Aspects Of Lifestyle Research Articles

Combination of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Overweight/Obesity in Adults.

(1) Background: Artificial intelligence using machine learning techniques may help us to predict and prevent obesity. The aim was to design an interpretable prediction algorithm for overweight/obesity risk based on a combination of different machine learning techniques. (2) Methods: 38 variables related to sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health aspects from 1179 residents in Madrid were collected and used to train predictive models. Accuracy, precision, and recall metrics were tested and compared between nine classical machine learning techniques and the predictive model based on a combination of those classical machine learning techniques. Statistical validation was performed. The shapely additive explanation technique was used to identify the variables with the greatest impact on weight gain. (3) Results: Cascade classifier model combining gradient boosting, random forest, and logistic regression models showed the best predictive results for overweight/obesity compared to all machine learning techniques tested, reaching an accuracy of 79%, precision of 84%, and recall of 89% for predictions for weight gain. Age, sex, academic level, profession, smoking habits, wine consumption, and Mediterranean diet adherence had the highest impact on predicting obesity. (4) Conclusions: A combination of machine learning techniques showed a significant improvement in accuracy to predict risk of overweight/obesity than machine learning techniques separately.

SOSIOHISTORIS MASYARAKAT ARAB KUNO DAN MODERN PERSPEKTIF GUSTAVE LE BON

This article presents a comprehensive historical overview of the lives of ancient and modern Arab societies, focusing on their nature, customs, and the changes that took place in various aspects of their lives. Through research into historical sources such as Gustave Le Bon's "Hadorotul Arab" and various relevant documentation, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the development of Arab civilization and the changes that occurred in Arab society over time. The review covers the social, economic, cultural and lifestyle aspects of Arab society in the past and present. The result of this study is that in ancient times, Arab societies were characterized by a relatively isolated and conservative nature. They lived in villages and tribes, with strong customs and traditional values. The social and economic aspects of ancient Arab society were influenced by their nomadic life and reliance on trade and livestock. However, as times changed, modern Arab society underwent a significant transformation. Arab cities became centers of economic and cultural activity, with increasingly open lifestyles and adaptation to outside influences. Social, economic and political changes have affected their daily lives, with changes in family structure, gender roles, education and employment. Modern Arab societies are also faced with challenges and changes due to globalization and modernization. They interact with new technologies and have greater access to information. Islam remains a strong cornerstone in the lives of Arab societies, with values such as modesty, justice and social care continuing to be upheld. However, religious interpretations and practices may vary among Arab societies, depending on the historical, cultural and environmental contexts in which they live .

Biodegradable and biocompatible nonisocyanate polyurethanes synthesized from bio-derived precursors

Despite the enormous use of polyurethanes (PUs) in multiple aspects of modern lifestyle, the industrial scale manufacturing of PUs uses toxic chemicals like isocyanates, phosgene till today. In addition, the non-biodegradability and non-biocompatibility of PUs and their debris are serious cause of concerns for the environment. To deal with these challenges, in the current work, a new approach is reported in which bio-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes were synthesized by exploiting viable amino acid-based diamines and biscyclocarbonates from sebacoyl chloride and diglycerol derivatives in a readily doable process. The newly designed polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) exhibited remarkable biodegradability and biocompatibility (cell viability) in comparison with commercial diamine based PHUs. A series of PHUs were synthesized in bulk and solvent free green synthetic route by polycondensing library of amino acids (such as glycine, alanine, valine, and isoleucine etc.) based diamines consisting of varying alkyl chain lengths and biscyclocarbonates like sebacic biscyclocarbonate and diglycerol biscyclocarbonate etc. All the synthesized PHUs were thoroughly characterised by IR, NMR and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. The impact of chain length and molecular structure of the synthesized PHUs were also evaluated using DSC, TGA, SEC, water contact angle measurements and hydrolytic degradation studies. The molar masses of the PHUs obtained from the SEC analysis are in the range of ∼17,000–24,000 Da. The current study demonstrated that amino acids is one of the major degradation products and are biocompatible in in-vitro conditions. The PHUs and their degradable products showed excellent cell viability when studied in HEK293T cells that were carried out using microgram to milligram concentration of PHUs. The outcome of this work in comparison to conventional PHUs and polyurethanes clearly demonstrated good biocompatibility and hence drawing attention to potential applications in bio-adhesives, bio-implants, drug delivery, and green coatings etc. in the near future.

Dietary Habits and Their Impact on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is marked by the frequent occurrence of stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation at least once a week. When reflux leads to troublesome symptoms and esophageal damage and adversely affects quality of life, it is diagnosed as GERD. Age, gender, ethnicity, genetic predispositions, and aspects of diet and lifestyle, including factors like obesity and smoking, are associated with GERD. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted within the Departments of General Medicine, Surgery, and Gastroenterology at Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) in Peshawar, spanning from January 2024 to June 2024. Patients who visited these departments or the Outpatient Department within the specified period with GERD were included in the study. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. For the analysis, we utilized IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Results This study consists of 280 participants. The mean age of the participants in this study was 44.60 years. GERD has a significant association with obesity (69.99) and lack of exercise (80%), and a negative association was found between other gastrointestinal conditions (55.71%) and smoking (64.28). Common symptoms among GERD patients were swallowing difficulty, regurgitation, heartburn, and chest pain. Conclusion Our study is the first to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and GERD among Pakistani patients. Our findings highlight significant associations between GERD and several factors, including gender, BMI, dietary habits, and lack of exercise. Notably, cultural and regional differences appear to influence GERD prevalence and its risk factors, as demonstrated by the minimal impact of alcohol consumption in our study population.

Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

BackgroundTea and coffee are the most frequently consumed beverages in the world. Green tea in particular contains compounds with potential anti-cancer effects, but its association with survival after ovarian cancer is uncertain.MethodsWe investigated the associations between tea and coffee consumption before diagnosis and survival using data from 10 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Data on tea (green, black, herbal), coffee and caffeine intake were available for up to 5724 women. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsCompared with women who did not drink any green tea, consumption of one or more cups/day was associated with better overall survival (aHR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.00, p-trend = 0.04). A similar association was seen for ovarian cancer-specific survival in five studies with this information (aHR = 0.81, 0.66–0.99, p-trend = 0.045). There was no consistent variation between subgroups defined by clinical or lifestyle characteristics and adjustment for other aspects of lifestyle did not appreciably alter the estimates. We found no evidence of an association between coffee, black or herbal tea, or caffeine intake and survival.ConclusionThe observed association with green tea consumption before diagnosis raises the possibility that consumption after diagnosis might improve patient outcomes.

Reception Analysis of Halal Food among the Online Platform Audiences in Muslim Minority Countries

Halal Lifestyle is a fundamental aspect of the Muslim community's lifestyle, as consuming halal products is a religious obligation and necessity for Muslims. However, this is a significant challenge in Muslim minority countries due to limited access to halal cuisines in public places. This research aims to understand the process of audience acceptance in countries with minority Muslims regarding the need for consumption following halal principles. Researchers employ audience acceptance theory in analyzing research problems and an analysis technique coined by Stuart Hall. The data was obtained through the use of research instruments in the form of guided discussions, based on the constructivist paradigm through the employment of data reduction, data presentation, and validation process. The results of the guided discussions indicated that each participant interpreted media messages in three possible positions: dominant, negotiation, and opposition. These differences in interpretation were influenced by various individual backgrounds, including where they lived, their views, and their experiences. The findings indicate that, in terms of acceptance of halal food in Muslim-minority countries, the majority of participants consider information about halal food to be important in maintaining their religious beliefs, particularly through online platforms such as websites and Instagram.

The Key to a Quality Life

This research aims to identify and analyze factors that contribute to a good quality of life. Physical health, mental health, social health, and a healthy lifestyle are considered the main components that influence quality of life. This research uses mixed methods which combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire survey from 200 respondents covering various aspects of health and lifestyle. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 20 participants as well as direct observation to gain a deeper understanding of individual experiences and views on quality of life. Quantitative analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation between physical activity, healthy eating patterns, social support and mental health with the level of quality of life. Qualitative analysis identified four main themes: the importance of maintaining physical health through exercise and a healthy diet; mental health through relaxation techniques and emotional support; social health through meaningful interactions and relationships; and a healthy lifestyle that includes daily habits that support overall well-being. This research concludes that a good quality of life can be achieved through a balance between physical, mental and social health, as well as implementing a healthy lifestyle. Support from government and society is also important in creating an environment that supports holistic health. These findings can form the basis for public health programs and policies aimed at improving people's quality of life.

Understanding perceptions about the health effects of night working and the barriers and enablers to taking part in nutritional research: A qualitative study among night workers in England.

Working at night is associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. However, there are a lack of nutritional intervention studies conducted amongst night workers, subsequently contributing to a lack of evidence-based guidelines for night workers. The aim of The Eating on the Night Shift study was to understand how night shift workers view working at night in relation to nutritional health and wellbeing, the barriers and enablers to participate in research and what kind of guidance would be useful to them. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample (n = 18) of night workers based in England. The interview covered experiences of working night shifts, perceptions about night work and their health, and perceptions of and likely engagement with nutritional research. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Of the final sample 13 were female (72%), 39% worked a rotating shift pattern and 78% had worked night shifts for 1 year or more. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) the consequences of night work on health and wellbeing, (2) eating at night means a less healthy diet, (3) working at night has wider knock-on effects on aspects of lifestyle and wellbeing and (4) nutritional research is perceived as important, but there are barriers to participation. Night workers are aware that working at night can negatively impact their diet as well as their health. Nutritional researchers need to engage with night workers when considering intervention design and implementation as well as in the development of any resultant evidence-based guidance to ensure its relevance.

Lifestyle Habits Related to Internet Use in Adolescents: Relationships between Wellness, Happiness, and Mental Health.

Studies in recent years have shown a significant increase in problematic internet use. Prolonged internet usage negatively impacts various aspects of adolescents' lifestyles. The survey was conducted in three Lithuanian cities-Vilnius, Klaipėda, and Molėtai-between October and December of 2023. The survey involved students between the ages of 12 and 16. The participants completed a questionnaire that included questions about wellness and happiness, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Our study aimed to investigate problematic internet use among Lithuanian adolescents and its relationships with wellness, happiness, and mental health. This study included 1412 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.41 ± 1.20, with the sample composed of 52.3% boys. Boys indicated that they felt healthier and happier than girls (69.4% vs. 47.4%; 51.4% vs. 29.6%), p < 0.001. A total of 20.8% of students had IAT scores that reflect a normal level of internet usage. For IAT, the average score of girls was statistically significantly higher than that of boys (41.87 ± 12.24 vs. 39.96 ± 12.37), p < 0.001. The IAT score was higher in the group of students who felt less happy and healthy, had more frequent headaches or abdominal pain, and had problems with sleep, p < 0.001. A statistically significant, positive weak correlation was found between students' IAT scores and SDQ internalizing and SDQ externalizing scores (r = 0.366; r = 0.385, p < 0.001). Prolonged internet use is arising as a serious problem among adolescents. Negative feelings, unhappiness, and poor emotion regulation have an association with internet addiction. Also, the female gender may be more associated with possible internet addiction. The results of this study can serve as initial steps toward developing preventive interventions.

Change in eating habits after 2 years of pandemic restrictions among adolescents living in a city in northern Italy: results of the COALESCENT Observational Study (Change amOng ItAlian adoLESCENTs)

BackgroundLockdown measures during the recent pandemic, due to the novel COVID-19, affected several other aspects of lifestyle, but little is known about their long-term impact, especially among adolescents. Our study...

Assessment of depression symptoms among cancer patients: a cross-sectional study from a developing country

Cancer patients experience psychological symptoms such as depression during the cancer treatment period, which increases the burden of symptoms. Depression severity can be assessed using the beck depression inventory (BDI II). The purpose of the study was to use BDI-II scores to measure depression symptoms in cancer patients at a large tertiary hospital in Palestine. A convenience sample of 271 cancer patients was used for a cross-sectional survey. There are descriptions of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle aspects. In addition, the BDI-II is a tool for determining the severity of depression. Two hundred seventy-one patients participated in the survey, for a 95% response rate. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 84 years, with an average age of 47 years. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:1, and 59.4% of the patients were outpatients, 153 (56.5%) of whom had hematologic malignancies. Most cancer patients (n = 104, 38.4%) had minimal depression, while 22.5%, 22.1%, and 17.0% had mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Education level, economic status, smoking status, and age were significantly associated with depression. The BDI-II is a useful instrument for monitoring depressive symptoms. The findings support the practice of routinely testing cancer patients for depressive symptoms as part of standard care and referring patients who are at a higher risk of developing psychological morbidity to specialists for treatment as needed.

Relationship among Amlapitta and Lifestyle and its Treatment through Lifestyle Management

Among the various diseases that appear due to deviations in lifestyle, one of the diseases related to the stomach and oesophagus is also hyperacidity. The presented study is the relationship between amlapitta and lifestyle and its treatment through lifestyle management. There are mainly three problems in the study of lifestyle management for the treatment of amlapitta- What are the relationships between amlapitta and lifestyle? What aspects of lifestyle can cure amlapitta? And how can it be established that the treatment of amlapitta is through lifestyle management? There are the following three objectives to solve this problem- to analyze the relationship between amlapitta and lifestyle, to present alternative treatment methods for amlapitta by directly practising aspects of lifestyle management, and to establish recognition based on the facts that amlapitta can be treated by lifestyle management. In the present study, there are 120 people in the treatment group and 40 people in the control group, a total of 160 people related to amlapitta. Interview, rating scale and direct practice method are followed. Data is presented using tables, bar diagrams and pie charts. APA 7 method and SPSS application are used. The study is limited only to the urban area of Kawasoti and Madhyabindu municipality and the hilly area of Hupsekot village of Nawalpur district. Based on the research that focused on the 11 problems included in its study, it was found that amlapitta was cured by lifestyle management in three groups, while no improvement was found in the control group.

Modeling Face Detection Application Using Convolutional Neural Network and Face-API for Effective and Efficient Online Attendance Tracking

The pandemic of Covid-19 emergency has ended, but it gives us a new lifestyle every aspect of life and also in the education aspect has changed. At that moment as one of the ways to prevent pandemic infection, many governments give the policy to close the offline class and continue with online classes. The online class system encountered several problems and one of those problems was to track the students’ attendance to ensure all the students were attending the class. The teacher needed extra effort to track it because they needed to call the students one by one which is wasting time and sometimes would miss the presence of the students who attend the class. To make it effective efficient accurate and time-consuming when tracking attendance in online classes for teachers, we proposed the face detection model which combines face-api.js and CNN to detect and recognize the students’ faces to help teachers track attendance by just uploading the screenshot image of the online meeting application. We tested our model with accuracy and speed testing. With 3 images of every student’s face as training data, our model was able to recognize the face with 100% accuracy in just 41,65 seconds which is faster than calling students one by one that need almost 3 to 5 minutes if there are many students. Future research can be done by focusing research on improving the model to detect the students’ faces with different brightness, contrast, and saturation because students may not have the same place and condition when joining an online meeting class.

A contemporary review of breast cancer risk factors and the role of artificial intelligence.

Breast cancer continues to be a significant global health issue, necessitating advancements in prevention and early detection strategies. This review aims to assess and synthesize research conducted from 2020 to the present, focusing on breast cancer risk factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental aspects, as well as the innovative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in prediction and diagnostics. A comprehensive literature search, covering studies from 2020 to the present, was conducted to evaluate the diversity of breast cancer risk factors and the latest advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in this field. The review prioritized high-quality peer-reviewed research articles and meta-analyses. Our analysis reveals a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors for breast cancer, with significant variability across different populations. Furthermore, AI has emerged as a promising tool in enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer risk prediction and the personalization of prevention strategies. The review highlights the necessity for personalized breast cancer prevention and detection approaches that account for individual risk factor profiles. It underscores the potential of AI to revolutionize these strategies, offering clear recommendations for future research directions and clinical practice improvements.

Associations between cognitive function and lifestyle in community-living older people: a correlational study

BackgroundPrevious studies have examined relationship between cognitive function and lifestyle; however, the nature of this relationship is expected to vary in diverse cultural and low-income setting where lifestyle practices differ from those in high-income countries.AimThis study aims to investigate the correlation between lifestyle factors and cognitive function among individuals aged 60 years and older in 2021.MethodsThis cross-sectional, Community-based study involved 300 older adults from comprehensive urban health centers in Khorramabad, Iran, selected through stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected using the demographic information questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Lifestyle Questionnaire. Data management and analysis were performed using SPSS (version 22) and independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were used. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study included 156 males (52%) and 144 females (48%). Findings revealed a significant correlation between cognitive function and lifestyle (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that physical health, environmental health, exercise, accident prevention, and avoidance of medication exerted the most significant positive effect on cognitive function. Conversely, social health exhibited a notable negative influence on cognitive function. (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results suggest that specific aspects of lifestyle, such as physical health, accident prevention, and avoidance of medication are associated with cognitive function in older adults. Consequently, lifestyle promotion programs may enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life among older adults.

Analysis of Learning Interest, Level of Discipline, and Student’s Responsibility for Post Covid-19 Learning Outcomes

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted various aspects of life, including education, lifestyle, habits, and social behavior. Online learning at SMA Negeri 1 Jebus faced unstable conditions and limited signal, leading to low discipline and responsibility among students. This decreased interest in learning and quality of education was analyzed in 2021/2022 to understand the impact on post-Covid-19 learning outcomes. This problem made the author analyze students’ interest in learning, level of discipline, and responsibility for post-COVID-19 learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Jebus, West Bangka Regency in 2021/2022. This research uses quantitative methods with a correlational type of research because this research aims to see the relationship between one variable and another variable. In this study, the population was all students at SMA Negeri 1 Jebus, totaling 715 students from class X to class XII. This sample will be taken from class XI students. In this research, the data collection techniques that researchers used were questionnaires and documentation. Based on this research, the results were obtained The study found that interest in learning, discipline, and responsibility significantly influenced post-Covid-19 learning outcomes at SMAN 1 Jebus, West Bangka Regency. The variables of interest in learning, discipline, and responsibility had a positive impact, with the remaining variables being 0.288 or 28.8%. The adjusted R square figure is 0.712 or 71.2%.

Eating habits, sleep quality, and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 crisis: a national survey from Palestine

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences of safety measures, such as lockdowns, have impacted not only the physical health of individuals but also their lifestyle, psychosocial health, and mental health. In this analysis, we aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle, eating habits, and sleep quality in the Palestinian population. Furthermore, the current study aimed to determine the factors associated with poor sleep.MethodsThe study was carried out between November 2021 and February 2022 after a long lockdown. We adopted a cross-sectional design to achieve the objectives of this study. The questionnaire included information on sociodemographic characteristics and other characteristics. In addition, questions related to lifestyle changes and items related to changes in the consumption of certain types of food were included. Furthermore, in the present study, two scales were used to assess sleep quality: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsA total of 978 participants were included in this study; 508 (51.9%) were women, and 465 (47.5%) were aged between 17 and 30 years. 41% of the participants added one meal or more, and almost 43% skipped one meal or more. A total of 39.2% believed that their habits worsened as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant portion of the population increased their vitamin intake by 62.5%. In general, nuts, fast food, fried food, coffee, snacks, cans, and homemade baked foods were consumed at higher rates overall. The median ESS score, which measures general levels of daytime drowsiness, was 20.00 (18.00–22.00). Residency (p = 0.008), living status (p < 0.001), salary (p < 0.001), education level (p = 0.002), job status (p = 0.015), and vitamin intake (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the ESS score. The PSQI score, which evaluates adult sleep patterns and quality, has a median value of 5.00. (4.00–7.00). Living status (p < 0.001), salary (p = 0.006), job status (p = 0.002), smoking status (p = 0.030), chronic diseases (p = 0.002), and vitamin use (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the PSQI score. Only taking multivitamins was a predictor of having a lower score on both the ESS (p = 0.001) and PSQI (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings clearly showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected the Palestinian population in different aspects of life. We recommend that health authorities and healthcare providers continually share knowledge and awareness about good eating habits, sleep quality, and other aspects of lifestyles.

Eating disorders in medicine university students in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo Brazil

Introduction Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating and/or eating-related behavior, resulting in altered food consumption or absorption, which can significantly compromise physical health as well as psychosocial functioning. These disorders are closely linked with stressful experiences which university students configure a group prone to development.ObjectivesThe objective is to evaluate the impact of eating disorders on young people when entering and staying at university.MethodsThis is an observational, quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study, in which 1300 (one thousand and three hundred) medical students were invited, of both sexes and over 18 years of age from the 1st (first) to the 12th (twelfth) year. period of the Medicine course at the University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) with 91 students joining. A structured interview was applied via online, aiming at collecting sociodemographic and occupational data in conjunction with the application of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale - ECAP, assessing the existence and degree of eating disorders in medical students.ResultsMean age 22.7 ± 3.9 years, predominantly female (76.9%) and white ethnicity (86.8%). Most live alone or with a parent (82.5%). With regard to eating habits, 81 (89.0%) said they did not follow a nutrition professional’s diet, and 84 (92.3%) have at least 3 meals a day. Lunch is eaten by 100% of the participants, while supper is the least consumed meal (17.6%). A total of 24 (26.4%) participants said they had little time to eat, and almost half (46.2%) did not prepare their own meals, with 12.5% choosing to eat salted or not. eating a certain meal. The ECAP binge eating score had a median of 9 (11.5) points, with a minimum score equal to 1 and a maximum equal to 41. Sixty-eight (74.7%) of the participants were classified as having no binge eating, with moderate binge eating 15 (16.5%), and severe, 8 (8.8%).ConclusionsThere is a need for changes in lifestyle aspects in order to present healthier meals in appropriate amounts, in addition to an adequate therapeutic approach to these disorders. Research funding agency We also declare that we received financial support from the Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation Scholarships (PROBIC).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Women and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Gender-Specific Factors, Risks, and Therapeutic Approaches in Contemporary Medicine.

Background and objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute a significant global health challenge,causing millions of deaths annually and straining healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to investigate and elucidate gender-specific factors, risks, and therapeutic approaches related to cardiovascular health in women within the context of contemporary medicine. Methodology We conducted a prospective observational study spanning one year (November 2022 to October 2023)at the Peshawar Medical Complex Hospital, to meticulously explore the field of women's cardiovascular health. With a diverse cohort of 435 women (age range: 18-55 years), representing various socioeconomic backgrounds and geographic locations, our study aimed to elicit comprehensive insights. Through structured interviews covering reproductive history, lifestyle, and psychosocial aspects, coupled with clinical assessments, we gathered multifaceted data. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statisticsversion 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). By employing descriptive and t-tests for quantitative analysisand by thematically analyzing qualitative insights, our approach ultimately sought to provide a nuanced understanding of gender-specific factors impacting women's cardiovascular health. Results The study, involving 435 women, revealed various prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Notable findings include a high incidence of a family history of CVD (n=213, 48.96%, p=0.013), hypertension (n=207, 47.58%), hypercholesterolemia (n=114, 26.21%), elevated triglycerides (n=162, 37.24%), and diabetes (n=64, 14.71%). Physical inactivity was also significantly more common (53.56%, p=0.004) compared to those engaging in regular activity. Women-specific risk factors comprised miscarriage (n=191, 43.91%). Therapeutic preferences varied, with a majority opting for lifestyle modifications (n=263, 60.39%) and pharmacological interventions (n=331, 76.33%). Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive understanding of prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, distinctive women-specific contributors, and diverse therapeutic preferences, highlighting the importance of personalized and targeted interventions to optimize women's cardiovascular health outcomes in contemporary medicine.

Abstract P478: Short-Term Voluntary Exercise Significantly Influences the Diet-Induced Changes in Cecal Microbial Content in Male Mice

Two leading environmental factors that influence the overall health of humans are diet and physical exercise. However, it is still unclear how these factors influence health and disease susceptibility. Both diet and exercise have been shown to modulate the microbial flora that may significantly influence health and disease; however, it is unclear if diet modulates the effects of exercise on gut microflora. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how diet and exercise modulate the microbial content of the mouse cecum. Male, weanling, C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets ad libitum: standard laboratory chow, AIN93-G, and our novel Americanized diet (AD). Within each diet, mice were then assigned to a voluntary exercise regimen (wheel access, 16-hours per day, 3-days per week) or a control sedentary group (individually housed in cage without wheel for the same duration and frequency). After 2-weeks of exercise, mice were euthanized and cecal microbial content was determined by16S rDNA sequencing and RT-PCR for Firmicutes (FIRM), Bifidobacterium (GBIFD), Lactobacillus (LB) , and Bacteroides (BACT). Data were analyzed using GLM Procedures in SPSS with significance determined at P&lt;0.05. Pilot results found that diet, exercise, and their interaction significantly influenced FIRM expression. Mice fed the standard chow diet had the lowest expression of FIRM , which was significantly lower than mice fed AIN (P&lt;0.001) and AD (P=0.001). Exercise caused a significant decrease (P&lt;0.001) in FIRM presence, especially in mice fed AIN and AD. Diet and exercise also significantly influenced GBIFD , with mice fed AIN having significantly more GBIFD than mice fed chow and AD (P&lt;0.001 for both). Exercise also caused a significant reduction (P=0.016) in GBIFD , and a reduction in LB expression in mice fed chow and AD, but not AIN (P=0.03). The results of this study highlight how two key aspects of lifestyle, diet and exercise, independently and additively influence the gastrointestinal flora in a preclinical mouse model. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings and determine their physiological significance.