Electron Lifetime Research Articles

A novel Bi2WO6/Si heterostructure photocatalyst with Fermi level shift in valence band realizes efficient reduction of CO2 under visible light

In this paper, a novel Bi2WO6/Si heterostructure photocatalyst with Fermi level shift in valence band was developed for efficient reduction of CO2 under visible light. The shift of the Fermi level to the valence band can effectively reduce the difficulty of electron holes generation. According to a series of characterizations, it is found that the heterostructure photocatalysts with special branch structure achieve an increase in BET surface area and the photocatalysts’ ability to absorb visible light. In terms of photoelectric performance, the existence of heterojunction in photocatalysts enhances the ability of photo-excited electron-hole pair separation and prolongs the electron lifetime. Among the samples in this paper, WSi1-1 (Bi2WO6:Si = 1:1) reduces CO2 into the only product ethanol, and the ethanol yield reached 402.76 μmol/L. Therefore, the Bi2WO6/Si heterostructure photocatalyst is a low-cost, efficient and promising photocatalyst with broad application prospects.

Structural effect of Low-dimensional carbon nanostructures on Long-term stability of dye sensitized solar cells

A major challenge in upscaling and commercializing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is to simultaneously rely on a robust photoconversion efficiency (PCE) along with long-term device stability. Two-dimensional (2D) nanocarbon materials are known to improve the PCE and stability of devices made of hybrid nanocomposite photoanodes. However, there is inadequate knowledge on how the morphology of 2D nanocarbon materials plays an important role in improving photovoltaic (PV) performance and stability. Here we report the comparative effect on the PV performance and the long-term stability of DSSCs made of optimal loadings of few-layer graphene (FLG) flakes and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) into the mesoporous TiO2 active layer. DSSCs were fabricated by using standard nanocrystalline TiO2, GNR-TiO2 and FLG-TiO2 hybrid mesoporous films as anodes and subjected to continuous visible light irradiation to monitor their long-term stability. Results show that the optimized incorporation of GNR (0.005 wt%) and FLG (0.010 wt%) in the mesoporous TiO2 active layer enhances the PCE by 34% and 21% compared to pristine TiO2, respectively. Moreover, the operational stability of hybrid devices shows a 51.6% (for GNR-TiO2) and a 10% (for FLG-TiO2) sustained higher PCE than the device based on bare TiO2, after 273 h of continuous one sunlight soaking. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transient photovoltage decay were studied to investigate how GNR strikingly reduces degradation of device performance as compared to its counterpart FLG-TiO2 and TiO2 based cells. This significant enhancement can be attributed to the structural modifications induced by GNR within the TiO2 photoanode, which improves the electron lifetime and reduces non-radiative carrier recombination.

Charge Trapping in Terminal States in Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Reduction Reaction

Charge trap states play a key role in the photocatalytic activity of polymeric carbon nitride. Favorable shallow trap states prolong the lifetime of photogenerated charges in photocatalysis while unfavorable deep trap states deactivate the photogenerated charges. It is imperative to identify the origins and functions of shallow trap states in polymeric carbon nitride. We found that intrinsic NH2 terminals are not efficient active sites for photocatalytic reduction reactions such as hydrogen evolution or CO2 reduction in polymeric carbon nitride due to short trapped electron lifetimes. Rational terminal group design introduced shallow charge trap states with extended charge lifetime into the nanosecond timescale, positively contributing to hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction. Manipulating terminal shallow trap states enabled a 1.6 time improvement in hydrogen evolution activity and enhanced CO2 conversion to CO and CH4, with a yield of 8.4 and 3.6 μmol/g/h, respectively, under one sun condition (AM 1.5G).

Losses of Radiation Belt Energetic Particles by Encounters With Four of the Inner Moons of Jupiter

AbstractBased on an improved model of the moon absorption of Jovian radiation belt particles, we investigate quantitatively and comprehensively the absorption probabilities and particle lifetimes due to encounters with four of the inner moons of Jupiter (Amalthea, Thebe, Io, and Europa) inside L < 10. Our results demonstrate that the resultant average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary dramatically between ∼0.1 days and well above 1,000 days, showing a strong dependence on the particle equatorial pitch angle, kinetic energy and moon orbit. The average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons against moon absorption are shortest for Io (i.e., ∼0.1–10 days) and longest for Thebe (i.e., up to thousands of days), with the lifetimes in between for Europa and Amalthea. Due to the diploe tilt angle absorption effect, the average lifetimes of energetic protons and electrons vary markedly below and above = 67°. Overall, the average electron lifetimes exhibit weak pitch angle dependence, but the average proton lifetimes are strongly dependent on equatorial pitch angle. The average lifetimes of energetic protons decrease monotonically and substantially with the kinetic energy, but the average lifetimes of energetic electrons are roughly constant at energies <∼10 MeV, increase substantially around the Kepler velocities of the moons (∼10–50 MeV), and decrease quickly at even higher energies. Compared with the averaged electron lifetimes, the average proton lifetimes are longer at energies below a few MeV and shorter at energies above tens of MeV.

Temporal-spatial characteristics of filament induced by a femtosecond laser pulse in transparent dielectrics.

The evolution mechanism of femtosecond laser-induced filaments has been widely investigated owing to its application prospects in microprocessing. However, the material dependence of the excitation, stability, and decay of filaments is not well understood despite the importance of their precise utilization. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of filaments induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse in sapphire and silica glass was investigated using time-resolved pump-probe shadowgraphy on femtosecond and picosecond timescales. The results revealed that the evolution was significantly different in the two typically transparent dielectrics in terms of the electronic plasma dynamics and filament lifetimes. This difference can be attributed to the self-trapped excitons (STEs) in silica glass. Furthermore, the filament dependence on pump energy and focal position was experimentally analyzed. Divergent filaments were observed when the focal position was near the surface because of the effect of the excited plasma on beam propagation. Moreover, the evolution of filament length in the two materials was discussed. This study contributes to the applications of filaments in precise processing.

Crystalline C3N4/CeO2 composites as photocatalyst for hydrogen production in visible light

Crystalline carbon nitride (C-C3N4) doped with cerium oxide (CeO2) was synthesized using ionothermal method to increase the photocatalytic activity for H2 production. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) obtained from direct pyrolysis of urea at 550°C was subsequently annealed with a mixture of KCl and LiCl to obtain C-C3N4. CeO2 was doped onto C-C3N4 and g-C3N4 via calcination at 550°C. XRD analysis showed the formation of high intensity C3N4 and CeO2 peaks in C-C3N4/CeO2, meanwhile g-C3N4/CeO2 only showed CeO2 peaks. FTIR analysis confirmed all the samples contained C3N4 polymeric structure. The specific surface area of g-C3N4 was measured at 61 m2/g. The surface area increased to 92 m2/g when g-C3N4 transformed into C-C3N4, and further increased to 106 m2/g on C-C3N4/CeO2. The photocatalytic activity for H2 gas production showed significant increase of H2 rate on C-C3N4/CeO2 compared to g-C3N4/CeO2 and g-C3N4. The high crystallinity and high surface area were suggested to enhance photocatalytic activity of C-C3N4/CeO2 in visible light presumably due to the increase of electron and hole lifetimes.

Methylene Blue Dye as Photosensitizer for Scavenger-Less Water Photo Splitting: New Insight in Green Hydrogen Technology.

In this study, hydrogen generation was performed by utilizing methylene blue dye as visible-light photosensitizer while the used catalyst is working as a transfer bridge for the electrons to H+/H2 reaction. Silica NPs-incorporated TiO2 nanofibers, which have a more significant band gap and longer electrons lifetime compared to pristine TiO2, were used as a catalyst. The nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of amorphous SiO2 NPs/titanium isopropoxide/poly (vinyl acetate)/N, N-dimethylformamide colloid. Physicochemical characterizations confirmed the preparation of well morphology SiO2–TiO2 nanofibers with a bandgap energy of 3.265 eV. Under visible light radiation, hydrogen and oxygen were obtained in good stoichiometric rates (9.5 and 4.7 mL/min/gcat, respectively) without any considerable change in the dye concentration, which proves the successful exploitation of the dye as a photosensitizer. Under UV irradiation, SiO2 NPs incorporation distinctly enhanced the dye photodegradation, as around 91 and 94% removal efficiency were obtained from TiO2 nanofibers containing 4 and 6 wt% of the used dopant, respectively, within 60 min.

Enhanced adsorption on TiO2 photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells by electrochemical methods dye

Dye-adsorption is an important step in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The classical dye-adsorption method is performed by spontaneous process and, to obtain the optimal cell efficiencies, about 16–24 h are required, which is considered uneconomical for the mass production of DSSCs. To solve this problem, here, a quick dye adsorption process based on electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry, constant potential, and constant current techniques are the first time utilized to prepare photoelectrodes for DSSC applications. To obtain the optimal cell efficiencies, the experimental conditions are regulated. Among these methods, the electrodes prepared using the constant potential methods (3 V and 4 V for 60 and 30 min, respectively) have high performance in DSSCs under room light and one-sun conditions. This method significantly reduces the time for dye adsorption from 16 to 24 h to 30 min or ~ 1 h. The cells using these electrodes have high incident photon to current efficiencies, high recombination resistances, high electron lifetimes, and low dark current densities. Owing to these characteristics, the DSSCs achieve efficiencies as high as 8.27% and 14.49%, respectively, under one-sun and room light conditions. These efficiencies are identical to that of the efficiencies obtain for the cells prepared using the classical adsorption process.

Femtosecond pulse laser fabrication of zinc oxide quantum clusters/nanoparticles and their electrical, optical, and chemical characteristics

Despite various studies on the preparation of different types and sizes of ZnO, the synthesis of quantum clusters of bare metal oxide has rarely been reported. The research goals of this study were to create clusters/nanoparticles using femtosecond laser irradiation to increase the electrical, optical, and chemical functionalities of ZnO. Femtosecond pulse laser irradiation deposition technology was used here to produce ZnO from a precursor in water (pH = 5.5) and aqueous alkaline solution (pH = 10.2). These products were named ZnO(F5.5) and ZnO(F10.2), respectively. In this procedure, Zn ions react with hydroxyl radicals (OH*) produced by the decomposition of water molecules, and Zn(OH*)2 is dehydrated by femtosecond laser energy to create ZnO. The spherical particle size of ZnO(F5.5) after 1–30 min irradiation was found to be small (1–7 nm) compared to that of ZnO(F10.2) spheres (10–13 nm). Furthermore, ZnO(F5.5) shows a larger band gap (5.3–5.6 eV), a longer electron life time (40.4 ms), and a higher emission intensity (483 a.u.) compared to ZnO(F10.2). For the photodegradation of harmful pollutants, ZnO(F5.5) prepared at 1 min of laser irradiation reduces formaldehyde by 98.5% under UV light irradiation for 15 min. However, ZnO(F10.2) and other larger ZnO particles with various shapes require a longer time for formaldehyde conversion. These results confirm that an ultrasmall ZnO nanoparticle (1 nm in size) can be called a quantum cluster and has better electrical, optical, and photocatalyst characteristics. In particular, efficient photocatalytic reactions may be used to study the ecological and environmental impacts of ZnO quantum cluster.

Preparation and improved photochemical properties of V-doped Nb2Te4O13

Mixed oxides combining d0-and p-cations with stereoactive lone pair electrons exhibit excellent polarization abilities for potential photoelectric applications. This work reports the photochemical properties of V-doped Te–Nb mixed oxide Nb2Te4O13, which has the typical framework constructed by NbO6 (d0-) octahedra, TeO4, and TeO3 (p-) polyhedra. The samples were prepared using the sol-gel method, which resulted in the final nanoparticles. The luminescence spectra, lifetimes of photoinduced electrons and holes, and conductivity properties of the samples were characterized. Nb2Te4O13 has an indirect transition with a band energy of 2.98 eV V5+-doping shows a narrowing effect on the band gap, enhancing the harvest of the optical absorption in the visible light region. Photocatalysis tests were conducted via the photodegradation of RhB solutions under visible-light irradiation. V5+-doping depresses the intrinsic luminescence efficiency, while it significantly enhances photodegradation. It is suggested that the induced redox couples V5+/4+ and defects are responsible for the improvements of photocatalysis of Nb2Te4O13. This work offers an effective method to modify photochemical properties via redox couples and defects induced by impurity ion doping.

In-situ Formed Surface Complexes Promoting NIR-Light-Driven Carbonylation of Diamine with CO on Ultrathin Co2CO3(OH)2 Nanosheets

Tailoring the surficial chemical environment of two-dimensional materials by organic modification is an effective way to optimize their catalytic behaviors. Herein, we present a dynamic coordination approach to improve the photocatalytic performance of ultrathin Co2CO3(OH)2 nanosheets (u-CoCH) in NIR light (λ > 780 nm) driven carbonylation reaction by using the reacting substrates (diamines) as the ligands. The coordination of diamines with surface Co2+ ions form a binuclear complex at the crystallographic planes of u-CoCH. The as-formed complexes can reduce the energy barrier of carbonylation reaction by weaking the N-H bond of the substrate on u-CoCH, and afford enhanced light response as well as the prolonged photogenerated electron lifetime. Together with the successful synthesis of a series of important structural motifs in pharmaceuticals and bioactive agents, the promoted photosynthesis reaction mode via in-situ formed surface complexes offers a model toward full-spectrum-solar-energy conversion in the field of chemical synthesis.

Tracking charge transfer pathways in SrTiO3/CoP/Mo2C nanofibers for enhanced photocatalytic solar fuel production

Photocatalytic solar fuel generation is currently a hot topic because of its potential for solving the energy crisis owing to its low cost and zero-carbon emissions. However, the rapid bulk recombination of photoexcited carrier pairs is a fundamental disadvantage. To resolve this problem, we synthesized a dual cocatalysts system of cobalt phosphide (CoP) and molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) embedded on strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) nanofibers. Compared with those of pristine SrTiO 3 and binary samples, the dual cocatalysts system (denoted SCM) showed a significant improvement in the hydrogen evolution and CO 2 reduction performance. Further, the structure of SCM effectively promoted spatial charge separation and enhanced the photocatalytic performance. In addition, the Schottky junction formed between the SrTiO 3 and cocatalysts enabled the rapid transfer of photoexcited electrons from SrTiO 3 to the cocatalysts, resulting in effective separation and prolonged photoexcited electron lifetimes. The electron migration route between SrTiO 3 and the cocatalysts was determined by in situ irradiation X-ray spectroscopy, and band structures of SrTiO 3 and the cocatalysts are proposed based on results obtained from UV-vis diffraction reflection spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. On the basis of our results, the dual cocatalysts unambiguously boosts charge separation and enhances photocatalytic performance. In summary, we have investigated the flux of photoexcited electrons in a dual cocatalysts system and provided a theoretical basis and ideas for subsequent research. A dual cocatalysts system for photocatalytic solar fuel production was constructed, and we confirmed the band bending and photoexcited electron transfer pathway between the SrTiO 3 and cocatalysts using UPS and ISI-XPS characterization.

Deep reddish-orange emitting Sr3Gd(PO4)3: Sm3+ phosphors via modified citrate-gel combustion method

The photoluminescence properties of different concentrations of Sm3+ activated Sr3Gd(PO4)3 phosphors synthesized by modified citrate gel-combustion method were investigated for white light emitting diode (w-LED) applications. The studied phosphors were characterized through powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence excitation, emission and lifetime studies. The PXRD profiles confirmed the body centred cubic structure of undoped and Sm3+ -doped phosphors. The SEM studies showed the distribution and agglomeration of particles. The characteristic emission transitions such as 4G5/2 → 6H5/2 (∼561 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 (∼598 nm), 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 (∼645 nm) and 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 (∼705 nm) were noticed at their respective positions when excited at 403 nm wavelength. The highest luminescence intensity was found for 1.0 mol% of Sm3+ doped phosphors at 403 nm excitation showing luminescence quenching and it was ascribed to dipole-dipole interaction type of energy transfer among the excited Sm3+ ions at higher concentrations. The reddish-orange color of emitted luminescence was examined by evaluating the chromaticity coordinates. The experimental results confirm the potentiality of studied phosphors for w-LED applications.

Aliphatic mixed ligands Sn(II) complexes as photon absorbers in quantum dots sensitized solar cell

Dye-sensitized solar cells have attracted a lot of research interest due to the quest for an alternative energy supply given that it is cost-effective and its materials are easily available. However, the need to improve the conversion efficiency of these solar cell devices has necessitated the search for new materials that will lead to more energy conversion. One of such material of interest is tin (II) sulfide (SnS). In present study, we report results from the synthesis of hexadecylamine (HDA)-capped SnS and uncapped SnS photosensitizer using a molecular precursor. The efficiency of the photon absorbers, their morphological, structural and electrochemical properties were examined using different techniques. Both photosensitizers displayed X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks within the range 26.03°–66.05°, which corresponds to orthorhombic structure. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) further revealed that HDA-capped SnS has a better morphology and size distribution. UV–Vis analysis shows that the HDA-capped SnS exhibits strong absorption in the entire visible region which is attributed to perfect orientation. The HDA-capped photosensitizer superiority was linked to well reduced electron recombination and electron lifetime. The addition of HDA capping agent improved the J-V performance with a new conversion efficiency of 8.20%. Results obtained from present work proselytize the concept of using capping agent as an approach for improving the quality of photon absorbers.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis of ZnO/Al photoelectrodes and its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production

This paper reports the photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis and the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production of ZnO/Al photoelectrodes prepared with 0.5, 1 and 5 wt% of Al. The photoelectrodes were obtained by the sol-gel method and used as active material on photocatalyst for hydrogen production under UV-light irradiation. By increasing the aluminium concentration, the band-gap of ZnO decreases, at the same time the photoluminescence intensity decreases too. On the contrary, the PEC test showed an increase in the photocurrent due to the Al presence, which improves the charge transfer because it is a better coupling of the electronic bands of ZnO and Al. The n-type of semiconductor was corroborated by OCP curves, while the electron-hole pair recombination was calculated by electrochemical measurements where Al incorporation diminished the recombination. The electron lifetime calculated from OCP curves increases with Al content, which favours the catalytic activity of ZnO/Al photoelectrodes indicating its efficiency. In concordance, Nyquist plots reveal that ZnO/Al photoelectrodes with highest amount of Al showed low charge transfer resistance. On the other hand, the presence of Al increased the number of active sites as calculated by Turnover frequency (TOF), which is favourable to carry out redox reactions. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production was almost 6.6 times higher with respect to ZnO because the presence of Al, which favored the increase of charges and a greater number of active sites. This result is in agree with the information obtained by PEC analysis, where also a higher amount of photocurrent was produced by the Al content in ZnO/Al.

Influence of impurities and structural defects on the properties of CdTe- and CdZnTe-based detectors

The most researched materials for uncooled semiconductor detectors of ionizing radiation are CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te, which allow to obtain detectors with high values of resistivity ρ and electron mobility. In the process of producing detector materials, the background impurities and defects can be introduced into their matrix, and as a result the deep levels appear in the bandgap, acting as centers of capture and recombination of nonequilibrium charge carriers and reducing the registration ability of detectors. The aim of this study was to determine by computer simulation method the nature of the effect of background impurities and structural defects on the electrophysical and detector properties of CdTe and CdZnTe. Quantitative studies were conducted using reliability-tested models. The authors used the examples of Cl, Fe, Pb, Cr, Co, Ti, V, Ni, Ge, Sn to study the effect of doping and background impurities on the resistivity ρ, lifetime of nonequilibrium electrons and holes, the charge collection efficiency η of detectors based on CdTe and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te. The influence of cadmium vacancies on the degradation of the ρ and η of the detectors based on the materials under study was clarified. Impurities were found that reduce ρ and η in detectors based on CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te:Al. The ultimate concentration of donor impurities and defects with their uniform distribution over the crystal volume without the formation of clusters was determined. The effect of the Fermi level and defect levels on the change and degradation of the properties of the materials under study was found. The ratios of the concentrations of background impurities and defects were established, making it possible to obtain semiconductors CdTe:Cl and Cd0.9Zn0.1Te of an acceptable detector quality.

In situ growth of MOF-derived sulfur vacancy-rich CdS nanoparticles on 2D polymers for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation.

In heterojunction photocatalytic materials, the size of the nanoparticles and electron-hole separation efficiency have a great influence on the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. In this work, for the first time, a strategy of combining sulfur vacancy engineering and quantum size control for constructing CdS (MOF)/PI heterojunctions was reported. Sulfur-deficient CdS (MOF) nanoparticles with a size of 5-10 nm were derived from in situ sulfurization of Cd-MOF precursors and highly dispersed on the surface of 2D polyimide (PI). The experimental and characterization results demonstrated that CdS (MOF)/PI heterojunctions possess broader and stronger light absorption towards the visible region than pristine PI. More importantly, a considerable amount of sulfur vacancies were introduced into CdS (MOF) nanoparticles. The presence of abundant surface and bulk sulfur vacancies created more unsaturated coordinated Cd 3c atoms, which increased the proportion of the (002) crystal planes that act as highly active crystal planes of CdS (MOF), providing more active reaction sites. The surface sulfur vacancy level located near the Fermi level serves as the photogenerated electron trap level, thereby increasing the efficiency of electron-hole separation and further prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated electrons. As a result, the 18%CdS(MOF)/PI heterojunction exhibited a higher hydrogen evolution rate of 8640 μmol g-o after 4 hours of illumination, which was 20 times higher than that of 18%CdS/PI under visible light irradiation. This work highlights the role of sulfur defects in the modification of the CdS (MOF)/PI heterojunction as a feasible strategy for improving charge separation and photocatalytic performance.

Особенности динамики спектра фотолюминесценции кристалла Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-9-=/SUB=- при изменении интенсивности лазерного возбуждения

Photoluminescence spectra were studied on a naturally formed surface of a layered Cu3In5S9 crystal upon excitation by nanosecond laser radiation. At relatively low levels of optical excitation intensity, luminescence quenching was observed near a photon energy of 1.636 eV in a narrow energy band near 118 meV. This phenomenon is explained by the formation of bound triplet excitons and their dissociation with the emission of phonons. It is shown that, as the intensity of the optical excitation of the crystal increases, the impurity emission band in the crystal disappears. The photocurrent spectrum of Cu3In5S9 at 295 K is formed by peaks at energies of 1.53 and 1.81 eV. The lifetime of nonequilibrium electrons through fast centers is ~20 ns. From the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the Cu3In5S9 crystal in the range 110–350 K, the activation energies of two donor levels, 0.28 and 0.76 eV, were determined. Keywords: Cu3In5S9, photoluminescence, photocurrent, electrical conductivity.

Construction and excellent photoelectric synergistic anticorrosion performance of Z-scheme carbon nitride/tungsten oxide heterojunctions.

The use of heterojunctions for metal corrosion protection is a highly innovative and challenging task. Based on the composition and structure of tungsten oxide-based heterojunctions, Z-scheme heterojunctions were designed and synthesized by the electrostatic self-assembly method using energy band-matched g-C3N4 and WO3 materials. Applied in the field of anticorrosion, they overcame the problems of poor reduction ability and transmission inefficiency of traditional materials. The Z-scheme heterojunctions ensured unidirectional electron transfer, while the aggregation of the retained strongly reduced electrons on the surface of the iron substrates provided a strong driving force for retarding corrosion occurrence. Meanwhile, the inherent shielding properties of the two-dimensional material g-C3N4 and the confinement of chloride ions as an electroactive layer hindered the penetration of the corrosive solution. After being corroded for 72 h, the corrosion impedance of the g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunction system was improved by 640.11% compared with the epoxy resin coating. In addition, the g-C3N4/W18O49 heterojunction was synthesized by using mixed valence tungsten oxide, which overcame the problems of photogenerated electron yield and lifetime, and enhanced the anticorrosion performance compared with a single g-C3N4 phase. This research provided ideas for designing efficient and environmentally friendly heterojunction anticorrosion materials.

Enhanced Electron Lifetime in a Bifunctional Hybrid Heterostructure Based on Bismuth-Vanadium-Oxide

Enhanced Electron Lifetime in a Bifunctional Hybrid Heterostructure Based on Bismuth-Vanadium-Oxide