Ligament Sprains Research Articles

The Epidemiology of Deltoid Ligament Sprains in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015 Academic Years

Deltoid ligament sprains among collegiate student-athletes have not been extensively investigated. Research regarding the mechanisms, participation-restriction time, and recurrence of deltoid ligament sprains in collegiate student-athletes is lacking. To describe the epidemiology of deltoid ligament sprains in 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association championship sports. Descriptive epidemiology study. National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program. We analyzed deltoid ligament sprains recorded in the Injury Surveillance Program for the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years. Deltoid ligament sprain injury rates, rate ratios, and injury proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. During the study period, 380 deltoid ligament sprains were reported, resulting in a combined injury rate of 0.79/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 0.87). Most deltoid ligament sprains occurred in practices (54.2%, n = 206). However, the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (rate ratio = 3.74; 95% CI = 3.06, 4.57). The highest deltoid ligament sprain rates were in women's gymnastics (2.30/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.05, 3.55), men's soccer (1.73/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.32), women's soccer (1.61/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.13, 2.09), and men's football (1.40/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.62). Nearly half of all deltoid ligament sprains (49.7%, n = 189) were due to player contact, and 39.5% (n = 150) were non-time-loss injuries (ie, participation restricted for less than 24 hours). Only 8.2% (n = 31) of deltoid ligament sprains were recurrent. The highest deltoid ligament sprain rates were in women's gymnastics, men's and women's soccer, and men's football. However, the rate for women's gymnastics was imprecise (ie, the CI was wide), highlighting the need for further surveillance of deltoid ligament sprains in the sport. Most deltoid ligament sprains were due to player contact. Future researchers should assess interventions that may prevent deltoid ligament sprains.

ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INJURY TYPES IN THE KOREA LADIES PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS, 2015 SEASON

BackgroundThere are limited numbers of prospective epidemiological study regarding injuries of women professional golfers in Korea.ObjectiveTo analyse types of injury of women golf player in different tour levels (ie, Division...

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRAINING INJURIES IN ELITE INDIAN JUDOKAS – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

BackgroundJudo has a relatively high injury risk and hence research on training injuries in judokas can identify the risk factors and help to develop specific prevention programs. Few studies have...

US RUGBY-7S: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE WITH A GROWING AMATEUR COLLISION SPORT

BackgroundThere are limited data on Rugby-7s, an emerging sport in the United States (US), which debuted in the 2016 Olympics.ObjectiveTo report incidence and causes for US Rugby-7s. We hypothesized that...

Injury Incidence and Severity at the 5 th World Para-taekwondo Championships

[PURPOSE] The purpose was to present incidence of injuries for injuries at an international competition [METHODS] The study was designed as a prospective observational epidemiological study, set at the 6th World Para-taekwondo Championships, with 92 males (28.8 +5.7years, 178.3+4.7cm, 73.0+9.6kg) and 21 females (28.6+6.6years, 163.3+4.1cm, 52.6+2.6kg) participating. During the championships musculoskeletal injury data were collected and analyzed. The main outcome measures were the injury incidence rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI). [RESULTS] The overall injury incidence was 49.8 per 1000 athlete exposures (A-E) (95% CI: 16.7 to 80.0) and 24.6 per 1000 minute exposures (M-E) (95% CI: 8.5 to 40.6). Contusions were the predominant injury type (21.5, 95 % CI = 0.43 to 42.6: 10.9 injuries per 1000 M-E, 95 % CI = 0.22 to 21.6). The total concussion incidence was 21.5 per 1000 A-E (95% CI: -5.1 to 15.9) and 10.64 per 1000 M-E (95% CI: -2.6 to 8.1). Males had an incidence of severe injury of 22.0 per 1000 (5.8 to 38.7) M-E and females had an incidence moderate injury of 3.2 per 1000 (-3.0 to 9.4) M-E. [CONCLUSION] Contrary to previous taekwondo injury studies, ligament sprains were more common than contusions and therefore, extra attention may be warranted to prevent non-contact injuries.

Common injuries among javelin throwers: a 10-year overview (2007-2016)

The sport of javelin throwing is a popular track and field competition enjoyed by many spectators and athletes and performed at both national and international levels. It has gained popularity in the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federation) recognised competitions including the Olympic Games. Like athletes in all sports, javelin throwers are prone to injuries. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the common javelin throwing injuries recorded internationally during 2007 to 2016. A systematic review of literature following the PRIMSA guidelines from 2007 to 2016 was used. Records were appraised according to the modified Downs and Black Appraisal Scale. The literature review identified 1710 English records. After the application of the exclusion criteria, 12 papers were included in the study. Javelin throwers experience a high prevalence of shoulder, elbow, lower back and knee injuries. The most common type of injury was the medial ulnar collateral ligament sprain, commonly known as javelin thrower’s elbow. The primary cause of injuries was poor throwing biomechanics that led to compensatory movement patterns, resulting in synergistic muscle dominance. The need for prospective studies is recommended.Keywords: Javelin throw, injuries, biomechanics.

TRAUMATISM IN TRAINING PROCESS OF STUDENTS - VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Purpose: to analyze traumas in training process of students-volleyball players. Material: 42 students participated in the research. Students’ medical records were analyzed in the research. Results: with every year of study in university the quantity of traumas decreased. In 1st year students we found 10 traumas, in 4th year - 5. Ligament sprains are the most frequent kinds of traumas. In total we found 33.3%. Their main part covers ankle joint traumas. The reasons of them are bursts, stops, changes of movements’ direction. Rather frequents (30%) are maims of knee and elbow joints, caused by falling down. The degree of joints’ injury is, as usually, negligible. The highest quantity of moderate and heavy traumas was among 1st year students (9 from 10) and 2nd year students (8 from 8). Conclusions: prophylaxis complex for prevention of volleyball traumas has been offered. Volleyball traumas’ prevention implies improvement methodic and technique of students-volleyball players’ training. The main reasons of traumatism are the following: non observation of sports training principles; poor organizational and logistical support of training process.

NON-CONTACT INJURY INCIDENCE AND WARM UP OBSERVATION IN HOCKEY IN SCOTLAND

Noncontact injuries occur during manoeuvres such as landing, accelerating and the side-cut. This investigation has assessed the prevalence and manoeuvres associated with noncontact injuries and the current warm up practice....

Injury Profile of American Women's Rugby-7s.

The objective of this study is to determine incidence (injuries/1000 playing hours (ph)), severity (days of absence), and cause of match injuries in US women's Rugby-7s. We performed a prospective epidemiological study (2010-2013) of injury of 3876 under-19 to elite/national female Rugby-7s players (nonelite = 3324, elite = 552) on 323 teams (nonelite = 277, elite = 46), applying methodology and injury definitions compliant with the international consensus statement on rugby research. Injuries occurred in USA Rugby-sanctioned tournament series: USA Rugby Local Area (2010), Territorial Union (2011-2013), National and All-Star Sevens Series, and USA Sevens Invitational (2011-2012) and Collegiate Rugby Championships (2012). One hundred and twenty time-loss injuries were encountered (elite, n = 15; 13%) with an injury rate of 46.3 injuries/1000 ph. Injury rates in nonelite were 49.3/1000 ph, and in national level (elite) candidates, 32.6/1000 ph (RR = 1.5, P = 0.130). Mean days missed found elite level players at 74.9 d per injury, whereas nonelite at 41.8 d (P = 0.090). Acute injuries were significant (95%, RR = 1.9, P < 0.001), resulting in immediate removal from the pitch (56%, P < 0.001). The main mechanism of injury occurred when tackling players (73%, P < 0.001). The most common type of injury seen were ligament sprains (37%, 13.9/1000 ph), involving the lower extremity (45%, 20.5/1000 ph). The most common body parts injured were the knee and head/face (16%, 7.3/1000 ph). Time-loss injuries occurred with frequency in the US women's Rugby-7s tournaments. Overall injury rates in US women are lower than those in international elite men and women's Rugby-7s. The head and neck area in our female players was injured at greater rates (16%) than in international male Rugby-7s (5%). Injury prevention in US women's Rugby-7s must focus on injuries of the knee, head, and neck. Understanding risk factors will allow safe return-to-play decisions and formulate injury prevention protocols.

Overuse Injuries of the Pediatric and Adolescent Throwing Athlete.

In the hypercompetitive environment of year round youth baseball, arm pain is commonplace. Although much research has been done about injuries in the overhead throwing athlete, the emphasis has been on the more elite levels, where athletes have reached full development. The anatomy of the skeletally immature athlete, including open physeal plates and increased tissue laxity, raises unique issues in the presentation and treatment of repetitive throwing injuries of the elbow and shoulder. With a focus on "little leaguers," this discussion evaluates five of the most common elbow and shoulder injuries-Little Leaguer's elbow, ulnar collateral ligament sprain or tear, osteochondritis dissecans/Panner's disease, Little Leaguer's shoulder, and multidirectional instability. In the developmentally distinct pediatric athlete, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment may differ from that established for adults. Offering early diagnosis and treatment appropriate to a child's level of development will enable youth to not only continue to play sports but to also maintain full functionality as active adults.

Knee Injuries in Wrestlers: A Prospective Study from the Indian Subcontinent.

BackgroundWrestling is a very popular sport the world over and its popularity is rapidly increasing in India. However, due to its arduous nature it is associated with a high incidence of injuries. Out of all the injuries, those to the knee are one of the commonest injuries reported.ObjectivesOur aim was to study the pattern of these injuries in the Indian wrestlers.MethodsA prospective study was conducted involving 196 wrestlers who were followed up over a period of 2 years. Their knee injuries were studied by means of a structured questionnaire which they filled up with assistance from their athletic trainers.ResultsThere were a total of 188 injuries in 121 wrestlers with overall injury rate of 5.13/1,000 athlete exposure. 35 wrestlers sustained 71 knee injuries (71/188; 37.77%). 71.83% injuries were new. More number of injuries occurred in competition (incidence density ratio = 20.7) and in attack position. There was a statistically significant association with age and duration of practice. No association was found between these injuries and style of wrestling, weight and height of wrestlers. Ligament sprains and muscular strains were the commonest injuries.ConclusionsGoal of any such study is to minimize the risk of injury in the young athlete by understanding the factors responsible and development of preventive programs. We hope to do just that with this first study involving Indian wrestlers.

Traumatic avulsion of the superior extensor retinaculum of the ankle as a cause of subperiosteal haematoma of the distal fibula in children. A retrospective study of 7 cases

To describe a new sonographic feature for a traumatic lesion of the ankle in children. We present a retrospective review of superior extensor retinaculum (SER) avulsions diagnosed by ultrasound (US) as a cause of subperiosteal haematoma (SPH) and periosteal apposition of the distal fibula in seven children (3 girls and 4 boys, mean age 13.4years; age range 10-15years) after an inversion trauma of the ankle. Two children were subsequently examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the acute phases (6 children), US showed a hypoechoic collection with periosteal elevation at the fibular insertion of the SER. The fibular cortex and growth plate were unremarkable. The SPH was isolated in three cases and associated with an anterior talofibular ligament sprain in four. In two cases, MRI confirmed the SER periosteal avulsion and the integrity of the distal fibula. At the later phase (one child), US showed a periosteal apposition at the fibular insertion of the SER with hypoechoic thickening of the SER and power Doppler hyperaemia. This is the first sonographic description of SER avulsion as cause of SPH of the distal fibula in children. SPH in children should not be considered as pathognomonic of a Salter-Harris type 1 lesion of the distal fibula. Later, it may be responsible for persistent ankle pain. Therefore, SER may be systematically explored in children during US examination of the ankle after trauma.

Long-term prognosis of acute lateral ankle ligamentous sprains: high incidence of recurrences and residual symptoms.

Acute lateral ankle ligamentous sprains (ALALS) are common injuries. This injury does not always have a favourable long-term outcome. Studies reporting the prognosis of ALALS after functional treatment are scarce. To determine the prognosis of functionally treated ALALS, in terms of recurrent ALALS and residual symptoms. Retrospective cohort study. Patients were recruited from 20 family practices, nine physical therapy practices, the emergency departments of a regional hospital and a university hospital. Adult patients with an ALALS caused by an inversion trauma were invited to participate in this study 2.5-5 years after their initial injury. Functional treatment of the initial ALALS. Acute lateral ankle ligamentous sprain recurrences and residual symptoms. A total of 44 patients were included, with an average follow-up period after the initial ankle sprain of 204 weeks (range 150-274 weeks). Eight patients (18.1%) had reinjured their ankle. Explicit pain around the ankle joint at physical examination was experienced by 45.5%. Clinical symptoms of anterior ankle impingement were present in 25% (all athletes), with radiologically confirmed tibiotalar osteophyte bone formation in 82% of them. A large proportion of patients with ALALS experience recurrences and persistent symptoms after their initial ankle injury. The high percentage of patients with anterior ankle impingement syndromes illustrates the need for early assessment of this impairment in patients with persistent complaints.

Significant associated MRI findings in patients with anterior cruciate ligament stump entrapment.

Objective of this study was to determine the relationship between development of stump entrapment (SE) lesions and associated injuries in patients with knee extension deficits who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. This retrospective study included 79 patients who had an arthroscopy-proven ACL rupture causing knee extension loss. Presence and type of the SE lesions, injuries of collateral-cruciate ligaments and bones, and tears of the menisci were evaluated and recorded on magnetic resonance imaging. The SE lesions were significantly more common in patients who had compressive posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures, tibia medial plateau edema and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries compared to the patients without stump lesions (p < 0.05). Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) partial tears or sprains were significantly more common in patients with SE 1 lesions compared to the patients with SE 2 lesions (OR = 6.72; 95% CI: 1.56-28.93). SE is significantly more common in patients with compressive posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures, tibia medial plateau edemas and MCL injuries. PCL injury is more common in patients with type 1 SE.

Cheerleading is not always safe

Journal of Paediatrics and Child HealthVolume 52, Issue 6 p. 682-683 Heads UpFree Access Cheerleading is not always safe David Isaacs, David Isaacs Reviewer [email protected] Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author David Isaacs, David Isaacs Reviewer [email protected] Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 June 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13229Citations: 1 edited by Craig Mellis ([email protected]) AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Cheerleading is a North American tradition, with about 400 000 US high school participants each year. The epidemiology of high school cheerleader injuries has now been studied longitudinally.1 Cheerleading injury rate was 0.71 per 1000 athlete exposures, which ranked 18th of 22 sports (ahead only of boys' cross country, boys' track and field, girls' swimming and diving and boys' swimming and diving). Over half of all injuries occurred during stunts (53.2%). The most common injuries for girls were concussion (31.6%), ligament sprains (19.9%) and muscle strains (14.6%) and for boys ligament sprains (32.0%) and concussion (16.0%). The most common body parts injured for both boys and girls were head/face (39.0% and 24.0%) and ankle (11.7% and 16.0%, respectively). Although most injured cheerleaders were girls (96.8%), the injury rate was higher in boys (1.33 vs. 0.69, rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–2.88). Concussion was the commonest cheerleading injury (31.1% of all injuries), but concussion rates were lower in cheerleading than in all other sports combined (rate ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.66). Not surprisingly, injury rates are lower for cheerleaders than most other high school sports, but chess would be a lot safer. Reference 1Currie DW et al. Pediatrics 2016; 137: e20152447. Citing Literature Volume52, Issue6June 2016Pages 682-683 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training.

This study aimed to determine the association between injury history at enrollment and incident lower extremity (LE) injury during cadet basic training among first-year military cadets. Medically treated LE injuries during cadet basic training documented in the Defense Medical Surveillance System were ascertained in a prospective cohort study of three large US military academies from 2005 to 2008. Both acute injuries (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, codes in the 800-900s, including fracture, dislocations, and sprains/strains) and injury-related musculoskeletal injuries (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, codes in the 700s, including inflammation and pain, joint derangement, stress fracture, sprain/strain/rupture, and dislocation) were included. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed using multivariate log-binomial models stratified by gender. During basic training, there were 1438 medically treated acute and 1719 musculoskeletal-related LE injuries in the 9811 cadets. The most frequent LE injuries were sprains/strains (73.6% of acute injuries) and inflammation and pain (89.6% of musculoskeletal-related injuries). The overall risk of incident LE injury was 23.2% (95% CI = 22.3%-24.0%). Cadets with a history of LE injury were at increased risk for incident LE injury. This association was identical in males (RR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.55-1.94) and females (RR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.52-1.99). In site-specific analyses, strong associations between injury history and incident injury were observed for hip, knee ligament, stress fracture, and ankle sprain. Injury risk was greater (P < 0.01) for females (39.1%) compared with males (18.0%). The elevated injury risk in females (RR = 2.19, 95% CI = 2.04-2.36) was independent of injury history (adjusted RR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.95-2.24). Injury history upon entry to the military is associated with the incidence of LE injuries sustained during cadet basic training. Prevention programs targeted at modifiable factors in cadets with a history of LE injury should be considered.

Knee Injury – Recreational Runner

HISTORY: Case of a 41 year-old army soldier who had an acute bilateral knee giveaway weakness while jogging. After running for a mile, his left knee gaveway and he fell to the floor. He stood up without difficulties and ambulated for a short distance when he fell again due to right knee weakness. He had difficulty ambulating, although he felt no pain. During his ER visit, he had a third fall resulting in a right lateral malleolus fracture. Orthopedics was consulted and performed bilateral patellar tendon repair and right lateral malleolus ORIF. He was discharged home with bilateral hinged knee braces locked at full extension and weight-bearing precautions. Two months post-op, he was admitted to the acute inpatient rehabilitation ward of the VA Caribbean Healthcare. No past medical history of systemic conditions or regular medications. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Examination revealed bilateral knee valgus deformity, mild soft tissue swelling and bilateral pes planus. He had full knee extension and limited knee flexion to 90 degrees. Knee special tests were negative for meniscal, cruciate ligament or collateral ligament injury. Neurovascular exam was unremarkable. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Patellar tendon rupture 2. Quadriceps tendon rupture 3. Anterior cruciate ligament sprain 4. Meniscal injury 5. Collateral ligament sprain TEST AND RESULTS: 1. Bilateral knee MRI: Bilateral full-thickness tear of proximal patellar tendon with cephalad patellar displacement, medial and lateral patellar retinacula tears, and extensive soft tissue edema. Right high-grade partial versus full-thickness anterior cruciate ligament tear and anterior horn lateral meniscus tear. Left posterior horn medial meniscus tear. 2. Bilateral Knee X-ray: Bilateral patella alta. 3. Labs: Essentially normal except for low vitamin D and positive qualitative ANA test. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Atraumatic bilateral patellar tendon rupture TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Outpatient-based physical therapy was provided with emphasis on ROM completion, progression of quadriceps strengthening and neuromuscular retraining. 2. He achieved full ROM in both knees and independence in ADL’s and ambulation. 3. Return to recreational sports recommendations included to avoid high impact activities, such as running, until 9-12 months post-op follow up.

Injuries in Elite U.S. Rugby 7s Tournament Players over 4 years

PURPOSE: There is a lack of injury data on U.S. rugby and the new Olympic sport Rugby-7s. To determine the incidence (per 1000 playing hours (ph)), severity (days absence), and mechanisms of injuries. METHODS: A prospective epidemiology study of Elite/national candidate males (348) and females (336) in USA Rugby sanctioned tournaments, 2010-2013; compliant with the international consensus statement for studies in rugby union. RESULTS: Incidence of injury for medical attention and time-loss injuries combined were 89.7/1000ph (n=88) (men 23.9±3.6 years old; women 25.0± 4.6 years old). Time-loss injuries were encountered at 41.8/1000ph (n=41, 95% CI: 30.0-56.7) as compared to medical attention at 47.9/1000ph (n=47, 95% CI: 35.2-63.7). Male competitors (backs 134.3/1000ph, n=40; forwards, 71.6/1000ph, n=16; RR: 1.28; P=0.03) were injured more often than women (backs 83.7/1000ph, n=22; forwards, 45.6/1000ph, n=9; RR:1.2, P=0.134) (RR: 1.3, P=0.005). More days absence from play were encountered by women than men (1123 versus 548 days missed; P=0.017). Most injuries were acutely (98%) encountered in the tackle (68%). Main injuries were ligament sprains (34%) to lower extremities (53%). Knee injuries were more frequent in men than women (P=0.005). There was a high incidence of head/neck injuries (including concussions) among both sex (overall 22%; men 25%; women 16%) (P<0.044). CONCLUSION: U.S. Elite tournament players were injured at lower rates than their international Rugby-7s counterparts. Given the high rate of injury in head and neck; and repetitive injury incidence, injury prevention initiatives should focus on proper tackling techniques, diagnosis of injury post tournament and a standardized return to play protocol. Understanding incidence of injury rates in U.S. national candidates would guide injury prevention protocols for the national program.

Elbow Injury - Baseball

HISTORY: 21-year-old NCAA Division IA baseball athlete with history of left shoulder impingement with some mild undersurface tearing of the distal infraspinatus tendon and elbow pain reported with decreased terminal velocity but denies any loss of accuracy. Athlete further noted he changed his pitching technique at the beginning of the fall season to resemble a side-arm approach rather than throwing over the top. Athlete underwent conservative treatment for approximately 2½ months with limited results. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Athlete was examined in athletic training room. No obvious deformities, gross edema or evidence of acute injury. Normal palpation of soft tissues, tendon and bony structures. Athlete presented with 5/5 graded muscular strength of the elbow flexors, extensors, pronators and supinators with limited active ROM with extension. The following tests were negative: Valgus Extension Overload, Varus and Valgus Stress, O’Brien and O’Driscoll. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1.Medical Collateral ligament sprain 2.Ulnar Neuritis 3.Common Flexor Tendon Pathology 4.Medial Epicondylitis 5.Valgus Extension Overload TEST AND RESULTS: Elbow AP/Lateral/Oblique Radiographs: - Moderate posterior olecranon osteophyte, otherwise within normal limits. MRI indirect arthrogram - Low grade stress injury within the proximal ulna, No OCD - No intra-articular body or soft tissue masses MSK Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging - Discontinuity of medial trochlear bony surface of the humerus FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Left valgus extension overload of elbow and left elbow grade 4 chondromalacia of the posteromedial humerus. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: The athlete underwent arthroscopic extensive debridement surgery and was found to have a moderate size posteromedial olecranon exostosis that was impinging on the posteromedial humerus. In addition, the athlete was found to have a 1cm x 1.5 cm grade 4 chondromalacia involving the posteromedial humerus. A gentle chondroplasty and posteromedial olecranon resection was performed. Although the diagnosis and procedure is common among throwing athletes, this case clearly illustrated the use of diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound in identifying these types of lesions. The athlete has made a full recovery.

Sports injury and illness epidemiology during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games: United States Olympic Team Surveillance

BackgroundTo describe injury and illness incidence from the US Youth Olympic Team during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games (YOG).MethodsElectronic health records of Team USA athletes registered for the YOG were...