Life Of Ukraine Research Articles

«Орлове гніздо» Олени Пчілки: текст і контекст

The article is devoted to the analysis of Olena Pchilka's unpublished historical poem «Orlove hnizdo». Some printed fragments do not allow us to fully understand the depth of the author's poetic thinking and all the facets of her artistic talent. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the history of the poem, its composition, and poetic features. To achieve this goal, the article uses textual and biographical methods, as well as a combination of comparative and cultural-historical approaches. As a result, it was found that the poem was fully completed by 1890. The author even planned to publish it in the magazine «Zorіa». It is difficult to understand why this did not happen. Thus, some parts of her best work were lost. The writer believed that she would never write anything better, because she had put her whole soul into this poem. Lesіa Ukrainka highly appreciates «Orlove hnizdo», preferring it even to M. Starytsky's novel «Molodist Mazepy». In fact, Olena Pchilka's poem has more echoes with the play «Hetman Doroshenko» by L. Starytska-Cherniakhivska, published in 1911. Both works are quite similar thematically, but the main differences are determined by the choice of genre: a historical play in five acts by Starytska-Cherniakhivska, a lyrical epic by Olena Pchilka. This also affected the differences in the plot. «Orlove hnizdo» occupies a special place among Olena Pchilka's poems. The writer has six works of the specified genre. The author quickly evolves from folklore themes in «Rusalka» to higher cultural registers: reinterpreting well-known biblical stories («Iudita», «Prorok», «Debora») and describing national history («Kozachka Olena», «Orlove hnizdo»). In both historical poems, Olena Pchilka refers to the times of Petro Doroshenko's hetmanship (1665–1676). The period of Ruin was particularly interesting because of the events that took place in Ukrainian life at that time. Conclusions. The theme successfully tested by Olena Pchilka was continued in the Ukrainian literary process of that time. It is worth mentioning here the novelist and playwright M. Starytskyi, as well as the authors of the younger generation - L. Starytska-Cherniakhivska and Lesіa Ukrainka.

The Importance of the Religious Component in the Formation of the National Outlook during the War

This article examines the religious component as a means of ensuring Ukraine's national security. The importance of religious organizations as a factor in harmonizing the spiritual life of Ukrainians, which is an important prerequisite for the consolidation of society in overcoming the bloody enemy, has been studied.

Oleksandr Dovzhenko: Peculiarities of the National Myth Creation

Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, its culture, its civilizational choice raises the issues of the formation and functioning of the national mythology. There are many definitions of myth, interpretations of its significance and place in the world and national history. One thing is clear: any nation forms the mythological core of its picture of the world. The heart, which serves as one of the main tools of its self-identification and self-defense against external forces. In this sense, the phenomenon of Ukrainian cinema and one of its creative leaders, Oleksandr Dovzhenko, is of a particular interest. Starting with the film Zvenyhora (1928), the artist produces mythological subjects centered on Ukraine and Ukrainians, their historical fate. Zvenyhora is the first screen myth of Ukraine. It is based on a four-part structure of historical-temporal layers presenting Ukrainians – from the most ancient epochs to the future. This myth continues already existing mythological structures developed in the poetics of the works of Taras Shevchenko and Mykola Hohol. In this way we are talking about the continuation of fundamental deep structures determining the special sacredness of the signs and symbols of the national history. During the Second World War, Dovzhenko’s myth of Ukraine has undergone a tragic transformation. The national catastrophe, the destruction of the country and its people as such seemed to be factors that made any option for the future impossible. For a certain time, apocalyptic visions become decisive for Dovzhenko’s artistic thinking. However, the desire to shape the image of the future returns the history of the Golden Age to the circle of Dovzhenko’s stories as a natural conclusion of the historical life of Ukraine and Ukrainians. The feature films Zvenyhora, Arsenal, Zemlia, сinema stories Ukraine on Fire, Chronicle of Flaming Years are, in essence, the screen embodiment of the myth of the frontier zone, where human communities of various modifications are constantly moving, different types of socio-cultural attitudes and national characters are formed. Ukrainian Cossacks are considered as the main source of them. They are distant ancestors, the memory of whom must be activated by new art.

Reception of the figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in diasporic historiography: a new historiographic meaningful

The article analyzes the first monograph of the historian Mykhailo Sabinskyi “The figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in Ukrainian foreign historiography of the 1940s-1980s.”. The book highlights the complex processes of formation and disciplinary complication of diasporic Hrushevskiana. First of all, the author investigated that the period 1940-1965 is an important stage of Ukrainian diaspora historiography, which marked a gradual departure from the concepts and practices of mainland Ukrainian studies of the previous era and convergence with Western socio-humanitarianism. Next, M. Sabinskyi proved that the centenary anniversary of M. Hrushevskyi was a significant event in the intellectual life of Ukrainians abroad. Despite the stereotyped thinking of some diaspora figures, thanks to extensive media promotion and numerous public and scientific initiatives, it was possible to turn the personal date of the distinguished scientist into a holiday of Ukrainian culture, which is important for the consolidation of the emigrant community. The researcher showed that all this made possible the emergence of L. Vynar's disciplinary initiative to start scientific Hrushevskyi’s studies. The modern historian emphasized that the dynamism of the progress of this field of Ukrainian studies in the following decades allows us to confirm the power of the historiographical impulse given by the anniversary events. In conclusion, the author noted that the diasporic Hrushevskiana appears as a historiographical phenomenon that is complex in its ideological nature and diverse in its forms of realization and stylistic practices. Being a means of inter-party emigration confrontation in the first post-war years, it went through the stages of institutionalization and disciplinary formation during the following decades. As a result, a respectable field of Ukrainian studies emerged, whose representatives systematically interpret the national phenomenon of M. Hrushevskyi in the broad context of his time. It was the solid academic level of diaspora Hrushevskyi’s studies achieved at the end of the 1980s that enabled the significant achievements of mainland historiography in its study of the legacy of the historian after independence.

NATIONAL CUISINE IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE

Food is one of the most necessary conditions for our existence. Since childhood, a person gets used to certain products, dishes from them, forms his own tastes, prepares his favorite dishes, which must contain properly balanced proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and the necessary vitamin complex. Ukrainian cuisine has a certain set of relevant ingredients that contribute to our healthy existence. And the transition to a different set of products requires a certain adjustment, getting used to, adjustment., the climate of the location. Each people, each nation has its own usual, daily food set, related to the history and culture of the population. The Ukrainian nation, which for centuries was under the oppression of various states, absorbed into its culture and food preferences elements of the life and existence of other peoples, which remained in the culinary tastes of certain territorial and local communities. National tastes were formed on the basis of regional, local dishes, which became part of the everyday life of Ukrainians and expressed the special skill of cooking in one or another territory of Ukraine. Many foreigners come to Ukraine every year for various purposes: tourist trips, study, work, temporary stay, and by learning the language of our region, they get to know its culture, lifestyle, and food. Working with foreign students, we introduce them to Ukrainian dishes and drinks, talk about everyday and national food holidays, conduct dialogues with them, comparing the common and distinctive features of national cuisines. Recipes of Ukrainian culinary dishes can be found in cookbooks published at different times, starting from the beginning of the 20th century. and to this day, both in Ukraine and abroad, and in our time republished by culinary enthusiasts. Acquaintance with such publications, a brief description of books with recipes for cooking national food is carried out in this publication. 93 editions were developed. Key words: Ukrainian language as a foreign language, linguistic and regional studies, publication of books on Ukrainian national cuisine, their authors, chronology and location of publications, special vocabulary by origin.

The role of Ukrainian zemstvos in the formation of their public library space

This research into the participation of local self-government bodies in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the formation of Ukraine’s public library space is crucial given the need to study the factors that influenced the creation of Ukrainian book culture, national consciousness, and state-building. This study aims to characterise the role of Ukrainian zemstvo self-government bodies in the establishment of the Ukrainian public library space during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific rigour, historicism, sociocultural and modernisation approaches, as well as general scientific (induction, logic, analysis, synthesis) and specifically historical methods: narrative, historical-genetic, and structural-functional analysis. The cultural and educational development of the Ukrainian village by zemstvos, a component of which was their public library work, from the 1860s until the fall of the Russian Empire, was a major direction of activity of these self-governing institutions, upon whose success the national progress of Ukrainians depended. In this sphere, the foundation was laid for the future public space of the Dnieper Ukraine. The establishment, at the expense of zemstvos and through their organisational efforts, of public libraries with broad, free access for all village residents, alongside the development of rural schools, was the alpha and omega of peasant Ukrainian life at that time. It shaped the region’s book culture and elevated the social activity of the largest social class. Thanks to the democratic zemstvo intelligentsia, during the revolution of 1905-1907, demands were made to increase the network of rural libraries, cooperation between zemstvos and Prosvitas expanded, and the Ukrainian printed word became more entrenched. The emergence of peasant republics in 1905, one of which was in Sumy, where peasants published a newspaper declaring the tsarist authority abolished, against the backdrop of zemstvo achievements in expanding the network of public libraries and education, demonstrated that the early 20th century marked an intensification of public library development in Ukrainian villages. This period also saw the maturation of the national consciousness among peasants and laid the groundwork for the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921, a pivotal stage in Ukraine’s state-building efforts. The study of this topic will contribute to understanding the role of local self-government bodies in the functioning of Ukraine’s public library space under modern conditions, national identification among Ukrainians, and their consolidation in the face of hostile invasions

Mental health of children in ukraine. risks and challenges today

Introduction Today, the most vulnerable group of Ukrainians are children. Their physical and mental health has been tested since 2020, from COVID-19 to 2022, the start of a full-scale-russia’s war against Ukraine. The children of Ukraine were the first to feel the changes, since a complete change in life and the principles of acquiring primary adaptive skills of social interaction were distorted by COVID-19. Subsequently, new challenges in the form of war deformed the idea of life, happiness and the future.ObjectivesStudying the level of adaptation potential in children and adolescents living in the front-line zone in Ukraine.MethodsThe examination included the use of clinical-psychological, psychodiagnostic and psychometric research methods.ResultsThe study in 2021 involved 217 children and adolescents with signs of maladjustment. In 2022, 378 children and adolescents with signs of maladjustment, of which 285 children are still in the frontline zone of Ukraine, 93 children, at the time of 2022, were taken abroad and returned to Kharkov in 2023.During the initial analysis of the results, it was revealed that children with low adaptive resources are more susceptible to showing signs of maladjustment. One of the main factors of an adaptation resource is interaction with others (direct communication). It was this criterion that became the primary frustrating factor for children in the first months of the war. External isolation has led to a lack of communication between children and everyone in Ukraine, who during COVID-19 have adapted to a way of communicating while staying at home in physical isolation. War is a powerful independent psychogenic factor for the formation of maladaptation, but in today’s realities it has also become an additional trigger for a previous psychogenic event in the life of Ukrainians. Parents, for their part, note a sharp deterioration in the well-being of their children, frequent complaints of headaches (89.4%), overwork, aggressiveness (81,5%), closed-mindedness (78,6%), health complaints (74,5%), which is why they have to often consult a doctor and endlessly carry out diagnostics in search of reasons for deterioration (72,3%), weight loss (64,5%). The data indicate the frustration of being in the front-line zone, which aggravates mental health and triggers the process of disruption of adaptation and mental health of children and adolescents.ConclusionsThe study is aimed at developing a psychorehabilitation program for children and adolescents with a low level of adaptive resource.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Impact of Martial Law on Law Enforcement and Law Enforcement Authorities: The Study of National and International Experience

"The full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, turned the usual life of Ukrainians upside down. Although the war in the country has been going on for almost 10 years, martial law has affected the state apparatus, including law enforcement authorities. The purpose of the academic paper is to characterize the impact of martial law on law enforcement and law enforcement authorities in the context of domestic and foreign experience. The activities of law enforcement authorities in Ukraine are aimed primarily at protecting society and the state in conditions of martial law, as well as at investigating crimes committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people. The invaluable exchange of experience with foreign colleagues has already yielded tangible results, contributing to coordinated and fruitful work for the benefit of society. The activities of law enforcement bodies have changed under martial law. The existing responsibilities have been supplemented by new ones defined by the relevant regulatory acts. Law enforcement authorities continue to effectively fulfill their tasks, including in places where active hostilities are taking place, bringing victory closer step by step. An issue of imposition of martial law has been covered in the academic paper. The features of the impact of martial law on law enforcement, including changes in legislation, have been characterized. The peculiarities of pre-trial investigation and court proceedings under martial law, including investigation of war crimes, crimes against humanity and acts of genocide, prosecution for collaboration, and protection of human rights have been considered. The issues of detection of sabotage and reconnaissance groups, organization of checkpoints’ activities, and evacuation of civilians have been separately identified. The analysis of the international legal experience of law enforcement authorities in the conditions of a full-scale war has been conducted."

Intangible cultural heritage as a resource for consolidating modern Ukrainian society

Relevance. The relevance of this study lied in actualising the issue of increasing the level of social consolidation of Ukrainian society under the conditions of a number of political, economic, social, and cultural transformations. Intangible cultural heritage serves as the main resource for the establishment and development of national consciousness, which, in turn, strengthens integration processes within society.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to prove the value of intangible cultural heritage in the modern life of Ukrainians and substantiate the need to preserve cultural values in the course of historical development as a powerful ethno-unifying factor.Methodology. In the course of the study, general scientific methods, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematic, and comparative were used for logical and consistent presentation of the material. A critical approach to information allowed comprehensively and thoroughly examining the issue of cultural heritage as a unifying factor.Results. As a result of the study, it was discovered that due to complex socio-political and globalisation processes, there is still a need to preserve the traditional heritage, which is an indicator of cultural independence, proving the uniqueness and originality of each nation. Therefore, in the course of the technologisation of society, shifting from the conventional provisions, Ukrainians continue to preserve long-established values, transmit elements of intangible cultural heritage from generation to generation, emphasising the heredity of Ukrainian culture. In the context of this subject, there are currently a small number of publications that only briefly mention the consolidating function of intangible cultural heritage for a particular culture, and, to a greater extent, cover the issues of preserving this type of cultural heritage.Conclusions. The scientific value of the study lies in emphasising the relevance of preserving and further transmitting cultural traditions and languages to protect national identity and raise the level of civic consciousness.

Микола Лисенко в інтелектуальних комунікаціях Наукового товариства імені Шевченка

The article reflects the cooperation of the outstanding Ukrainian composer M. Lysenko with the Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) in Lviv. The study aims is to try to determine the nature and essence of the composer’s intellectual communications within an academic institution. The research methodology built on the principles of historicism, system and comprehensiveness. Comparative, problem-chronological, historical-typological, logical, structural-systemic, analytical and generalizing methods used. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the integral reproduction of the page of M. Lysenko’s intellectual biography, connected with his musicological activity as part of the Ethnographic Commission of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Conclusions. An important aspect of the composer's intellectual biography was his collaboration with the National Academy of Music in Lviv (1873 – 1912). The communication, based on the commonality of scientific research interests and worldviews, maintained an ideological connection with the interpersonal connections of M. Lysenko within the framework of the predecessor of the academic institution – the Shevchenko Literary Society. The intensity and dynamism of scientific interaction was strengthened by the negative manifestations of the cultural and national policy of the Russian tsar, censorship restrictions of Ukrainian life in Trans-Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. The meaningful content of the composer's cooperation with the National Academy of Music was his activity as part of the Society's Ethnographic Commission, publishing and organizational contacts, direct participation in information practices, scientific, cultural, educational projects of the institution. M. Lysenko participated in writing textbooks for Ukrainian schools in Galicia, reviewing the works of young composers, organizing ethnographic field research, anniversary and commemorative events. The significant role of the educational activity of the artist in the formation of a positive cultural image of Ukraine at the international level.

Aspects of the Emergence and Organisation of the Diaspora Life of Ukrainians in Japan

Abstract. The article describes the history of the establishment of the Ukrainian community in Japan and analyses the historical presence of Ukrainians in the territory of Japan or the territories it controlled. At the initial stage of the development of Japanese-Ukrainian relations in the early 1990s, the Japanese had a very limited understanding of Ukraine, its history and culture, so an analysis of the history of intercultural communication before 1991 explains why it was so difficult for the Ukrainian community in Japan to establish itself after the collapse of the USSR and the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence. By analysing the origins of Ukrainian-Japanese communication, the author presents the important contribution of such personalities as Yosyp Hashkevych, Vasyl Yeroshenko, Ivan Svit, and others, as well as the history of cultural and social activism of Ukrainians in Japan and in the territories controlled by Japan throughout the first half of the 20th century. The article points out that the evolution of Ukrainians abroad was a complex process in Japanese public life, and in particular in the establishment of ethnic identity, consolidation and structural institutionalisation of Ukrainian migrants in Japan who arrived in the Land of the Rising Sun shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. The article also explores the changes in the fate of the Ukrainian community in Japan after russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. In particular, the Japanese and representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora massively gathered in the streets to protest against russia’s military aggression and to provide humanitarian and other assistance. It is noted that Ukrainians in Japan actively contributed to the support and assistance to refugees from Ukraine, who sought refuge in the Land of the Rising Sun after russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In conclusion, the author points out that the historical experience of communication with Ukrainians contributed to the positive image of Ukrainians in Japanese society and politics and, accordingly, to the change in its migration legislation. Keywords: Ukrainians in Japan, diaspora, Ukrainian-Japanese cooperation, Ukrainians in Manchuria, russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

ECOCOMPLEX "PERLYNA DZVINKOVA": POSSIBILITIES OF CHILDREN-DISPLACEMENTS IN REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY

The full-scale war, which has been going on since February 2022, has made significant adjustments to the normal life of Ukrainians,which has led to the need to consider and search for new opportunities for providing health care services and organizing leisure time, psychological recovery for different categories of people. Children suffer the most from the impact of war, because they are very vulnerable and experiencing traumatic events during war can lead to serious psychological suffering. The natural resources, including recreational and health, the available infrastructure of eco-complex "Perlyna Dzvinkova" of the Dzvinkove village, Kyiv region (Boyarska territorial community) were explored. The possibility of using this eco-complex and its adjacent territory as a health center for the rehabilitation needs of displaced children is substantiated. It was found that the area of the eco-complex has favorable natural resourcesand necessary infrastructure for the children's stay during the visit. This eco-complex provides the necessity for comfortable living, food, health and recreation for children. The main and specific features of psychotherapeutic work with children and adolescents as the main directions of the rehabilitation process were analyzed by authors. The activities of the qualified staff of the "Questy Camp" children's camp and other participants of the charity program, which provide rest and rehabilitation for children of war, were analyzed. It was determined that the proposed range of events for children: various quests, outdoor activities, English language and acting lessons, various master classes are suitable for rehabilitative influence. It was indicated on the basis of practical experience that one of the most effective areas of psychological assistance in crisis situations are: therapy sessions with experienced psychologists, collective games, communication with animals, hippotherapy and horse riding, the opportunity to master the basics of sailing. The main consequences of the proposed services of each participant's of the charitable project in working with children affected by traumatic events are emphasized. It is summarized that as a result of various activities based on the ecocomplex "Perlyna Dzvinkova" and activities nearby, children's anxiety decreases, their psychological and emotional state raises, their attention improves, and their contact with each other also increases. It was highlighted that ecocomplex "Perlyna Dzvinkova" with the available infrastructure and health complex can serve as a center for psychological and health rehabilitation of children. The obtained results allow us to state that the ecocomplex "Perlyna Dzvinkova" and the secondary participants of the project,who launched an initiative for the psychological rehabilitation of children aged 8 to 14 (who suffered from russian aggression on the Ukraine's territory)will allow providing rehabilitation and health services in wartime and the post-war period for migrant children.

Актуальні проблеми стану та розвитку економічної системи України в умовах воєнного стану

A structural and system analysis of the state and development of the economic system of Ukraine in wartime conditions is carried out and a set of economic measures to counter the negative manifestations of the full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine by russia is proposed. The authors systematize the most significant and growing threats in the economic sphere under conditions of uncertainty: demographic crisis, deformed age structure of the population with a high proportion of elderly people; high number of migrants; extremely high dependence on external financial assistance; irregular flow of foreign aid and a decrease in its volume with a simultaneous increase in defense spending; structural imbalances in GDP. The authors note that forecasts for GDP growth will not lead to an increase in the quality of life of Ukrainians and their purchasing power. The authors emphasize that, given the unpredictability of the duration of hostilities, unpredictable financial and material losses, a colossal deficit of the State Budget of Ukraine, a decrease in the stability of the economic system, and further inflow of external financial assistance are the main sources of funding for the military and social spheres. The main directions of reconstruction of the economic system of Ukraine to achieve the highest possible level of economic and financial self-sufficiency of the national economy are proposed; increasing the level of resilience and development of domestic enterprises in the conditions of military conflicts; prioritizing military spending; return of migrants to their homeland; sustainable growth of labor productivity of specialists in all sectors of the economy. This is especially important for the agro-industrial complex – through the development of industrial parks, technology parks, innovation parks, ecological agroparks, clusters, etc. Also, in order to generate additional sustainable income for socially vulnerable segments of the population, it is important to develop social entrepreneurship and the «silver economy» in territorial communities.

УКРАЇНСЬКА ГРОМАДА У БЕРЛІНІ (1991–2015)

Berlin, which is a separate federal state in Germany, has been considered one of the largest multicultural cities in the world in recent decades: it is home to numerous diasporas from different parts of the world (the Middle East, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Southern and Eastern Europe), which largely shape its modern face. Since 1991, the Ukrainian community, which had been virtually unrepresented in the city divided after the Second World War, has also gained an important place in Berlin. Ukrainians arrived in the city for various reasons and purposes: repatriation of ethnic Germans and their families, emigration along the Jewish line, family reunification, job search, study, illegal immigration, etc. As a result, Ukrainians now have a number of their own organisations, cultural and religious centres here, and Berlin itself, along with Munich, is considered one of the most important Ukrainian centres in Germany. The purpose of the study is to analyse Ukrainian migration processes in 1991–2015 and the situation of the Ukrainian community in Berlin. Accordingly, the main objectives of the study are to examine the dynamics of the Ukrainian community in the city, to identify the main aspects of the migration movement of the new wave of Ukrainian emigration, its integration into German society, and to highlight the social and cultural life of Ukrainians in the German capital.

Vinnytsia as a Volunteer Hub: The Citizens’ Self-Organization in the Conditions of a Large-Scale Russian Invasion

The article is based on the interviews recorded by the authoress during September-December, 2023. The volunteer movement as a socio-political and cultural phenomenon is investigated. The interviews have been conducted in Vinnytsia and agglomeration. Vinnytsia has already turned into a volunteer hub in the first days of the full-scale invasion. Aggressive war tactics and the general Ukrainophobic narrative in the Russian information space have increased the pro-Ukrainian percentage of Ukrainian citizens who treated the Russian Federation and its inhabitants, if not positively, then at least loyally, before the full-scale invasion of the Russians. Therefore, the percentage of Vinnytsia citizens, involved in certain types of volunteer movement is increasing steadily. The citizens are attracted to volunteer initiatives through information announcements on Internet platforms and even published in places of mass gathering of people. Private volunteer initiatives of ordinary city rezidents become significant and more eloquent. Not having the financial capabilities as large businesses, private ideas are focused on the following types of volunteer activities: the collection of donations for the needs of the military through charitable auctions; weaving camouflage nets, sewing kikimores and textile; formation of product kits; production of Hindenburg lights and matches; knitting warm things (primarily socks). Wide coverage of volunteer initiatives and the results of their implementation in the media attracts a larger number of citizens to volunteer movement, crystallizing and strengthening the foundation of civil society with pan-European democratic values. Public activists and volunteers have become the embodiment of moral virtues and a vector of value orientations in Ukrainian society in less than two years of large-scale military operations. A sense of involvement in the country’s defense through a volunteer movement consolidates the nation and to some extent contributes to the processes of self-identification. Today the volunteer movement in Ukraine is a new reality of modern everyday life of Ukrainians in the conditions of war.

Literary activity of Hryhorii Kvitka and women’s education

The article uses and develops the ideas of the famous literary historian M. Zerov, which relate to Ukrainian sentimentalism. His experience in the scientific interpretation of G. Kvitka's work made it possible to determine ways of optimally engaging the possibilities of literary life to reveal the influence of such social factors as charity, women's education and upbringing, on the writer's creative practice. The relevance of the outlined approach is due to the need to overcome simplification in the understanding of our classical cultural heritage, the need to clarify knowledge about Ukrainian sentimentalism by expanding the scope of researched facts and their objective study. On the basis of the analysis of biographical and cultural-aesthetic material, the motives that guided the Ukrainian sentimentalist were identified and described, as well as his worldview and aesthetic priorities were clarified. Biographical facts were analyzed separately, testifying to G. Kvitka's special interest in the organization of the women's institute in Kharkiv and his awareness of the need for literary texts that would meet the aesthetic demands of the institute's female students. Some attention is paid to clarifying the dependence of the writer on the notions of sentimentalism concerning the criteria of "truthfulness" of an artistic work. It is pointed out the groundlessness of involving Kvitka's prose in realism, as some Soviet researchers and their followers once tried to do. The hypothesis is proposed, according to which H. Kvitka's sentimental prose appeared precisely as an organic continuation and development of his charitable and educational work, the kinship of these types of activities is separately substantiated, and their common ideological basis is emphasized. The role of H. Kvitka in the formation of the Ukrainian female readership was noted, features of his works that contributed to this are highlighted. As a perspective for further studies, it is proposed to find out exactly how the literary and spiritual heritage of sentimentalism is presented in the modern cultural life of Ukrainians.

UKRAINIAN STUDIES ACTUALITIES OF THE MODERN TEACHER’S PEDAGOGICAL CULTURE

The article substantiates, defines, and discloses the current Ukrainian studies of the teacher’s pedagogical culture in the context of modern political, social, and cultural issues of national education system formation in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the fact that the current mission of the New Ukrainian School education is to strengthen and develop the national idea, which is the lifeblood of state growth and the way to victory. Thus, it is necessary to form a pedagogical culture based on Ukrainian studies, which should be everywhere in educational, cultural, artistic, scientific, and information environments. It has been proven that the cult of culture, primarily national, must be perceived as a methodology of modern education. It should serve not only historical truth, intellectualization, and humanization of the personality but also be a safeguard, caution, and protection against expansion in the future, strengthening the Spirit of the People, which is our indomitable strength. It has been found that, when forming the personality of a teacher, lecturer, and their pedagogical culture, it is necessary to pay attention to two key aspects – professional and cultural, because the institution of higher education should provide not only “knowledge” competencies, but also create a cultural teacher. Pedagogical culture is formed two-dimensionally – concordantly and logically, sensually and rationally, humanely and realistically, with heart and mind. It is a kind of synthesis of soul and reason (intellect). It has been established that Ukrainian studies should be considered an essential component in the education content, which makes it sound, intellectual, humane, and national, strengthening the social processes of state-nation creation. Since educational Ukrainian-centrism will make it impossible for the rudiments of “cultural and educational imperialism” of Moscovites to manifest, which has always tried to destroy the national-historical life of Ukrainians, planting the ideology of little russia and statelessness. They can realize the highest civic task of education, which is to cultivate respect for one’s own “I,” one’s Kindred, People, Ukraine, to serve as a spiritual, socio-political factor of consolidation and development of the Nation.

The influence of “Galician football” on the development of Polish and Ukrainian football

Background: Galicia – the former lands of southern Lesser Poland, eastern Roztocze, eastern Subcarpathia and Podolian Upland west of Zburcz. At the end of the 19th century, these areas were under Austrian Partition, Polish and Ukrainian people lived there, so these environments were subject to numerous mutual influences in many areas of social and economic activity. Such dependencies also concerned sports activities, especially when it comes to the most popular discipline, football. Taking into account the fact that Polish ad Ukrainian organizations and sports clubs existed in this area, there are many assumptions that football in these two countries had common roots. The aim of the study is to determine a remarkable socio-cultural phenomenon in the sports field – the search for common roots for Galician football. In the research there was a fundamental question raised: whether “Galician football” can constitute a common source for Polish and Ukrainian football. Methods: The research method used was the analysis of literature, however the research materials consisted of reports on the history of football (Polish and Ukrainian editions) and information contained on the websites of Polish and Ukrainian clubs. Results: The analysis of literature and research documents indicates that Galician football has been a common source for Polish and Ukrainian football. Conclusion: The city of Lviv, as the capital of Galicia and the site of numerous sports organizations, has significantly contributed to the flourishing of the sports life of Poles and Ukrainians. Galicia was the place where the first football clubs for the later Polish and Ukrainian nations were established.

ROMA AS A MATRIX OF THE ‘OTHER’IN THE PROJECTION OF ORIENTALISM, RACE, AND NATION IN THE WORKS BY OLHA KOBYLIANSKA

The paper analyzes the images of Romani in the works by Olha Kobylianska against the background of the multiethnic situation in Bukovyna, and traces the influence of the anthropological interpretation of the Gypsies as a race and a pre-modern people on the representation of Romani in the literature of the Romanticism period and the 2nd half of the 19th century.
 Kobylianska treats the Gypsies not only as an exotic ‘other’ but also as an integral part of the cultural and ethnic identity of Ukrainian society and analyzes the relationship between Romani as monads and settled peasants, as well as the processes of assimilation and integration of Gypsies into the Ukrainian environment. By depicting the colourful images of the Roma in her works, Kobylianska unfolds conflict situations related to the struggle for land and the participation of ‘outsiders’ in them. The Gypsy is a figure of the stranger who serves as a matrix of ‘otherness’ for her and functions in various semantic projections. Such a matrix is projected onto the life of Hutsuls as children of nature; it correlates with the situation of reversed gender, in particular feminine identity; it serves as an attribute of exotic and oriental racial otherness. Adopting romantic oriental stereotypes about Gypsies, Kobylianska, in accordance with the anthropology of the time, marks them racially (through the signification of the ‘black’ body) and geographically (through their belonging to the Oriental world). At the same time, she brings these images closer to Ukrainian life and everyday routine and doesn’t ignore the assimilation and relations between Ukrainians and Gypsies. Settled and nomadic peoples, insiders and outsiders become the backdrop against which Kobylianska unfolds the drama of shaping the modern Ukrainian nation.

Identification of captured soldiers of the tsarist army based on nationality in Austria-Hungary, 1915: separation of Ukrainians

The article summarizes the process of identifying and separating Ukrainians from tsarist army soldiers who were captured by the Austrian-Hungarian forces. In 1915, such efforts were initiated by members of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (ULU) who surveyed camp inmates and compiled a list of prisoners willing to move to a Ukrainian camp in Freistadt. The procedure was complex because many inmates supported the imperial ideology, including the Black Hundreds and Little Russians who exerted psychological pressure on the prisoners and attempted to prevent communication between the Ukrainians and the ULU envoys. The compiled lists of Ukrainian nationals laid long-lasting foundations for the ULU’s efforts to unite Ukrainians and establish a community of Ukrainian activists, albeit a small one, who were willing to risk their lives and carry out the difficult task of spreading national liberation ideas not only in POW camps, but also on Ukrainian lands in Russia. Owing to the ULU’s efforts, Ukrainian prisoners were transferred to the camp in Freistadt which was the center of Ukrainian life in 1915–1918.