nm, respectively. This surface morphology confirms the PIM film’s superior characteristic in preventing short circuits or leakage in current paths in an organic electronic device. Finally, the PIM film is successfully tested as a substrate for a bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The investigation has proven PIM film to be a good candidate to be adopted as a substrate in fabricating advanced organic electronic devices and next-generation displays.

A flexible PDMS@ZrO2 film for highly efficient passive radiative cooling

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology can make objects cooling down without energy consumption by radiating out heat through the atmospheric transparent window (ATW, 8–13 μm) and simultaneously reflect incident sunlight to avoid heated. In this work, a flexible radiative cooling film (FRCF) was fabricated by embedding zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) particles into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It exhibited a high emissivity over 0.95 in ATW and a high reflectance beyond 0.92 in range of visible light. It achieved better cooling performances and yields an average temperature drop of 16.1℃ compared to the air around the film under the solar intensity of 735 W/m2. Because of its good cooling performance, great flexibility and acid resistance, this FRCF will have a wide application of radiative cooling in buildings and equipment.

Graphite oxide as an electronic conductor modified ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) hybrid material used as a photocatalyst for removal of organic dyes under visible light irradiation.

It is a great challenge to develop photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in the aqueous environment, especially those with excellent catalytic performance under visible light conditions. In this work, using graphene oxide (GO) as an electron shuttle agent and carrier, a hybrid of ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and GO (ZIF-8/NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/GO) was prepared by a simple two-step solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and combination of the synthesized catalysts were studied. The results showed that graphene oxide and ZIF-8 formed an in situ load on NH2-MIL-125(Ti). The construction of hybrid materials significantly improved the catalytic activity of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) in the visible light range. The degradation activity of the synthesized catalyst was further tested with reactive red dye. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic removal efficiency for active red, with a degradation rate of 99.8% within 2 h. The prepared hybrid materials have good application prospects in the field of organic pollutant treatment in water.

Widely tunable continuous-wave visible and mid-infrared light generation based on a dual-wavelength switchable and tunable random Raman fiber laser

Nonlinear frequency conversion of wavelength agile and high-power random fiber lasers can provide a promising way to generate continuous-wave (CW) visible and mid-infrared (MIR) light with unique properties such as the continuous modeless spectrum, low temporal/spatial coherence, and high temporal stability. Here, we report a dual-wavelength switchable and tunable random Raman fiber laser (RRFL) based on a phosphosilicate fiber that has two Raman gain peaks for the first time and demonstrate its superior capability to generate widely tunable CW visible and mid-infrared light via nonlinear frequency conversions. By using the combination of a tunable pump and two tunable gratings in Littrow configuration that can provide separated point feedback for the two Stokes wavelengths corresponding to silica- and phosphorus-related Raman peaks, the spectrum of an RRFL can be flexibly manipulated for the aim of nonlinear frequency conversions, including single-wavelength tunable emission at the 1.1 μm or 1.2 μm band for second-harmonic generation (SHG), dual-wavelength simultaneously tunable emission at the 1.1 μm and 1.2 μm bands for the sum-frequency generation (SFG), and dual-wavelength separation tunable emission for difference-frequency generation (DFG). As a result, with the combination of SHG and SFG in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal array, we experimentally demonstrate the broadest tuning range (560–630 nm) of visible light generated from an RRFL, to the best of our knowledge. The tunable MIR light in the range of 10.7–12.3 μm is also demonstrated through DFG of an RRFL operating in separation tunable dual-wavelength emission mode in a BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) crystal, which is the first realization of >10 μm CW DFG in the BGSe crystal. We believe the developed dual-wavelength switchable and tunable RRFL can provide a new compact, robust, and cost-effective platform to realize broadly tunable light in both the visible and MIR regions, which can also find potential applications in imaging, sensing, and temporal ghost imaging in various spectral bands.

Preparation of multilayer strontium-doped TiO2/CDs with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for enrofloxacin removal.

Multilayer strontium-doped TiO2/carbon dots (CDs) materials (TC) were produced via sol-gel-layered carbonization method. A thorough analysis of the fabricated composites via XRD, SEM, and XPS revealed that strontium ions, TiO2 and CDs, were combined with each other to form layered structures. According to the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrograms and (αhv)1/2 vs. hv plots, the electron-donor property of strontium ions caused a more positive TC conduction band position than that in the pure TiO2, thereby increasing the visible-light absorption range of TC. Based on the photocatalytic degradation data, the degradation rate of enrofloxacin was 84.7% at the dosage of 0.05 g·L-1 and the concentration of 10 mg·L-1. The capture experiments and ESR results showed that ·O2- and e- played a major role in the degradation process of TC. The possible degradation mechanism of enrofloxacin was explained in terms of decarboxylation and defluorination, as was detected via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis.

Sonochemical synthesis of Ce-TiO2 nanocatalyst and subsequent application for treatment of real textile industry effluent

Treatment of real textile industry effluent using photocatalysis, sonocatalysis, sonophotocatalysis and H2O2 assisted sonophotocatalysis have been studied based on the use of Ce-TiO2 nanocatalyst synthesized using sonochemical co-precipitation method. Characterization studies of the obtained catalyst revealed crystallite size as 1.44 nm with particles having spherical morphology. A shift of the absorption edge to the visible light range was also observed in UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS) analysis. The effects of different operational parameters viz catalyst dose (0.5 g/L-2 g/L), temperature (30 °C-55 °C) and pH (3–12) on the COD reduction were studied. The reduction in the COD was higher at lower pH and the optimum temperature established was 45 °C. It was also elucidated that the required catalyst dose was lesser in combined sonophotocatalysis when compared with individual photocatalysis and sonocatalysis. Combination of processes and addition of oxidants increased the COD reduction with the sonophotocatalytic oxidation combined with H2O2 treatment showing the best results for COD reduction (84.75%). The highest reduction in COD for photocatalysis was only 45.09% and for sonocatalysis, it was marginally higher at 58.62%. The highest reduction in COD achieved by sonophotocatalysis was 64.41%. Toxicity tests coupled with Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that there were no additional toxic intermediates added to the system during the treatment. Kinetic study allowed establishing that generalized kinetic model fits the experimental results well. Overall, the combined advanced oxidation processes showed better results than the individual processes with higher COD reduction and lower requirement of the catalyst.

Coupling ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets with MoS2 Hollow Nanospheres as Visible-Light-Active Bifunctional Photocatalysts for Enhancing H2 Evolution and RhB Degradation.

In this study, Mo-glycerate was used as a precursor to create MoS2 hollow nanospheres (HNS), which were then used for the first time to modify ZnIn2S4 nanosheets to create MoS2 HNS/ZnIn2S4 photocatalysts. The findings demonstrate that MoS2 HNS/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions exhibited remarkably boosted photocatalytic properties and excellent reusability for both RhB degradation and H2 evolution without the use of Pt as a co-catalyst. Among the heterojunctions, the RhB degradation and H2 evolution efficiencies of the optimized MoS2 HNS/ZnIn2S4-3 wt % composite were almost 5 and 34 times higher than those of ZnIn2S4, respectively. The excellent performance of MoS2 HNS/ZnIn2S4-3 wt % might be attributed to the expansion of the visible-light response range and the accelerated separation efficiency of photo-induced carriers, according to the findings of the optical property tests. Based on the established band gap position and characterization results, a potential mechanism for appealing photocatalytic activity over MoS2 HNS/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions was also postulated.

Application of Spectrometry for Determining the Solar Radiation of Deciduous Trees’ Shade: A Passive Energy Conservation Approach for Mediterranean Climates

Deciduous trees are well known for controlling solar gains in buildings, contributing to energy savings in a sector that consumes 35% of global energy. However, there is still a lack of information about the real thermal impact that deciduous trees have. This work proposes a new method that is cheap and easy to implement to quantify the shading efficiency of different types of deciduous trees in hot seasons. The results can be applied in energy evaluations of buildings. The trees selected belong to the central valley of Chile, which is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. The trees selected can also be found in other parts of the world. A spectrometer is used for measuring the amount of solar radiation (irradiance) that is present in the shadow of trees, measuring wavelengths between 339 nm and 750 nm (mostly within the visible light range). The full referential irradiance spectrum of the site is obtained by calibrating the standard ASTM G-173-03. At the site, the spectrometer is used to obtain the visible light range, while the infrared radiation (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation ranges are obtained from the literature. Our results indicate that the analyzed deciduous trees reduce an average of 82% of the solar radiation. This information will help project designers during the building energy efficiency design phase by representative modeling of the solar radiation gains allowed by deciduous trees.

Effects of Tb-Doped BiVO4 on Degradation of Methylene Blue

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a narrow-bandgap semiconductor (~2.41 Ev) that responds to visible light. The efficiency of degradation of organic dyes is indexed by methylene blue (MB). After 150 min, the efficiency of MB degradation by pure BiVO4 was about 20%. Its adsorption performance and electron–hole pair migration ability are weak, and the photocatalytic activity of pure BiVO4 needs to be improved. BiVO4 doped with rare earth ions can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. This study investigates changes in the structure and morphology of BiVO4 doped with different atomic percentages of terbium (Tb). BiVO4 powders were prepared by the hydrothermal method with different atomic percentages of Tb (at% = 0, 1, 3, and 5). Doping Tb benefits the coexistence of monoclinic/tetragonal heterostructures, which changes the band gap and improves degradation efficiency. After 150 min of visible light irradiation, the photocatalyst doped with 3 atomic percent of Tb exhibited 98.2% degradation of methylene blue. The degradation percentage of MB remained stable in the presence of 3at%Tb-doped BiVO4 composite. The optimal parameters for the amount of photocatalyst added were studied. Real-field simulations of metal ions and inorganic salts both retain high levels of degradation efficiency.

Synergistic effect of n-π* electronic transitions in porous ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

The visible light absorption capacity and active sites of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) are crucial roles for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production. However, the fabrication of ultrathin GCN nanosheets with enhanced light absorption via n-π* electronic transitions remain challenging. Here, we report on the successful preparation of porous ultrathin GCN nanosheets with activating n-π* electronic transitions simultaneously by microwave heating the mixture of urea and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) compression strategy. Such the unique structure of GCN is composed of a curved porous thin layer and has numerous wrinkles that not only largely expand visible light absorption range to ∼ 650 nm but also significantly enhance the unmber of active sites and the mobility of photoexcited charges. The highest photocatalytic H2 production rate reached 99.1 μmol h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), which is 8.8 folds higher than that of pristine GCN (11.2 μmol h−1). This work presents a promising and effective strategy for the engineering of GCN, which fully utilizes n-π* electronic transitions to largely expand the visible light absorption while enhancing the active sites.

Scalable fabrication of super-elastic TPU membrane with hierarchical pores for subambient daytime radiative cooling

Passive radiative cooling materials (PRCMs) has arose widespread concern with the advantage of cooling a surface by radiating heat to the cold outer space and reflecting sunlight. However, the cooling effect sharply deteriorated in the stretching state. Besides, widespread reflectivity within visible light (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) range remained a huge challenge for the structure design. Herein, we proposed a porous thermoplastic urethanes (TPU) membrane with a high thermal emissivity of 95% and a sunlight reflectivity of 93%. Abundant hierarchical pores with submicro and micro sizes generate when the solvent of the TPU sol is exchanged by water, which tremendously strengthens the sunlight-reflecting behavior of the porous TPU membrane, especially in the NIR region. By covering the porous TPU membrane on the top, the temperature of the substrate, model house, and hood of the car cool up to 8.8, 16.3, and 18.0 °C, respectively, compared to the bare state. Moreover, the porous TPU membrane shows outstanding elastic cooling properties that the damage of IR emissivity and sunlight reflectivity was minimal even in a tensile strain of 450%.

Cyclometalated Benzimidazole Osmium(II) Complexes with Antiproliferative Activity in Cancer Cells Disrupt Calcium Homeostasis.

We present the synthesis and characterization of six new heteroleptic osmium(II) complexes of the type [Os(C^N)(N^N)2]OTf (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine and dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline; C^N = deprotonated methyl 1-butyl-2aryl-benzimidazolecarboxylate) with varying substituents in the R3 position of the phenyl ring of the cyclometalating C^N ligand. The new compounds are highly kinetically inert and absorb a full-wavelength range of visible light. An investigation of the antiproliferative activity of the new compounds has been performed using a panel of human cancer and noncancerous 2D cell monolayer cultures under dark conditions and green light irradiation. The results demonstrate that the new Os(II) complexes are markedly more potent than conventional cisplatin. The promising antiproliferative activity of selected Os(II) complexes was also confirmed using 3D multicellular tumor spheroids, which have the characteristics of solid tumors and can mimic the tumor tissue microenvironment. The mechanism of antiproliferative action of complexes has also been investigated and revealed that the investigated Os(II) complexes activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in cancer cells and disrupt calcium homeostasis.