Life Difficulties Research Articles

Adversity quotient: A review of related literature

Adversity quotient is a measure that shows the ability of a person to face adversities or difficulties of life. It reflects a person’s capacity to adapt and grow in the midst of challenges and difficulties. The purpose of the current study is to examine the research on the adversity quotient that has been done in several fields, including business, education, and health. This study will help the future researcher to explore the concept of adversity quotient and that will be helpful in the field of psychology, education, management and health.

Siblings of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Psychosocial health, coping

PurposeThe literature widely reported the psychosocial toll of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on patients, though the family functioning of T1DM patients, particularly siblings, has traditionally obtained far less consideration. This study was framed to investigate the psychosocial adjustments of siblings of children with T1DM and to evaluate the frequencies and the perceived efficacy of coping strategies adopted by siblings. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study included parents (n = 100) and siblings (n = 100) of children with T1DM. Parents completed the following questionnaires: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Family Impact Module, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while siblings completed SDQ self-report and kidcope questionnaires. ResultsThirty-eight percent of siblings of children with T1DM reported significant emotional and behavioral problems related to HbA1c level, higher parenting stress, and worse family functioning (p < 0.05). Younger siblings considered social support and distraction the most effective coping strategies, while older siblings perceived adaptive coping as the most effective. Social support and problem-solving were found to be protective factors for better sibling adjustments; meanwhile, better family adjustments were related to social support and cognitive restructuring (p < 0.05). ConclusionsResults demonstrate that siblings of children with T1DM experienced psychosocial maladjustment. Sibling adjustments are family interrelated. Adaptive coping strategies may play a buffer role for siblings and family adjustment. Practice implicationsThe study highlights the need for comprehensive evaluations of family dynamics and sibling psychosocial functioning to provide appropriate family-centered care.

The Association Between the Selection and Effectiveness of Emotion-Regulation Strategies and Psychopathological Features: A Daily Life Study

Emotion dysregulation is central to psychopathological conditions, including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression. However, the nature of emotion-regulation (ER) difficulties in the daily life of people with BPD or depressive features is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to disentangle two different ER subprocesses in daily life, (a) selection of ER strategies and (b) the effectiveness of implementing strategies, in terms of their associations with subsequent emotional experience. We analyzed data from a three-wave, longitudinal, experience-sampling study of young adults with varying levels of psychopathological features ( N = 202). BPD features were uniquely linked to the use but not altered effectiveness of several putatively adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. Depressive features were uniquely associated with the use of putatively maladaptive strategies. These findings suggest that ER deficits in people with more BPD or depressive features may be primarily located in strategy selection rather than the implementation of those strategies.

Challenges of Families of Patients Hospitalized in the PICU: A Preplanned Secondary Analysis From the Navigate Dataset.

To describe challenges experienced by parents of children hospitalized in the PICU during PICU admission as reported by family navigators. A preplanned secondary analysis of open-response data coded via inductive qualitative approach from the Navigate randomized controlled trial (RCT) dataset (ID NCT02333396). Two university-affiliated PICUs in the Midwestern United States as part of an RCT. Two hundred twenty-four parents of 190 PICU patients. In 2015-2017, trained family navigators assessed and addressed parent needs, offered weekly family meetings, and provided post-PICU discharge parent check-ins as part of a study investigating the effectiveness of a communication support intervention ("PICU Supports"). We analyzed qualitative data recorded by family navigators weekly across 338 encounters. Navigators described families' "biggest challenge," "communication challenges," and ways the team could better support the family. We used an inductive qualitative coding approach and a modified member-checking exercise. The most common difficulties included home life , hospitalization , and diagnosis distress (45.2%, 29.0%, and 17.2% of families, respectively). Navigators often identified that parents had co-occurring challenges. Communication was identified as a "biggest challenge" for 8% of families. Communication challenges included lack of information, team communication , and communication quality (7.0%, 4.8%, and 4.8% of families, respectively). Suggestions for improving care included better medical communication, listening, rapport, and resources. This study describes families' experiences and challenges assessed throughout the PICU stay. Family navigators reported families frequently experience stressors both internal and external to the hospital environment, and communication challenges between families and providers may be additional sources of distress. Further research should develop and assess interventions aimed at improving provider-family communication and reducing stressors outside the hospitalization itself, such as home life difficulties.

Equality in Choosing a Partner to Build Household Harmony from Maqashid Syari'ah Perspective

The aims of this study are: First, to analyze equality in selecting partners from the maqasid shari'ah perspective. Second, analyze the equality of partners in building household harmony from the perspective of maqashid syari'ah. Research using the method of literature. Sources of data were obtained from books or legal materials related to Islamic family law and maqasid shari'ah. In analyzing these data, the writer used a descriptive research method. This study concludes: First, equality in the household in terms of the maqasid shari'ah aspect is in the context of creating comfort and peace of mind in living together in the household, maintaining selfrespect, getting offspring, working together in facing life's difficulties and exercising rights family rights. Islam has regulated that in choosing a partner one should pay attention to lineage, wealth, position, physique and religion. However, in choosing a partner, religion must be the main consideration. The goal is to maintain the strength of the lineage and to ensure the continuity and continuity of this noble lineage, especially with the orders of Allah SWT and His Messenger, equality must be given more attention, emphasized and maintained as best as possible. Second, the maqashid syari'ah of equality in building household harmony is in the context of creating comfort and tranquility in living together in the household, maintaining self-respect, having children, working together in facing life's difficulties and exercising family rights.

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.

Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.

The Potential of Chatbots for Emotional Support and Promoting Mental Well-Being in Different Cultures: Mixed Methods Study.

Artificial intelligence chatbot research has focused on technical advances in natural language processing and validating the effectiveness of human-machine conversations in specific settings. However, real-world chat data remain proprietary and unexplored despite their growing popularity, and new analyses of chatbot uses and their effects on mitigating negative moods are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated whether and how artificial intelligence chatbots facilitate the expression of user emotions, specifically sadness and depression. We also examined cultural differences in the expression of depressive moods among users in Western and Eastern countries. This study used SimSimi, a global open-domain social chatbot, to analyze 152,783 conversation utterances containing the terms "depress" and "sad" in 3 Western countries (Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 5 Eastern countries (Indonesia, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand). Study 1 reports new findings on the cultural differences in how people talk about depression and sadness to chatbots based on Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and n-gram analyses. In study 2, we classified chat conversations into predefined topics using semisupervised classification techniques to better understand the types of depressive moods prevalent in chats. We then identified the distinguishing features of chat-based depressive discourse data and the disparity between Eastern and Western users. Our data revealed intriguing cultural differences. Chatbot users in Eastern countries indicated stronger emotions about depression than users in Western countries (positive: P<.001; negative: P=.01); for example, Eastern users used more words associated with sadness (P=.01). However, Western users were more likely to share vulnerable topics such as mental health (P<.001), and this group also had a greater tendency to discuss sensitive topics such as swear words (P<.001) and death (P<.001). In addition, when talking to chatbots, people expressed their depressive moods differently than on other platforms. Users were more open to expressing emotional vulnerability related to depressive or sad moods to chatbots (74,045/148,590, 49.83%) than on social media (149/1978, 7.53%). Chatbot conversations tended not to broach topics that require social support from others, such as seeking advice on daily life difficulties, unlike on social media. However, chatbot users acted in anticipation of conversational agents that exhibit active listening skills and foster a safe space where they can openly share emotional states such as sadness or depression. The findings highlight the potential of chatbot-assisted mental health support, emphasizing the importance of continued technical and policy-wise efforts to improve chatbot interactions for those in need of emotional assistance. Our data indicate the possibility of chatbots providing helpful information about depressive moods, especially for users who have difficulty communicating emotions to other humans.

The Importance of Life Skills Education

The present paper focuses on the importance of life skills education and the benefits of imparting life skill education in our curriculum i.e. developing social, emotional &amp; thinking skills in students, as they are the important building blocks for a dynamic citizen, who can cope up with future challenges, and survive well. Adolescence is a period when the intellectual, physical, social, emotional and all the capabilities are very high, but, unfortunately, most of the adolescents are unable to utilize their potential to maximum due to various reasons. They face many emerging issues such as global warming, famines, poverty, suicide, population explosion as well as other issues like alcoholism, drug abuse, sexual abuse, smoking, juvenile delinquency, anti-social acts, etc. that have an adverse effect on them and others too, to a large extent. The cut-throat competition, unemployment, lack of job security, etc. are some of the major concerns for the educated and as a result, they are caught in the mad race. This new challenge requires immediate and effective responses from a socially responsible system of education. ‘Education’ is important, but education to support and live life better is more important. It has been felt that life skills education bridges the gap between basic functioning and capabilities. It strengthens the ability of an individual to meet the needs and demands of the present society and helps in dealing with the above issues in a manner to get desired behavior practical. Imparting life skill training through inculcating life skill education will help youth to overcome such difficulties in life.

Cognitive Complaints and Their Impact on Daily Life in Patients with Degenerative Cerebellar Disorders

Cognitive and affective sequelae of cerebellar disease are receiving increased attention, but their actual rate of occurrence remains unclear. Complaints may have a significant impact on patients, affecting social behavior and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the extent of subjective cognitive and affective symptoms in patients with degenerative ataxias in the Netherlands. An explorative study was set up in a heterogeneous group of degenerative ataxia patients. Self-reported cognition was evaluated in terms of executive functioning and affect (Dysexecutive Questionnaire/DEX), and memory/attention (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire/CFQ). The Daily Living Questionnaire (DLQ) was administered to quantify the impact on daily life. Furthermore, informants completed questionnaires to obtain insight into patients’ self-awareness and social cognition (Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale/OSCARS). This study shows that subjective complaints in the domains of (1) executive functioning and/or (2) memory and attention were reported by 29% of all patients (n = 24/84). In addition, more difficulties in daily life in terms of language/comprehension and community/participation were reported, and this was more common for patients with cognitive complaints than those without. Discrepancies between patients and informants about executive functioning were present in both directions. Deficits in social cognition were not identified at the group level, but more social-cognitive problems were observed in patients with more executive problems rated by informants. Taken together, our findings indicate that cognitive complaints are common in patients with degenerative cerebellar disorders and have an impact on daily life functioning. These results may help to increase awareness of cognitive symptoms and their impact in patients with cerebellar ataxia, their significant others, and professional caregivers.

Dietary Management in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness and Comorbid Diabetes: A Focused Ethnography Study.

Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are more likely to have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, studies that discuss the eating habits of patients with both T2DM and SMI are lacking. This study was designed to explore the beliefs and experiences of Taiwanese patients with SMI who also have T2DM. Fieldwork for this study included 2 years of participant observation and individual interviews with 13 patients with SMI. Data from transcripts of observational field notes and interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. The participants described their experiences and concerns regarding dietary management during the period after receiving their T2DM diagnosis. The results of the data analysis were distinguished into three categories, including (a) increased difficulty in life, (b) positive view of dietary control, and (c) inability to abide by dietary restrictions. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals should work to better understand the challenges faced by patients with SMI and T2DM in implementing changes and resisting the temptation to eat unhealthy food and provide suggestions tailored to their cultural background, lifestyle, and eating characteristics.

Misophonia, self-harm and suicidal ideation.

Misophonia is a sound sensitivity disorder characterized by an unusually strong aversion to a specific class of sounds-often human bodily sounds (e.g., chewing). These sounds can cause intense negative emotions which can cause profound difficulties in everyday life. The condition is linked with higher rates of anxiety and depression, and here we ask whether it co-occurs with elevated self-harm and suicidal thinking. We measured self-harm and misophonia in the general population by examining a birth cohort sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We screened them for misophonia as adults, then analyzed their earlier data on well-being, self-harm, and suicidal thinking. Adults with misophonia had significantly higher rates of self-harm and suicidal ideation, as well as poorer well-being in a number of different measures at ages 16-17 and 23-24 years. Female misophonics were particularly at risk, from as early as their teenage years, though males, too, show elevated self-harm at 24 years compared to nonmisophonic peers. Our data provide evidence of elevated risks of self-harm associated with misophonia and suggest the need for greater recognition and treatment pathways.

차별적 접촉요인과 자기통제력이 비행청소년의 도박문제에 미치는 영향

Gambling problem means that various aspects of an individual's life are negatively affected by gambling, and despite recognizing this, they cannot control their behavior or the desire to participate in gambling which also causes difficulties in life. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of differential association factors and self-control on the gambling problem of juvenile currently under probation.&#x0D; A survey was conducted on students under probation who visit probation offices across the country. 113 samples were used for analysis. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis, gender and age, the control variables input into model 1, did not have a statistically significant effect on gambling problems, but the experience of witnessing a friend's gambling act, a differential association factor input into model 2, had a statistically significant effect. It was found to have a positive (+) effect. Also the self-control added in Model 3 was found to have a negative (-) effect on gambling problems, but the effect of the experience of witnessing a friend's gambling act was disappeared. In other words, when controlling for other variables, it could be said that self-control has a negative (-) effect on the gambling problem of juvenile delinquents. Recommendations related to the results and the limitations and significance of this study were dealt in detail.

Live long – work long: social well-being of working pensioners

Based on the data from the &amp;amp;quot;Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE)&amp;amp;quot;, a dynamic analysis of indicators characterising the social well-being of working pensioners has been conducted for the years 1994 to 2022. The current trend in the dynamics of these indicators is characterised as weakly positive but with a potential for decline. It is shown that the current level of social well-being among working pensioners, which includes increased self-confidence and readiness to overcome life difficulties, contributes to maintaining the stability of their adaptive potential.&#x0D; Throughout the various stages of the transformational period, working pensioners who exhibited greater autonomy and had developed social capital consistently reported higher levels of social well-being compared not only to non-working pensioners but also to pre-pensioners who experienced growing anxiety due to the inevitable changes in social status and lifestyle upon retirement. The study did not find significant differences in the level of social well-being between working pensioners who retired after the increase in the retirement age and those who retired just before the pension reform.&#x0D; Substantial differentiation in the level of social well-being among representatives of the analysed category of pensioners, who are now found in almost all sectors and spheres of activity, is largely the result of their heterogeneous socio-economic status. Despite old age being a factor that increases social risks and vulnerability, working pensioners often overcome difficulties encountered during crises with fewer adaptation difficulties and costs than younger individuals. Key elements of social well-being that continue to play a consistently significant role in strengthening the adaptive potential of working pensioners include the fulfilment of the need for public recognition and social interaction, as well as self-assessment of health status. In the current socio-economic and demographic conditions, various aspects of the social adaptation of the older generation become particularly important, directly linked to the realisation of their resource potential and increased activity in the field of employment.

Features of adaptation of cadets of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the conditions of official activity

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of the adaptation of cadets of the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the conditions of official activity. Analysis of the results of the study led to the conclusion that the level of adaptation of first-year cadets differs from the level of adaptation of fourth-year cadets. It was revealed that the adaptive potential of the fourth-year cadets is above average, in the first - below average, which indicates that for the latter, the training period is one of the most difficult and difficult periods in life. It was determined that the level of aggressiveness and hostility among first-year cadets is also at a high level, and the state of health is unfavorable. Fourth-year cadets, unlike first-year students, have a favorable state of health, are able to adequately assess the situation when faced with various life difficulties, since by the end of training they have developed skills to resist stress and resistance to various life situations.

За Исак Паси и неговите недоброжелатели

At certain points in his scientific career prof. Isaac Passy was ideologically stigmatized by his unsympathetic colleagues. As a result, he experienced great difficulties in life and in his career, was attacked ideologically through written accusations of ideological sins (idealism, subjectivism, revisionism), and suffered political suspicions about his belief in Marxian reflection theory. To all these accusations I. Passy responded with tireless work, with numerous scientific publications, with writing prefaces to the works of great European thinkers and philosophers, with giving public lectures open not only for students but also for citizens. His detractors, in the end, failed to break this extremely erudite scholar and widely known and recognized Bulgarian intellectual. With his scientific achievements, Isaac Passy won for himself a reserved place in the Bulgarian cultural scene of twentieth century.

Conceptual model of the product development process using the tacit knowledge of disables

Knowledge management (KM) in an organization has always been an important element of creating its value and ensuring its development. Economic entities and market organizations that strive to ensure a competitive advantage must care for the best use of their knowledge, both explicit and tacit. Tacit knowledge may constitute up to 80% of all knowledge accumulated in an organization, but its nature is much less accessible to codification. The aim of the conducted research is to present a conceptual model of product development for the disabled, which assumes the functioning of the value network (VN) based on information technologies (IT). These people are the best source of knowledge necessary to formulate the framework defining the parameters of the developed product. The presented model considers the specific requirements of a given social group, which is characterized by a large dispersion and diverse needs. This is the biggest obstacle to extracting the knowledge necessary in the design and testing process. The article is an introduction to the discussion on the acquisition of tacit knowledge for personalization and adaptation of products to the needs of a given social group. The research into the conceptual model is the initial stage of research work that focuses on the analysis of literature and the creation of the concept of tacit knowledge management in the product development model based on the value network. The management of dispersed tacit knowledge is to systematize specific information in the field of product adaptation to the needs of the disabled. The concept of using tacit knowledge is always a challenge in the organization's knowledge management. The disabled often face difficulties in everyday life. Especially in the current situation in Ukraine, where military operations lead to an increase in the number of injured people for whom later adaptation in society will require appropriate knowledge and resources managed within the value network.

The effect of surgery and hormone therapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of surgery type and hormone therapy on the general quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. As data collection tools in the research, a form stating the demographic and clinical features was used in the first part, and in the second part, "EORTC QLQ-C30" developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and "EORTC QLQ-BR23" Turkish quality of life forms specific to breast cancer were used. The patients were asked to fill in the questionnaire forms on the first day, the last day of radiotherapy and three months after the end of the treatment. Mean age of this study was 54.8 ± 12.1 years. In the questionnaires made on the first day, last day and three months after radiotherapy, the highest score according to the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale was in social and cognitive function, and in sexual life on the EORTC QLQ-BR23 scale. According to multiple comparison test and comparing the first day of radiotherapy and three months after radiotherapy, there was a significant difference in patients' physical function average (p= 0.049), future expectation (p= 0.033), sexual life (p= 0.029), sexual satisfaction (p <0.001), and hair loss (p= 0.011), and arm related problems (p <0.001). According to the analysis of variance in repeated measurements, physical function, sexual life, side effects, hair loss, dyspnea, and future expectation were statistically significant according to the type of surgery, and for hormone therapy, sexual life, hair loss, constipation and financial difficulty were found statistically significant. It was observed that other than radiotherapy, hormone therapy and surgical techniques were also effective on the quality of life in patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer.

A REVIEW ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH AYURVEDIC LIFESTYLE

Ayurveda is a comprehensive, unique science that encompasses all aspects of health. Ayurveda affirms health can be attained only if all the physiological parameters are in equilibrium with a healthy mind, intellect and senses. Mental health is an integral part of Ayurveda. Emotional intelligence curtains a big part of human intelligence that exteriorise the ability to sense, value and understand efficaciously, to effectively apply the power of emotions as a source of human energy. Emotional intelligence is tied to cognition and emotional balance in life. An imbalance in the emotional state can create difficulties in people's social and individual lives and is the primary etio-pathological reason for many mental and physical disorders. Ayurveda has a beautiful insight into dealing with the causes and solutions to find how we can curtail these disorders and make our lives happy. The theory of prakriti is the core concept of Ayurveda that describes the individual constitution on a mental and physical basis. It is an indicator of the physical and psychological status of a person. Ayurveda provides an exquisite and insightful perspective on the mind and the art of fostering its health through manas prakriti (mental constitution) analysis. Ayurveda annotates the balance of health and well-being by numerous means using herbs and lifestyle management tips (Achara rasayana, dincharya, ritucharya and sadvritta). The paper highlights the concept of manas prakriti about emotional intelligence and the role of Ayurveda in curing emotional intelligence-related issues.

Examining the association between exposure to major stressful life events and non-suicidal self-injury

Experiencing major stressful life events (SLEs) may contribute to risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Prior research has established that a higher number of SLEs is linked with more frequent NSSI episodes among young adults. However, life stress is typically assessed with checklist approaches; these methods introduce frequent idiosyncratic misinterpretations of stress categories (e.g., major illness). Coupled with the unclear boundary of what constitutes SLEs, relying on participants’ subjective appraisals of stress severity attenuates validity. Specifically, individuals with a history of NSSI may have certain cognitive characteristics that contribute to an over-appraisal of event severity. Interview-based, contextual life stress systems overcome these limitations by having third-party raters blind to participant characteristics determine stress severity based on a standardized set of circumstances. Accordingly, this study used the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule 2 (LEDS-II), which is a gold-standard, semi-structured life stress interview and rating system. Specifically, we focused on the cumulative severity of episodic stressors (i.e., SLEs whose major features occur within a 2-week period). In preliminary analyses of 53 participants (Mage= 20.17, SDage= 2.51), cumulative stress severity (M =2.96, SD =3.20) was not significantly associated with the number of NSSI episodes participants reported in the past year (M = 22.75, SD = 67.46), r(53) = .13 p = .370. Data collection is ongoing, and we anticipate adding 30 participants (total n=83) to the analyses. Current findings do not align with previous literature on the association between SLEs and NSSI. However, they provide a methodological foundation for how to improve future research on SLEs and NSSI in young adults through the application of gold-standard life stress measures.

GÊNEROS LITERÁRIOS E O USO DA LINGUAGEM NO COMBATE AO ANALFABETISMO FUNCIONAL EDUCAÇÃO PÓS-PANDEMIA E OS SEUS DESAFIOS

The present study seeks to investigate functional illiteracy, which arises in a wide variety of contexts, as well as to investigate possible impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the literacy of children in Brazilian schools. Emphasizing the other existing problems, verifying strategies taken for the continuity of teaching and observing the existence of possible consequences of this new condition, through data collected through the SAEB (Basic Education Assessment System), which it showed inability to perform basic skills, such as writing, interpreting and paraphrasing texts, in addition to performing mathematical calculations. It also shows some existing difficulties in the adult life of the cited functional illiterates