Philosophy Of Life Research Articles

Vitalist Marxism: Georges Canguilhem and the Resistance of Life

Following Hannah Arendt’s insights into the affinities between Marxism and the philosophy of life, this article reconstructs a theoretical position that we propose to call ‘vitalist Marxism’. This position conceives of life not only as an essential foundation of the production process, but also as a critical resource for resistance to the capitalist logic of exploitation. We highlight the role Georges Canguilhem (1904–95) played in developing this position, in particular by depicting tools and machines as ‘organs of life’. Drawing on Canguilhem’s early writings as well as unpublished manuscripts, we show that this ‘organological’ understanding of technology was rooted in the increasingly anti-fascist reception of Marx in France during the 1930s. Against the background of today’s protests against climate destruction, racism, and anti-feminist violence, all of which invoke the defense of basic living conditions, we argue that the critical position of vitalist Marxism acquires remarkable topicality.

The Relationship between the Mad Imagery in Lu Xun’s “the Eternal Lamp” and Taoist Philosophy of Life

Lu Xun’s works have always been one of the key research topics, and many researchers focus on the relationship between Lu Xun and Taoism. However, there is still a gap in the study of linking his crazy imagery with Taoism. Therefore, this paper takes “The Eternal Lamp” as an example to analyze the relationship between the madman image and the Taoist philosophy of life. Firstly, the paper points out the unique significance of the image of the madman in “The Eternal Lamp” and then explores the connection between his character image and Taoism in order to obtain Lu Xun’s attitude towards traditional religion. The study argues that Lu Xun unconsciously inherited the positive aspects of the Taoist philosophy of life in shaping his literary image, especially drawing on the prominent power of the subject’s personality. Future academic research can focus on studying traditional philosophy and religion in Lu Xun’s novels, which can help provide a comprehensive understanding of Lu Xun and his works.

FILSAFAT TARI DALAM KEBUDAYAAN BALI

Balinese dance is an ethnic Balinese dance that is imbued with Balinese Hindu cultural values, as an embodiment of Balinese cultural character. The characteristics of Balinese culture are socio-religious which contains its own philosophy which can be categorized as sacred art and profane art. With the categories sacred and profane, Balinese dance is classified into wali, bebali and balih-balihan arts. As a sacred art, Balinese dance is a treat of beauty to the forces of nature, and as a profane art, it is a treat of beauty to society. This article aims to understand the philosophy of dance in relation to Balinese culture which is based on Hindu religious teachings. The problem that is the main subject of the study to explain this goal is, what is meant by Balinese dance, and what is its relationship with Balinese culture. The study of the problems above is based on the results of observations of Balinese dance which were analyzed using the approach of art philosophy and aesthetic theory which is divided into morphological aesthetics and psychological aesthetics. The results of this study show that Balinese dance contains a philosophy of life that is imbued with the teachings of Balinese Hinduism in realizing truth and purity aesthetically

The Role of Nyakyusa Proverbs in Behavioural Development

This article examines the role of sayings in developing human behaviour in the Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. The primary data for this article were obtained by interview method in Luteba (Ipuguso), Kandete (Ipelo) and Mpombo (Lulasi) wards in Rungwe district, Mbeya region. Those areas met the data requirements presented in this article. The Sociological Theory was used in the analysis and discussion of data by looking at literature as a special unit that reflects both the science and culture of the society. Selected community sayings were examined as a special link to social relations. This article has revealed that the sayings of the selected community are a special link of social relations considering its history, philosophy, culture and economy. The sayings serve as a specific reference library for social issues, and a strong indigenous link that builds a system to train, strengthen and keep the community together in the foundations of culture and the whole philosophy of life from tradition until now. This article concludes that sayings are used as a special warehouse for reference to social issues that keep the community together in the foundations of culture and the whole philosophy of life from ancient times until now.

Жизненные сценарии и биографические нарративы: сравнительный анализ концептуальных моделей

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective </strong>of the research was to determine the criteria for differences in actual theoretical scenario models for the interpretation of "typical" and problematic situations that can be represented in biographical narratives.<br><strong>Background. </strong>In the “personality – group – society” system, individual and cultural life scenarios, formed and supported by families, educational systems and media as socialization institutions, participate in the intergenerational conveyance of values, in the processes of assimilation and reproduction of the norms of social and role behavior, in the construction of a system of identities, active and passive life philosophies. A subject’s established ideas and habitual strategies for interacting with other people are being destroyed in social situations of uncertainty, related as well to the Coronavirus pandemic and paramilitary confrontation in different countries. Consequently, the status of scenarios as dispositional predictors of subjective perception and understanding of oneself and others becomes debatable in social psychology under the conditions of conflict “crossing” of life contexts. <br><strong>Methodology. </strong>Structural and functional analysis of conceptual models that reflect the characteristics of individual and cultural life scenarios. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Theoretical and methodological approaches to the concept of “scenario” differ in the attribution of stability-dynamism, as well as the ratio of individual specificity and social conditionality of the scenario.</p>

Concepts of illness etiology in a traditional medical system: analysis of philosophy of Aruh and healing ritual as ethnomedicine

The process of recovering from a disease can vary among ethnic groups, culminating in distinct medical systems. Indonesia, an archipelagic country with over a thousand ethnicities, requires extensive research on ethnomedicine. A critical aspect of this research is illness etiology, which plays a crucial role in understanding the concept of prevention, therapy, and treatment developed by these ethnic groups. An adequate understanding of illness etiology will facilitate formulating a powerful, superior traditional medical system and provide practical benefits to assist local community health efforts. Therefore, this research aims to describe illness etiology by analyzing the philosophy of life: aruh and healing ritual according to the ethnomedicine of the Dayak Paramasan in Meratus Mountains. The method used was ethnography, which involved two traditional healing practitioners. Based on the results, illness were caused by behavior that was not aruh (disharmonious) with the environment. The types of illness include alamiah (physiological), perbuatan (psychosocial), and kapuhunan (socio-cultural). Meanwhile, illness therapy with ritual aims to return the aruh (harmonious, intimate, and peaceful) living conditions between the soul of the sufferer and the natural environment.

Circular economy orientation from corporate social responsibility: A view based on structural equation modeling and a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis

AbstractSeeking sustainable development, companies voluntarily implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, considering economic, social and environmental aspects of interest to global society. Searching for sustainable development, the Circular Economy (CE) emerged as a new philosophy of life to meet the new challenges in society. This research links CSR and CE but considering jointly the Institutional and Stakeholder Theories to delimit the sustainable development framework from the EC approach driven by CSR. According to this framework, it was tested whether the CSR practices of companies positively and significantly impacts on a business orientation towards CE, through two models (Model A and Model B) each of them analyzed with two independent samples of companies in Spain. Both samples are composed of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) at two different stages of CSR adoption. The hypotheses were analyzed through a structural equation modeling‐fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (SEM‐fsQCA). The result of the SEM supports the hypothesis in both models. So, CSR practices are driving companies towards CE, incorporating propositions on stakeholders' value creation. Moreover, an fsQCA revealed combinations of relationships that ensure the consistency of obtained results, generating five configurations based on two models defined. Main contribution of this work is CSR practices of companies and their orientation towards CE can be linked. This encourages to deep in analysis about the relations between CE and CSR, and of the specific CSR practices that should be enhanced for their beneficial effect on the implementation of CE.

Research on the Symbolic Meaning of White Cranes — A Case Study of Fly with the Crane

Fly with the Crane is a feature film directed by Chinese filmmaker Li Ruijun in 2012, adapted from the short story of the same name by Su Tong. Set against a family backdrop, the film explores the emotional conflicts and collisions of life philosophies between the elderly and their family members when facing life and death decisions. Cranes play a significant symbolic role in the film, reflecting the characters’ inner emotions and their different understandings of life, death, and destiny. From the crane pattern on the coffin to the real white cranes in the film, and to the crane in the heart of the protagonist, five types of white cranes present different layers of symbolic meanings, enriching the depth and connotation of the film. At the same time, the film also reflects the current reality of scarce land resources, conflicts in resource allocation, and changes in people’s consciousness, indicating that the “crane culture” may gradually disappear.

Buber’s Pedagogy of Inclusion in Fostering Genuine Classroom Relationship

The study is aimed at directing our collective consciousness towards the needs to develop the values of authentic relationship through the pedagogy of inclusion. The existential potency of positive, meaningful and reasonable learning that is directed toward sustainable and holistic development has been recognized to be hinged on the values of human relationship. This is what Buber’s existentialism projected to achieve by the philosophical consideration of the pedagogy of inclusion which is based on the existentiality of ‘I-Thou’ relationship. This promotes the “we-ness” of development that recognized the commonness of human existence, and for the recognition of the forces of isolation, segregation and alienation. The paper recognized that the hostilities that exist in contemporary human relationship that can be healed through the adoption of the pedagogy of inclusion of every individual, especially by fostering genuine classroom relationship by obedience to the values of ‘I-Thou’ philosophy of life and living, Employing expository method of analysis, the study concluded that genuine classroom relationship can be achieved through the proper understating the pedagogical values of the Buber’s existentialism, and which, in extension, will help to develop the commonness of societal development in love, equity, harmony and justice. Keywords: Classroom, Development Education, Inclusion, ‘I-Thou’ Relationship, Pedagogy, Philosophy of Dialogue

Pendidikan Etika Yoga Dalam Membangun Moralitas Mahasiswa Hindu

Yoga ethics education is an important aspect in forming the character of Hindu students. Yoga is not only about physical exercise, but also about philosophy and ethics of life. This article discusses the role of yoga ethics education in building the morality of Hindu students. This article explains that yoga ethics teaches moral values such as honesty, discipline, responsibility and compassion. These values are important for building the character of Hindu students with morals and integrity. Yoga ethics education can be done through various methods, such as lectures, discussions and yoga practice. These methods must be adapted to the needs and abilities of students. The research results show that yoga ethics education has a positive influence on the morality of Hindu students. Students who take yoga ethics education have stronger moral values and are better able to apply these values in everyday life.

Actuality аnd Modality: Vatsov’s Energetic Metaphysics

The article reconstructs and critically discusses the energetic metaphysics of Dimitar Vatsov, which may be regarded as an important event in the philosophical life in Bulgaria. The article consists of two parts. The first part situates Vatsov's project in the context of the contemporary development of metaphysics and presents the evolution and logic of its realization, emphasizing the central ideas of actuality, energy, and codification. The second part presents a series of critical observations on the realization of the project, related to conceptual ambiguities and problematic theoretical moves. It is argued that the modal aspects of energetic metaphysics need conceptual clarification and theoretical justification. The article also aims to provoke a broader discussion on the state and future of metaphysical research in Bulgarian philosophy.

Author’s personality in daily life and art: research methodology

This article presents a description of the methodology used by the author of the book about the lives of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Tsvetaeva, Rainis, Sviridov, and Yakhina, related to the philosophy of everyday life. For the author, as one of the first participants in the Moscow Methodological Circle, and now in the methodological movement, the issue of methodology is fundamental; in fact, it constitutes an implicit subject of the research based on the ideas of the humanitarian approach, semiotics, and cultural studies. The article is of interest within the framework of such majors as Linguistics and Cultural Studies and the discipline “Theory and Methodology of Scientific Research”.

Constructing the scale to measure entrepreneurial traits by using the modified delphi method

Higher entrepreneurial traits significantly increase the likelihood of graduate students venturing into entrepreneurship. This study intended to develop a scale for assessing the entrepreneurial traits of graduate students, recognizing a gap in existing literature and measurement tools predominantly developed for countries with conducive entrepreneurial climates. Aligned with Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, the study employed a modified Delphi method, including prototype development, two Delphi surveys, and subsequent statistical analyses. The robustness of the final items and scale in effectively capturing the entrepreneurial traits of graduate students is supported by descriptive statistical analyses (SD ≤ 1.5, Interquartile Range ≤1, and Level of Agreement ≥70%), content validity analysis (I-CVI≥ 0.8, S-CVI/Ave = 0.92; S-CVI/UA = 0.4), and Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance analysis (X2 (37, N = 30) = 700.504, W = 0.631, p < 0.01). Ultimately, the scale comprises 38 items organized into three overarching thematic areas: life philosophy, creating and utilizing mindset, and supportive and motivating environment. Consistent with existing literature, entrepreneurial traits are intricately linked to individuals' life perspectives, often characterized by a desire for self-autonomy. Additionally, the ability to create or leverage available resources and the presence of a conducive external environment emerge as pivotal dimensions in entrepreneurial traits. Notably, the study highlights the critical influence of a country's environment and policies, mainly through university courses and short-term programs, in shaping the development of entrepreneurial traits.

Parents' experiences of living with a child with cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a qualitative content analysis study.

Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) profoundly impacts the physical, psychological, and social aspects of parents' lives. Thus, this study aimed to explore the experiences of parents living with a child with cancer who undergoes HSCT. This qualitative study involved 20 parents of children with cancer who were undergoing HSCT at a referral hospital in Iran. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants from February 2023 to November 2023. In-depth semi-structured interviews, featuring open-ended questions, were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. Data analysis revealed two main themes. "Surrounded by hardships" and "Self-actualization." The first theme encompassed participants' experiences of facing difficulties in life after being aware of their child's need for HSCT. This theme consisted of four categories: "uncertainty about the child's future," "exhaustion from the child's treatment process," "worrying about the healthy child(ren)," and "helplessness." The second theme "self-actualization" included with two categories: "transformation in life's philosophy" and "acquisition of new capabilities." These categories highlighted the positive outcomes experienced by the participants following their child's HSCT. Our findings underscore the importance of healthcare providers being attuned to parents' experiences throughout their child's HSCT trajectory. It is crucial for healthcare providers to encourage parents to articulate their concerns and feelings and seek support from healthcare providers, family, and friends. The development of psychological support services in healthcare settings can facilitate tailored interventions to alleviate parents' difficulties.

Public Relations Management at Family Institutions in Moral Education

Socio-cultural developments and changes indirectly affect children's development and education. This situation affects children, who are basically looking for someone who can become their philosophy of life, making it difficult for families to fulfill their obligations to educate their children. Society has a great influence on the ongoing activities related to education, and family education is the earliest educational institution in human civilization. Before knowing formal education, the position and role of the family in human life is very important, because it is the most basic. the most active and widespread in history. No age limit (covers multiple age groups), no time limit, anytime, anywhere. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the family in education in public relations management. This study was conducted using a qualitative method, in which appropriate multi-reference studies were used, and then comparisons were made. The family, school and community environment is the center of education, but of the three, the family environment has the greatest influence on children's development. The result of this research is that this family education is basic education, because children get the first education in this family. In addition, family education has a great impact on children's lives, especially on children's psychological growth and development, as well as on social and religious values.&#x0D; Keyword : Family, Public, Education

Перемен требуют наши сердца. Образ рок-музыканта в позднесоветском кинематографе

The article analyses the image of a rock musician in the late Soviet and modern Russian cinema. Having appeared on screen in the mid-80s, a rock musician character type immediately had a cult following. The image represented a hero of the then-new time, a singer of freedom, a bearer of a different, “correct” pro-Western worldview, starting from the appearance and ending with the philosophy of life, and a symbol of disagreement not only with the generation of fathers but also with the then-existing, “wrong” world order in general. A rock musician in the perestroika cinema was a typical rebel character who appeared in the world cinema at the turn of epochs. The author of the article formulates the cultural codes behind the representation of such a character type on screen, traces its transformation, and comes to the conclusion that the meanings behind a rock musician character type are gradually losing their immediate relevance in modern Russian cinema.

Religious and Spiritual Dimensions of the Kris: Exploring the Enthusiast’s Perspective

This article investigates the religious and spiritual dimensions of the kris which is a cherised cultural heirloom. This research aims to portray the deepest meaning of the kris according to the kris enthusiasts in East Java. It is essential to see the kris from local knowledge perspectives. In exploring the meaning of the kris as a sacred object, the article puts forth two main questions: how the kris enthusiasts view the kris as a cultural symbol and how religious and spiritual experiences of the kris influence their views on daily life. This research uses a qualitative method with a combination of phenomenology and ethnography approaches. Data collection was through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, with informants selected using purposive sampling. The results of the research show that firstly, the kris enthusiasts view the kris as a religious symbol that helps build their journey of life. The kris is understood as a symbol of noble values and to contain a philosophy of life that is inseparable from other elements, including beliefs, moral values, art, thoughts and practices, thereby being of great importance for the lives of the kris enthusiasts. Secondly, the religious and spiritual experiences of the kris are not limited to external or ritualistic aspects alone, but also encompass the internal dimension that gives birth to spiritual and religious depth, creating a space of meaning for profound human experience.

Nkrabea and Hyɛbrɛ in African Philosophy of Life

The concepts of nkrabea and hyɛbrɛ in Africa’s philosophy of life present very distinctive nomenclature and epistemology of how it applies within the socioreligiocultural cosmology. As a challenge to normative definition, the epistemology of the African philosophical context engenders new nomenclatures that hitherto were rejected by the hegemonic frameworks of Western paradigmatic nomenclature. The African philosophy of life which is formed by a very distinct socioreligioculture and framed by fascination and experience of the supernatural does not fail to recognise the existence of vast dimensions and active spiritual cosmology. If there is anything conceived with such an aura of reverence, it is life, beyond biological classification and, experiences such as the ability to think, feel, or be aware of one’s existence. Life is “energy” (spiritual force) which provides every element its function or purpose and nkrabea and hyɛbrɛ are the function or purpose predetermined for every element. The objective of the study was to find out the meaning of nkrabea and hyɛbrɛ and how they apply to the African philosophy of life. The study used a qualitative research method. Data was gathered from journals, articles, and library materials. Ethical responsibilities defined a set of principles and protocols that guided the study. The study concluded that the concepts of nkrabea, and hyɛbrɛ are conceptualised within the African philosophy of life and present critical nomenclatures on the function, or purpose of life within the context of human destiny and inform new epistemology. Its belief provides a perspective that informs the idea that nothing is purposeless. Keywords: Nkrabea, Hyɛbrɛ, Cosmology, Spirituality, Philosophy

A conceptual history of entropies

In this article I will try to suggest a transdisciplinary framework in order to analyse the contemporary ecological polycrisis which is usually described as the Entropocene era. According to French philosopher Barnard Stiegler, the Anthropocence can be understoodas an Entropocene, because the current ecological crisis consists in a process of massive increase of entropy in all its forms : thermodynamic entropy (that is, dissipation of physical or chemical energy), biological entropy (as the destruction of biodiversity), and psycho-social entropy (as the reduction of knowledge to data and calculations, through digital disruptive technologies). In order to analyze this situation, we need a transversal conception of entropy : from Bergson’s philosophy of life to Stiegler’s philosophy of technics, going through Schrodinger’s physics, Wiener’s cybernetics, Lotka’s biology and Levi-Strauss’s anthropology, I will try to build a conceptual history of entropies and to explore its economic and political consequences, in order to open new paths beyond the Entropocene era.

Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Dalihan Natolu Dalam Budaya Batak Toba dan Implementasinya Dalam Hidup Beriman Katolik

Dalihan Natolu is the basic philosophy of life for the Toba Batak tribe which is contained in three elements, namely respect, veneration and support. This unity cannot be separated from the life of the Toba Batak tribe. Dalihan Natolu's kinship system, namely somba marhula-hula (respect to uncle's family), manat mardongan tubu (being careful to siblings), and elek marboru (graciousness to our sisters), is a communal foundation that is closely related to each other. Each component in Dalihan Natolu is implemented according to their respective positions and roles. The values that exist in Dalihan Natolu have a correlation with the Catholic faith, namely theological virtues (faith, hope, and love) and cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance).Theological and cardinal virtues are virtues that animate everyone to live Christian morals. Likewise, with the Dalihan Natolu values it can be understood that Christian morals are not just law implementation, but a response to God's call. Everyone's way and pattern of life must be adapted with the teachings of God. Thus, every person from any culture is able to reach the ultimate goal offered by God which is genuine happiness