Life Physical Activity Research Articles

Investigation of Life Expectancy in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men in Iran And Its Related Factors

Today, increasing life expectancy and years of life without disease is one of the most important issues in health. The aim of this study was to Investigation of Life Expectancy in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men in Iran and its related factors. 424 men aged over 60 years were randomly assigned to different areas of Tehran participated in the study. First, the subjects' body composition and anthropometric indices, including weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured using Omron's digital scale and tape measure. In order to assess the level of life expectancy, physical activity and nutritional status, Snyder’s Questionnaire of Hope, Physical activity scale for elderly (PASE) and Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) were used, respectively. For statistical analysis software SPSS version 21 was used. The results of statistical analysis of the data showed a direct relationship between the level of education, nutritional status and physical activity and the inverse and significant relationship between comorbidity with life expectancy. According to the findings of this study, the use of strategies to increase the level of physical activity and healthy lifestyle in the elderly plays an effective role in the health of the elderly and increase life expectancy.

Preoperative physical activity has a protective effect against postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery

Physical activity level and fitness condition seem to be related with pulmonary surgical risk in thoracic and cardiac surgeries; however, in abdominal surgery this relation is not clear. Objective: To compare the physical activity level in daily life and during hospitalization before surgery between patients who developed and did not develop postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after abdominal surgery and to relate to this outcome. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 191 hospitalized candidates (52 ± 14yrs; BMI = 29 ± 11 kg/m2) for upper abdominal surgery. Two different tools related to two distinct moments were used to assess preoperatively the physical activity level. First, to assess life physical activity level, the questionnaire Human Activity Profile (HAP) was administered for all patients. During hospitalization, the accelerometry was performed during 4 consecutive days to assess the time in activity. In addition, lung function, muscle strength and resting energy expenditure were assessed. PPC (pneumonia, atelectasis or severe hypoxemia) were checked until discharge. Multivariate analyses were used. Results: 92% of patients were classified as moderately to physically active in daily life. During hospitalization, patients were inactive during 90% ± 5% of time. There was no association with HAP score and acelerometry. 10.5% of patients developed PPC. Being physically active in daily life and during hospitalization have a protective effect against PPC. Our results show that the physical activity behavior in hospital do not reflect the daily life even in patients not restricted to bed and on preoperative period, patients physically actives on daily life and during hospitalization present less chance to develop PPC after abdominal surgery.Keywords: surgery, physical activity, postoperative complication, pneumonia, accelerometry, hospitalization.

Hormonal Function Responses to Moderate Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults with Depression.

BackgroundPoor daily life physical activities among older people were related to depressive mood especially memory loss. In addition to that, the change in physical ability is significantly associated with the score of depression among older age.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic training program with moderate intensity for 12 weeks on mood profiles and hormonal levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) of older adults.MethodsA total of 80 individuals of both gender (90 males, 110 females) of ages ranged between 65 and 95 years were recruited for this study. Based upon the profile of mood states (POMS) analysis, the participants were classified into two groups: control group (n=30) and depressive group (n=50). Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), adrenal hormones such as ACTH, corticosterone (CORT), cortisol, DHEA/S, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio were measured at baseline and post-intervention of moderate aerobic exercise for 12 weeks.ResultsOlder adults with higher depressive scores showed a remarkable change in the level of adrenal hormones compared to control. There was a significant increase in the level of ACTH, CORT, cortisol, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio, and decrease in DHEA/S. Compared to females, males showed an improvement in depressive mood score along with an increase in LPTA, DHEA/S and decrease in ACTH, CORT, cortisol, cortisol:DHEA/S ratio following 12 weeks of supervised aerobic training, respectively.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that 12 weeks of supervised exercise interventions are promising non-drug therapeutic strategies in improving depression among older adults. The potential performance in a psychological state occurs physiologically via optimizing the levels of the hormones of the HPA axis.

Cohabiting and becoming a parent: associations with changes in physical activity in the 1970 British cohort study

BackgroundWe examined the association between family–related life events (cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) and change in physical activity.MethodsLongitudinal data (n = 8045) from the 1970 British Cohort Study (30 and 34 years) were included. Life events (beginning cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) were reported and coded: 0 no, 1 yes, for each event occurring between 30 and 34 years. Participants reported frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity at 30 and 34 years (Likert scale: mean change calculated ranging between − 4 and 4). Linear regression models were used to examine the association between life events and physical activity change (comparing individuals experiencing events between 30 and 34 years versus never experiencing the event - excluding participants that experienced previous events – with a final analysis sample of n = 3833 in parenthood analysis; n = 1137 in cohabitation analysis). Interaction terms were used to analyse combined parenthood and cohabitation status. Analyses were adjusted for level of education achieved, ethnicity, country of origin and other life events. ANCOVA was used to examine associations between change in physical activity and child age.ResultsCompared to remaining without children, becoming a parent was associated with a greater reduction in physical activity among men [β:-0.234(95%CI:-0.396 to − 0.072)] but not women [0.126(− 0.048;0.301)]. No associations were found between cohabitation and physical activity. Men who became fathers both while cohabitating [− 0.201(− 0.383;-0.020)] and without cohabiting [− 0.937(− 1.623;-0.250)] experienced greater physical activity declines than those remaining single and without children; the decline was greatest among non-cohabiting fathers. These associations did not differ by child age.ConclusionsParenthood appears to differentially impact physical activity for men and women; this association also differs by cohabitation status. Parenthood appears to be most detrimental to physical activity levels among men. Interventions for physical activity could target new or soon-to-be parents, especially fathers. Further analyses with device-measured physical activity data would be valuable to advance understanding of these associations.

Physical activity during COVID-19 quarantine.

The World Health Organization recommends that children and adolescents aged 5-17 should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity a day. Physical activity is defined as bodily movement performed by skeletal muscles that demand energy expenditure. The physical benefits of this include musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health, a healthy body weight and neuromuscular awareness, for coordination and controlling movement. The psychological benefits include managing anxiety and building self-esteem, which are both important for children's psycho-social development (1).

Relationship between change in physical activity and in clinical status in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A prospective cohort study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in clinical status on daily life physical activity (PA) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). MethodsPatients with dermatomyositis (DM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) or overlap myositis (OM) who presented either a new-onset or relapsing IIM, stable disease on maintenance therapy or were undergoing immunosuppressant tapering were included. Patients were evaluated at inclusion (V0), and at two follow-up visits (V1, 94±12 days from V0; V2, 96±17 days from V1). The American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) response criteria was recorded. PA assessed using 14-days raw accelerometry data gathered using a wrist-worn accelerometer after each visit (mean daily Euclidean norm minus 1 g (ENMO) was computed). ResultsFifty-five patients (16 OM, 27 IMNM and 12 DM) were included. At baseline, 67% of patients had an ENMO Z-score less than 1. At inclusion, ENMO mainly correlated with health assessment questionnaire score (HAQ, ρ=-0.51, p<0.01), manual muscle testing 8 (MMT8, ρ=0.42, p<0.01), creatinine level (ρ=0.41, p<0.01), and SF-36 physical functioning score (ρ=0.38, p<0.002). At follow-up, ENMO changes mainly correlated with changes in MMT8, HAQ, SF-36 fatigue, and depression score (all ρ>0.43, all p<0.001). Level of agreement between ACR/EULAR response criteria and changes in PA was 15, 45, and 90% for minimal (n = 13), moderate (n = 20), and major (n = 10) improvements, respectively. ConclusionBaseline PA levels and change in PA correlated with muscle strength and function, yet changes in PA were also influenced by psychological status. Only patients with major improvements on the ACR/EULAR criteria had significant increase in PA. Accelerometer may serve as an objective tool to define a clinically relevant real-life outcome.

Active Women over 50 online information and support to promote physical activity behaviour change: study protocol for a pilot trial

BackgroundPhysical activity has many physical and mental health benefits and can delay the development of disability in older age. However, uptake of this health behaviour is sub-optimal in women in their middle and older age. This trial aims to establish the acceptability and feasibility of the Active Women over 50 programme involving online information, telephone health coaching and email or SMS support to promote physical activity behaviour change among women aged 50 years and over.MethodsSixty community-dwelling women who are insufficiently active according to national guidelines, will be recruited and randomised to 1) receive the Active Women over 50 programme or 2) a wait-list control. Active Women over 50 is a 3-month physical activity programme guided by behaviour change science, providing access to a website, one telephone-delivered health coaching session from a physiotherapist and 8 email or 24 SMS messages. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants at 3 months post-randomisation who would recommend participation in the programme to another person like themselves. Secondary outcomes are feasibility measures: rates of recruitment, retention, completeness of outcome data and uptake of telephone support; and intervention impact measures: accelerometer-assessed average steps/day, proportion of participants meeting national guidelines on moderate to vigorous physical activity; and questionnaire-assessed quality of life, exercise perceptions, mood, physical functioning and self-reported physical activity. Intervention participants will also complete a follow-up survey to assess impressions of the intervention and adoption of strategies for physical activity participation. Data will be analysed descriptively to guide the design of a larger trial. Between-group differences in secondary outcomes will be used to estimate effect sizes for sample size calculations for a fully powered randomised controlled trial.DiscussionThis feasibility pilot trial of an efficient eHealth and health coaching intervention guided by user input and behaviour change theory, will inform future interventions to address low physical activity participation among an under-active group at risk of future disability.Trial registrationANZCTR, ACTRN12619000490178, registered 26 March 2019

Getting up close with Taoist: Chinese perspectives on physical literacy

This article argues that ancient Chinese Tao (“The Way”) philosophy—which can be traced back more than two thousand years—can explain the essence and philosophy of physical literacy. The motivation, confidence, physical competence, and knowledge and understanding that are needed to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life are used as a framework to apply to Tao philosophy. This article intends to provide an Eastern perspective (the Taoist approach to physical literacy), open up dialogue for further clarification, and offer insight into a wider range of the contemporary perceptions of physical literacy.

Associations Among Self-reported Physical Activity, Coronary Artery Calcium Scores, and Mortality Risk in Older Adults.

ObjectiveTo assess whether self-reported physical activity during daily life reduces the mortality risk associated with atherosclerotic burden, as measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning.MethodsWe assessed 2318 patients aged 65 to 84 years who underwent CAC scanning from August 31, 1998, through November 16, 2016, and had daily life physical activity assessed by a single-item question that was used to divide patients by low, moderate, and high physical activity levels. Patients were followed for a mean ± SD of 10.6±4.9 years for the occurrence of all-cause mortality.ResultsThe results indicated a graded relationship between the magnitude of CAC abnormality and mortality and an inverse relationship between physical activity and mortality. Of patients with low CAC scores (0-99), those with low, moderate, and high physical activity levels had similarly low mortality rates. Of patients with high CAC scores (≥400), however, there was a stepwise increase in mortality with decreasing physical activity. Patients with CAC scores of 400 or greater but reporting high physical activity had a mortality rate that was similar vs that observed in patients with CAC scores of only 0 to 99 and low physical activity (19.9 vs 16.3 per 1000 person-years; P=.60).ConclusionCombining CAC score with self-reported physical activity level provides a synergistic means for predicting clinical risk in older patients, with high physical activity level substantially attenuating the mortality risk associated with elevated CAC scores. Moreover, the useful prognostic information afforded by just a single-item physical activity questionnaire supports current initiatives to make such assessments into a “fifth vital sign.”

PARCIV: Recognizing physical activities having complex interclass variations using semantic data of smartphone

SummarySmartphones are equipped with precise hardware sensors including accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. These devices provide real‐time semantic data that can be used to recognize daily life physical activities for personalized smart health assessment. Existing studies focus on the recognition of simple physical activities but they lacked in providing accurate recognition of physical activities having complex interclass variations. Therefore, this research focuses on the accurate recognition of physical activities having complex interclass variations. We propose a two‐layered approach called PARCIVthat first clusters similar activities based on semantic data and then recognize them using a machine learning classifier. Our two‐layered approach first bounds the highly indistinguishable activities in clusters to avoid misclassification with other distinguishable activities and thereafter recognize them on a fine‐grained level within each cluster. To evaluate our approach, we make an android application that collects labeled data by using smartphone sensors from 10 participants, while performing activities. PARCIV recognizes distinguishable as well as indistinguishable activities with high accuracy of 99% on the self‐collected dataset. Furthermore, PARCIV achieve 95% accuracy on the publicly available dataset used by state‐of‐the‐art studies. PARCIVoutperforms various state‐of‐the‐art studies by 8%‐17% for simple activities as well as complex activities.

Quality of Life with Respect to Physical Activity Level in the Unemployed

Sustainable development is related to the quality of life of individuals and societies. The unemployed have limited opportunities for sustainable individual development. Their life quality conditions remain unclear. The study aim was to assess the relationship between life quality and physical activity level of the unemployed. The research was performed in 2014 and 2015 in Wrocław, Poland, among 403 unemployed persons. The participants’ quality of life was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Most respondents evaluated their general life quality as ≤3 points in the scale of 1–5. The assessments were highest in the social and psychological domains and lowest in the physical and environmental domains. Significant relationships were observed between general life quality and physical activity level. Subjects with the minimum physical activity level recommended by WHO presented higher life quality assessments in the psychological and social domains. Unemployed people with physical activity levels optimal for health benefit evaluated their life quality in the psychological domain worse than people with physical activity below WHO recommendations. Comprehensive health programs should be addressed to the unemployed, including systematic physical activities as health training, which would improve their life quality and promote sustainable individual development.

The effect of weight loss and exercise on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) following Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies (EBT) for obesity

IntroductionEndoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT) have demonstrated to induce weight loss and improve comorbidities in obese patients. However, little is known about its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes and physical activity status. This study aimed to evaluate the change in HRQOL and physical activity following EBT induced weight loss in obese patients.MethodsWe approached 181 patients who underwent EBT in a standardized multidisciplinary follow-up program to participate in the study. We provided them two questionnaires-a) Short Form-36 health survey with the physical (PSC) and mental (MSC) summary component scores to capture generic HRQOL, and b) international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity (PA). We administered the survey at baseline and at 9 months post-procedure. We expressed the procedure outcome as percentage total body weight loss (%TBWL). We expressed continuous variables as mean (SD) or median and categorical variables as percentages. We used non-parametric tests for comparison and performed multivariable linear regression analysis to identify factors associated with improvement in HRQOL.ResultsThe mean age was 42.2 (11.3) years, and the mean BMI was 38 (5.9)kg/m2. A majority of them were female (n-132, 73%). The EBT included intragastric balloons (n-136, 75%) and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (n-24, 25%). The mean %TBWL achieved after the intervention was 16.9 (9.7)%. We noticed a significant improvement in the median PSC (77.8 vs. 90.4, p < 0.001) and MSC (67 vs. 80.2, p < 0.001) scores after EBT. Similarly, we observed a significant positive change in physical activity compared to baseline (1606.2 vs. 2749 MET-minutes/week, p = < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed an increase in %TBWL was associated with significant improvement in PSC (β = 0.193, p = 0.003) and MSC (β = 0.166, p = 0.02) scores of HRQOL, and likewise, increase in PA was independently associated with improvement in MSC (β = 0.192, p = 0.01). We did not find any difference in outcome based on gender or the type of intervention.ConclusionEBT improves HRQOL in obese patients regardless of the type of intervention. The weight loss induced by EBT and the improvement in PA positively influence the health outcomes and quality of life.

생활체육 활동 참여 노인의 신체적 자기개념이 회복 탄력성 및 우울감에 미치는 영향

This study was designed to research 441 elderly people over 65-year old who took part in life physical activities from 10 sports centers and elderly sports facilities and sports activity clubs located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do from November to December, 2019 in order to investigate relations between physical self-description and resilience and depression of the elderly who participate in life sports. Afterwards, the study concluded it as follows. First, it found that physical self-description had a significant effect on resilience. Second, it turned out that it also significantly affected depression. Then, third, it showed that the resilience significantly impacted depression. Based on the above research results, the study demonstrated that improvement of physical self-description by a participation in life spots in later life importantly determined to enhance resilience and reduce depression. Therefore, it would require an effort to recognize the importance of the elderly’s life sports participation to increase self-description. This results in a higher level of resilience and largely helps development of an ability to overcome depression by themselves.

Long-Term Financial, Psychosocial, and Overall Health-Related Quality of Life After Living Liver Donation

BackgroundTo assess the impact of living liver donation (LD) in a diverse and aging population up to 20 y after donation, particularly with regard to medical, financial, psychosocial, and overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL). MethodsPatients undergoing LD between 1999 and 2009 were recruited to respond to the Short-Form 36 and a novel Donor Quality of Life Survey at two time points (2010 and 2018). ResultsSixty-eight living liver donors (LLDs) completed validated surveys, with a mean follow-up of 11.5 ± 5.1 y. Per Donor Quality of Life Survey data, physical activity or strength was not impacted by LD in most patients. All respondents returned to school or employment, and 82.4% reported that LD had no impact on school or work performance. LD did not impact health insurability in 95.6% of donors, and only one patient experienced difficulty obtaining life insurance. Overall, 97.1% of respondents did not regret LD. Short-Form 36 survey–measured outcomes were similar between LLDs and the general U.S. population. LLDs who responded in both 2010 and 2018 were followed for an overall average of 15.4 ± 2.4 y and HRQOL outcomes in these donors also remained statistically equivalent to U.S. population norms. ConclusionsThis study represents the longest postdonation follow-up and offers unique insight related to HRQOL in a highly diverse patient population. Although LLDs continue to maintain excellent HRQOL outcomes up to 20 y after donation, continued lifetime follow-up is required to accurately provide young, healthy potential donors with an accurate description of the risks that they may incur on aging.

Wellbeing Programs from the Perspective of Age: What Should Attract Our Attention? “Age Power” Test Results

The article presents test results and conclusions drawn on the basis of tests relating to activities connected with wellbeing program design performed on 2,342 corporate employees. It shows various spheres of life—physical activity, nutrition, sleep and rest, emotions, a sense of meaning and purpose as well as the ability to concentrate—and how employees of different ages handle them. It presents employee strengths in how they care for their wellbeing balance and fields that need support.

The Role of Nomophobia and Smartphone Addiction in the Lifestyle Profiles of Junior and Senior High School Students in the Philippines

Objectives: Nowadays, adolescents spend a lot of their time on smartphones. They find it difficult to go about their daily lives without using their smartphones. Losing a mobile phone or Wi-Fi connection can be distressing to anyone. This study examined the prevalence of nomophobia and smartphone addiction among Filipino adolescents and investigated their association with adolescent lifestyle profiles (ALPs). Furthermore, this study examined gender and grade (i.e., junior vs. senior high school students) differences in nomophobia, smartphone addiction, and ALPs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted. Using an online survey (i.e., created using Google Forms), data were collected from 1,447 (boys: n = 580, girls: n = 867) junior and senior high school students in the Philippines during the academic year 2018–2019. The Nomophobia Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2 were used to measure nomophobia, smartphone addiction, and lifestyle profiles, respectively. Results: Only 0.5% (n = 7) of the participants (N = 1,447) did not have nomophobia. In contrast, 12.4% (n = 180), 63.2% (n = 915), and 23.8% (n = 345) of them had mild, moderate, and severe nomophobia, respectively. Moreover, 62.6% (n = 906) of the participants had smartphone addiction. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that nomophobia and smartphone addiction were positively intercorrelated (r = .615; p .05). However, positive life perspective and interpersonal relationship were significantly and negatively related to smartphone addiction. Both nomophobia and smartphone addiction were significant predictors of ALPs. Furthermore, there were significant gender differences in nomophobia and ALPs but not in smartphone addiction. Moreover, there was no significant grade difference in nomophobia, smartphone addiction, and overall ALPs. There was a significant difference in smartphone addiction and overall ALPs between the four nomophobia groups. Finally, those with and without smartphone addiction differed significantly in overall nomophobia, but not in overall ALPs. Conclusions: The role of nomophobia and smartphone addiction in ALPs were evident within the following subdomains: positive life perspective, health responsibility, physical activity, interpersonal relationship, nutrition, stress management, and spiritual health. Therefore, rules governing smartphone use should be enforced at home and in schools. Further, preventive measures should be implemented to avoid the exacerbation of nomophobia and smartphone addiction and promote a healthy lifestyle among adolescents.

Cardiac Functions &amp; Lipid Profile In Obese Children &amp; Adolescents

Background: Obesity is a disease which results from genetic or lifestyle factors. Such diseases are called Non communicable diseases. The epidemic of obesity among youth is spreading at an alarming rate due to lack of physical activity, dietary habits. The percentage of youths who are at risk of becoming overweight continues to increase. National data indicates that 16% of children aged six to nineteen years are overweight.(1) Considering the high prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents and its associated cardiovascular complications like hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased left ventricular mass, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, the present study was planned to assess cardiac functions and lipid profile in obese children and adolescents. Early detection and intervention can help in reducing the complications associated with obesity. Objective: Primary objective is to assess cardiac functions and lipid profile in obese children and adolescents. Methodology: 100 obese children and adolescents in the age group 6-18 years were taken after excluding obese children with evidence of endocrine disease, malformation syndromes and iatrogenic obesity (drug treatments). Results: In the present study 7% subjects were hypertensive while 8% were prehypertensive. 71.43% children with hypertension were performing physical activity for &lt; 30 min in 1-3 days/week while 49.11% normotensive children were performing physical activity for &gt; 30 min per day. 3% obese children were having abnormal LVEF on 2DECHO .All the 3 obese children with abnormal LVEF were having physical activity less than 30 min in 1-3 days /week and the difference was statistically significant. All the three children with abnormal LVEF were hypertensive and the difference was statistically significant. 6% children were having raised serum cholesterol &gt;190mg/dl. Serum triglyceride &gt;150mg/dl was observed in 17% obese children. HDL level &lt;20mg/dl was observed in 7% children while LDL above 130mg/dl was observed in 6% children. The proportion among male and female children was comparable. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications of adulthood in obese children and adolescents may be prevented by early identification and intervention in the form of healthy life style, dietary intake and physical activity.

Trajectories of physical activity, from young adulthood to older adulthood, and pancreatic cancer risk; a population-based case-control study in Ontario, Canada

BackgroundThere is inconsistent evidence on the association between physical activity and pancreatic cancer risk and few studies have investigated early life or life-course physical activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between trajectories of physical activity across the life-course and pancreatic cancer risk.MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted (2011–2013) using cases (n = 315) from the Ontario Pancreas Cancer Study and controls (n = 1254) from the Ontario Cancer Risk Factor Study. Self-reported recall of moderate and vigorous physical activity was measured at three time points: young adulthood (20s–30s), mid-adulthood (40s–50s) and older-adulthood (1 year prior to questionnaire completion). Physical activity trajectories were identified using latent class analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates: age, sex, race, alcohol, smoking, vegetable, fruit and meat consumption, and family history of pancreatic cancer.ResultsSix life-course physical activity trajectories were identified: inactive at all ages (41.2%), low activity at all ages (31.9%), increasingly active (3.6%), high activity in young adulthood with substantial decrease (13.0%), high activity in young adulthood with slight decrease (5.0%), and persistent high activity (5.3%). Compared to the inactive at all ages trajectory, the associations between each trajectory and pancreatic cancer after confounder adjustment were: low activity at all ages (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.66), increasingly active (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.56, 2.21), high activity in young adulthood with substantial decrease in older adulthood (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.23), high activity in young adulthood with slight decrease in older adulthood (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.53), and persistently high activity (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.86, 2.62). When time periods were evaluated separately, the OR for the association between high moderate activity in the 20s–30s and pancreatic cancer was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.25) and some sex differences were observed.ConclusionDistinct life-course physical activity trajectories were identified, but there was no evidence that any of the trajectories were associated with pancreatic cancer. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand the associations between physical activity trajectories over the life-course and pancreatic cancer risk.

Abstract P5-12-09: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during one year of adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early stage androgen receptor positive (AR+) triple negative breast cancer

Abstract BACKGROUND: A subset of TNBC expresses a luminal signature and demonstrates AR-dependence. Enzalutamide (ENZA), an AR-antagonist, has activity with metastatic AR+ TNBC, with a clinical benefit rate of 33% (Traina et al, JCO 2018). We recently demonstrated that one year (y) of adjuvant ENZA is feasible in early stage, AR+ TNBC, with no new safety signals observed (Traina ASCO 2019). Fatigue was the most common, treatment (tx)-related, adverse event of any grade according to investigator assessment (24%). Here we report per-protocol planned secondary analyses of PROs during one year of ENZA including quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and self-reported physical activity (NCT02750358). METHODS: Eligible patients have Stage I-III, ER/PR &amp;lt;1%, HER2(-), AR ≥1% breast cancer and completed all planned standard of care surgery, chemotherapy and radiation within 6 months of study start. Tx = ENZA 160mg orally daily for 1y with the option to extend tx to 2y as per patient preference. Clinician-reported toxicities (NCI CTCAEv4) were assessed every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, then every 3 months. Total study N=50 patients. PROs were assessed every 12 weeks. We examined serial changes in overall QoL (functional assessment of cancer therapy – breast (FACT-B), fatigue (FACIT-fatigue) and exercise behavior (total exercise minutes/week over past 7 days) from pre-treatment and every 3 months thereafter until month 12. All analyses are exploratory and consist of descriptive summaries. RESULTS: Between 5/2016 and 6/2018, 50 patients were enrolled. As of 6/27/19, 34 patients completed 1y of ENZA; 15 patients are off tx: recurrence (3), toxicity (5), nonadherence (4), and consent withdrawal (3). Patients evaluable for PRO (N): baseline (50), 12 weeks (43) and 52 weeks (34). Median scores on FACT-B and fatigue scales remained stable over the course of adjuvant ENZA in the 1st year of therapy (Table). Self-reported exercise increased during this period. Table. Median scores (range) for PROs during 1 year of adjuvant ENZATime PointBaselineWeek 12Week 52FACT-G88.0 (53.5-105.0)82.0 (36.4-105.0)89.5 (58.0-105.0)Breast Cancer Subscale28.5 (15.6-39.0)29.0 (9.0-40.0)29.0 (19.0-40.0)Total118.0 (77.0-141.0)111.0 (45.4-145.0)121.0 (83.0-145.0)FACT-B trial outcome index73.0 (43.0-92.0)73.0 (25.7-96.0)76.9 (51.0-96.0)FACIT43.0 (17.0-52.0)39.0 (10.0-52.0)43.0 (11.0-52.0)Total Exercise (min/week)120 (0-1260)152 (0-3120)180 (0-2580) CONCLUSIONS: Patient reported outcomes of health related QOL remain stable when ENZA is administered for 1 year in the adjuvant setting. Self-reported time spent engaged in physical exercise increased numerically during 1y of therapy. During presentation, additional analyses will be reported including QOL at additional time points, relationship of FACT-B score with FACIT fatigue score and exercise, and QOL changes in relation to relative dose intensity of ENZA, toxicity and off study reason. Citation Format: Tiffany A Traina, Lee W Jones, Victoria Blinder, Jessica Scott, Leigh Ann Boyle, Artavazd Arumov, Tina Alano, Sujata Patil, Patricia DeFusco, Nicholas Lamparella, Mark Robson, Ayca Gucalp. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during one year of adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early stage androgen receptor positive (AR+) triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-09.

The times we are born into and our lifestyle choices determine our health trajectories in older age - Results from the KORA -Age study

Health projections often extrapolate from observations in current ageing cohorts, but health in older age may depend not only on individual characteristics but also on a person's historical context. Our objective was to investigate how health deficit accumulation trajectories after age 65 differed in five adjacent birth cohorts and according to individual life course characteristics.Data originate from the 2008/09 KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg)-Age cohort study from Southern Germany and their 2012 and 2016 follow-ups. Deficit accumulation was assessed using a Frailty Index. The effects of birth cohort membership and individual life course characteristics on deficit accumulation trajectories were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.Out of 2701 participants (49% male) from five birth cohorts (1919–23, 1924–28, 1929–33, 1934–38, 1939–43), we included 2512 individuals with 5560 observations. Frailty Index levels were higher for women, smokers, alcohol abstainers, obese participants and persons with a sedentary lifestyle or living below the poverty threshold. We found higher age-specific Frailty Index levels for the two most recent birth cohorts (e.g. 61%, CI: [13%; 130%] for the 1934–38 as compared to the 1919–23 cohort), but the rate of deficit accumulation with age (7% per life year, (CI: [5%, 9%]) was cohort-independent. Results indicate that the historical context (birth cohort membership) may influence the number of accumulated health deficits after age 65 in addition to poverty and other individual life course characteristics, but BMI, physical activity and smoking remain the modifiable risk factors offering the highest prevention potential.